Special Senses and Receptors Flashcards
structures that are specialized to receive environmental stimuli and generate nerve impulses
how many types?
receptors
6
sensitive to chemical substances in the immediate area
chemoreceptors
stimulated by mechanical forces, like pressure
mechanoreceptors
sense the degree of muscle contraction, movement of ligaments, and stretch of tendons
proprioceptors
stimulated by changes in temperature
thermoreceptors
pain receptors
nociceptors
detect light
photoreceptors
senses that are associated with the skin, muscles, and joints are called _____ senses
somatic senses, general
the sense organs for taste, smell, vision, equilibrium, and hearing
special senses
occurs when a receptor becomes accustomed to stimulation and stops generating impulses, even though the stimulus is still present
adaptation
groupings of cells found in the tongue epithelium and open at a taste _______
taste buds, pore
eyeball has three layers:
sclera, choroid, retina
the outer layer of the eye, white and fibrous except for the transparent _____ known as the window of the eye
sclera, cornea
middle, dark thin brown layer ________ is vascular and __________
toward the front, the ______ thickens and forms the ring shaped ________, which contains ______ muscle, which controls the ________ of the lens for near and far vision
also becomes a thin, circular, muscular, pigmented diaphragm called the ____, which regulates the size of the ______ where light passes through
the lens, attached to the ciliary body via _____ divides the eye into two smaller cavities:
a clear gelatinous material is called the _____ humor, which fills the ____ cavity
the ____ cavity lying posterior to the cornea and anterior to the lens is filled with a clear water fluid secreted by the ________ and is called the ________
choroid, absorbs stray lights choroid, ciliary body, ciliary muscle, shape iris, pupil ligaments, vitreous, posterior anterior, ciliary body, aqueous humor
the inner layer of the eye which contains ____ and ____
there are no ____ and ____ where the optic nerve passes through, this is called the ______ where vision is impossible
contains a very special region that contains only _____, called _________
vision is the most acute here
retina rods and cones rods and cones blind spot cones, fovea centralis
capillaries to the retina burst and blood spills into the vitreous humor, blinds people between 20 and 74 years old
diabetic retinopathy
occurs when the eye drainage system fails, so that fluid builds up and destroys the nerve fibers that are responsible for peripheral vision
glaucoma
the ear performs two sensory functions and three divisions
hearing and equilibrium
outer, middle, and inner
outer ear
pinna and auditory canal
middle ear begins at the _______ membrane which is also called the ______ and ends at a wall containing the ______, ( the _____ window is found near this area and allows fluid in the _____ to move)
three small bones are found called the ______
which include the ______, _______,_______
the ______ attaches to the tympanic membrane and the ____ contacts the _______
tympanic, eardrum, oval window, round, cochlea
ossicles, malleus, incus, stapes
malleus, stapes, oval window
inner ear
the ______ and _____ are involved in equilibrium
the ______ is for hearing
the cochlea is lined with small hairs called _____ which transmits sensations to our brain to interpret as a sound
the ______, also known as the auditory tube, extends from the middle ear to the nasopharynx
semicircular canals vestibule
cochlea
stereocilia
eustachian
ringing of the ears
tinnitus
