Integumentary System Flashcards
It includes the skin and accessory structures such as hair, glands, and nails
Integumentary System
What vitamin does the skin produce?
Vitamin D
What type of burn when only the surface of the epidermis is affected
1st degree burn
A deeper injury & causes blistering.
2nd degree burn
Burns involve all the layers of the skin
3rd degree burn
Burns entered into the muscle and bone
4th degree burn
It is the superficial layer of skin with stratified squamous epithelial tissue
Epidermis
Layer of connective tissue, responsible for the strength of the skin
Dermis
Layer of loose connective tissue and not part of the skin. Connects the skin to the bone or muscle.
Subcutaneous tissue (Hypodermis)
Produce the pigment melanin that contributes to skin color.
Melanocytes
Specialized epidermal cells associated with the nerve endings responsible for detecting light touch and pressure.
Merkel cells/tactile epithelial cells
Most superficial stratum of the epidermis
Stratum corneum
Disperses keratohyalin around keratin fibers
Stratum lucidum
Produces keratohyalin granules; lamellar bodies release lipids from cells; cells die
Stratum granulosum
Produces keratin fibers; lamellar bodies form inside keratinocytes
Stratum spinosum
Deepest stratum of the epidermis; single layer of cuboidal or columnar cells; basement membrane of the epidermis attaches to the dermis
Stratum basale
A group of pigments responsible for hair, skin, and eye color
Melanin
Can be found in the palms of the hands, soles of the feet and fingertips
Thick skin
Where hair is found
Thin skin
Composed of cells such as fibroblast, adipocytes, macrophages
Dermis
Towards the epidermis, loose connective tissue. Brings blood vessels close to the epidermis; dermal papillae form fingerprints & footprints.
Papillary layer
Mat of collagen and elastic fibers, dense irregular connective tissue. Main fibrous layer of the dermis, forms cleavage lines.
Reticular layer
Represents separation between underlying collagen fibers bundles in the reticular dermis.
Cleavage lines
It form where the dermis is closely attached to the underlying structures.
Flexure lines
It consist of spiderman ridges that lie on top of dermal ridges
Friction ridges
Attaches the skin to underlying bone and muscle and supplies the skin with blood vessels and nerves
Subcutaneous tissue
Terminal hair replaces vellus hair during puberty
True
A delicate, unpigmented hair on fetuses
Lanugo
Hair structure is above the surface
Shaft
Hair structure is below the surface with the base called bulb
Root
A tubelike invagination of the epidermis into the dermis, where hair develops and grows.
Hair follicle
Active phase in which hair follicles takes on its onion like shape and works to produce hair fiber
Anagen (growth)
Follicles undergo apoptosis-driven regression and loses 1/6th of its standard diameter.
Catagen (Transition)
Follicle becomes dormant and growth of hair shaft does not occur.
Telogen (Resting)
Extension of the telogen phase (Losing 50-100 hairs/day is normal)
Exogen (shedding)
Smooth muscle cells associated with each hair follicle.
Arrector pili
Alveolar glands that produce sebum (rich in lipids) and classified as holocrine glands.
Sebaceous glands
Simple, coiled, tubular that open directly onto the surface through sweat pores.
Eccrine
Does not help in thermoregulation and secrete organic substance that are metabolized by bacteria that produces body odor.
Apocrine
Located on the distal ends of the digits
Nails
Where the body nail fold grows into the nail body
Cuticle/Eponychium
Located beneath the free edge of the nail body
Hyponychium
Composed of epithelial tissue that gives rise to the cells that form the nail.
Nail matrix and bed
