Special Senses and Receptors

Question 1

structures that are specialized to receive environmental stimuli and generate nerve impulses
how many types?

Answer 1

receptors

6

Question 2

sensitive to chemical substances in the immediate area

Answer 2

chemoreceptors

Question 3

stimulated by mechanical forces, like pressure

Answer 3

mechanoreceptors

Question 4

sense the degree of muscle contraction, movement of ligaments, and stretch of tendons

Answer 4

proprioceptors

Question 5

stimulated by changes in temperature

Answer 5

thermoreceptors

Question 6

pain receptors

Answer 6

nociceptors

Question 7

detect light

Answer 7

photoreceptors

Question 8

senses that are associated with the skin, muscles, and joints are called _____ senses

Answer 8

somatic senses, general

Question 9

the sense organs for taste, smell, vision, equilibrium, and hearing

Answer 9

special senses

Question 10

occurs when a receptor becomes accustomed to stimulation and stops generating impulses, even though the stimulus is still present

Answer 10

adaptation

Question 11

groupings of cells found in the tongue epithelium and open at a taste _______

Answer 11

taste buds, pore

Question 12

eyeball has three layers:

Answer 12

sclera, choroid, retina

Question 13

the outer layer of the eye, white and fibrous except for the transparent _____ known as the window of the eye

Answer 13

sclera, cornea

Question 14

middle, dark thin brown layer ________ is vascular and __________
toward the front, the ______ thickens and forms the ring shaped ________, which contains ______ muscle, which controls the ________ of the lens for near and far vision
also becomes a thin, circular, muscular, pigmented diaphragm called the ____, which regulates the size of the ______ where light passes through
the lens, attached to the ciliary body via _____ divides the eye into two smaller cavities:
a clear gelatinous material is called the _____ humor, which fills the ____ cavity
the ____ cavity lying posterior to the cornea and anterior to the lens is filled with a clear water fluid secreted by the ________ and is called the ________

Answer 14

choroid, absorbs stray lights
choroid, ciliary body, ciliary muscle, shape
iris, pupil
ligaments, vitreous, posterior
anterior, ciliary body, aqueous humor

Question 15

the inner layer of the eye which contains ____ and ____
there are no ____ and ____ where the optic nerve passes through, this is called the ______ where vision is impossible
contains a very special region that contains only _____, called _________
vision is the most acute here

Answer 15

retina
rods and cones
rods and cones
blind spot
cones, fovea centralis

Question 16

capillaries to the retina burst and blood spills into the vitreous humor, blinds people between 20 and 74 years old

Answer 16

diabetic retinopathy

Question 17

occurs when the eye drainage system fails, so that fluid builds up and destroys the nerve fibers that are responsible for peripheral vision

Answer 17

glaucoma

Question 18

the ear performs two sensory functions and three divisions

Answer 18

hearing and equilibrium

outer, middle, and inner

Question 19

outer ear

Answer 19

pinna and auditory canal

Question 20

middle ear begins at the _______ membrane which is also called the ______ and ends at a wall containing the ______, ( the _____ window is found near this area and allows fluid in the _____ to move)
three small bones are found called the ______
which include the ______, _______,_______
the ______ attaches to the tympanic membrane and the ____ contacts the _______

Answer 20

tympanic, eardrum, oval window, round, cochlea
ossicles, malleus, incus, stapes
malleus, stapes, oval window

Question 21

inner ear
the ______ and _____ are involved in equilibrium
the ______ is for hearing
the cochlea is lined with small hairs called _____ which transmits sensations to our brain to interpret as a sound
the ______, also known as the auditory tube, extends from the middle ear to the nasopharynx

Answer 21

semicircular canals vestibule
cochlea
stereocilia
eustachian

Question 22

ringing of the ears

Answer 22

tinnitus