Functional tests and measures

Question 1

Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment (POMA, Tinetti)

Answer 1

-examines balance (9items) and walking (8items)

balance = sitting, sit-to-stand, standing feet together, turn 360 degrees, sternal nudge, SLS, tandem stand, reaching up, bending over, stand-to-sit, timed rising.

Walking = gait initiation, path, turning timed walk, step over obstacles.

Max score 28.
19-24 = moderate risk
Under 19 = high risk for fall

Question 2

Berg balance scale

Answer 2

examines functional balance with 14 items.

-sitting unsupported, sit-stand, stand-sit, transfers; in standing: EO to EC, feet together, forward reach, pick object off floor, head turns, turning 360 degrees, step up, tandem stand, SLS.

Max score = 56
less than 45 = high risk for falls.

Question 3

Timed up and go (TUG)

Answer 3

functional balance during rise from chair, walk 3m, turn, and return.

normal = equal to/less than 10 seconds
11-20 seconds = normal for frail elderly or disabled.

over 20 seconds = increased risk for fall
over 30 seconds = high risk

Question 4

Functional reach (FR)

Answer 4

max distance a patient can reach forward beyond arm’s length and return

above avg = over 12.2 inches
below avg = less than 5.6 inches
under 10 is indicative of increased fall risk

Question 5

Multidirectional reach test (MDRT)

Answer 5

max distance a person can reach forward, backward, and lateral to right and left.

backward: above avg = over 7.6 inches. below avg = under 1.6 inches
lateral: above avg = over 9.4 inches, below avg = under 3.8 inches

Question 6

Short physical performance battery

Answer 6

-chair stands, semi tandem, tandem, and side-by-side stands as well as a timed 8 ft walk

scored in terms of time to complete: 5 sit-to-stands, 10 seconds in each standing condition and 8 ft walk

each measured on ordinal scale. 0= worst, 12 = best performance

Question 7

DGI - dynamic gait index

Answer 7

dynamic gait using 8 items. Changes in speed, head turns, pivot turns, obstacles, and stairs

normal intact adult = 21 +/- 3
hx of fall = 11 +/- 4

Question 8

Balance efficacy scale (BES)

Answer 8

self confidence in performing ADLs,

18 questions scored from 0-100% confidence.

total score divided by 18 to get mean. scores less than 50 = low confidence.

Question 9

Walkie-talkie test

Answer 9

aka stops walking when talking, SWWT

dual task control

*test is positive if person must stop walking in order to respond to a question

Question 10

Functional gait assessment (FGA)

Answer 10

10 items. based on DGI with additional items on walking. (ambulating backward, with narrow BOS, with EC)

total possible score = 30