Special System Flashcards
Highly localized receptors that provide information Highly localized receptors that provide information
Special Senses
Response to airborne molecules, called odorants
Smell
What are the 5 basic types of taste exist
Salty, sour, sweet, bitter, and umami
What is the function of CN (I) - Olfactory
Smell
What is the function of CN (II) - Optic
Vision
What are some examples of primary odors
Musky, floral, pepperminty, ethereal, pungent, putrid, and camphoraceous
What are the 5 special senses
Smell, taste, sight, hearing, and balance
Olfaction response to airbone molecules called _________
Odorants
How many different odorant receptors are there approximately
1000
Where do acons from olfactory nerves extend to
Olfactory bulbs
Where do interneurons in the olfactory bulb connect to?
Olfactory cortex
Which taste is the most sensitive?
Bitter
What other stimuli can the tongue detect?
Temperature and texture
Which nerve carries taste sensations from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?
Facial nerve
Which nerve carries taste sensations from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?
Glossopharyngeal nerve
Which nerve carries taste sensations from the epiglottis
Vagus nerve
It is used to prevent perspiration from entering the eyes
Eyebrows
It protect the eyes from foreign objects
Eyelids
It initiate reflex blinking
Eyelashes
It secrete tears
Lacrimal glands
What do tears contain?
Water, salts, mucus, and lysosomes
What are the layers of the eyeball?
Fibrous layer, vascular layer, nervous layer
It is the white connective tissue maintaining the eyeball shape
Sclera
Transparent and refracts light entering the eye
Cornea
A vascular network preventing light reflection
Choroid
A thickened ring of tissue surrounding the lens
Ciliary body
What determines the color of the iris?
Melanin
The inner layer of the eyeball with photoreceptors
Retina
Area of greatest sensitivity to light
Macula
Location where nerves exist and blood vessels enter
Optic disc
The function of this supports, nourishes, and removes wastes for cornea
Aqueous humor
It helps maintain the shape of the eyeball
Vitreous humor
What is the function of hair cells in the cochlea?
To detect sound vibrations
What are the four types of papilae on the tongue?
Filiform, foliate, fungiform, and circumvallate
Which papilae have no taste buds?
Filiform papilae
Responsible for non-color vision and vision in low illumination
Rods
The fleshy part of external ear
Auricle
Frequency of the soundwaves
Pitch
Amplitude of the soundwaves
Volume
Resonant quality (overtones) of sound
Timbre
The internal cavity where fluids are present and filled is called ______?
Humor
Smooth muscle regulated by the close vision and bright light. Pupils constrict in this one
Sphincter pupillae
Smooth muscle regulated by the distant vision and dim light. Pupils dilate in this one.
Dilator pupillae
Which cranial nerve are for sensory only?
CN: I, II, & VIII
Which cranial nerve are for purely motor only?
CN: III, IV, VI, XI, & XII
Which cranial nerve are for mixed (both motor and sensory)?
CN: V, VII, IX, & X
Stimulated by low-frequency sound
Stapedius muscles
Stimulated by extremely loud noises
Tensor tympani muscles
It transmit senses for both balance and hearing
Vestibulocochlear Nerve
Fluid-filled space between membranous labyrinth and bony labyrinth
Perilymph
Clear fluid that fills inside membranous labyrinth
Endolymph
