Nervous System in General

Question 1

Nervous system: _____ activity

Answer 1

rapid

example: movement and thinking

Question 2

Endocrine system: _____ activity

Answer 2

slow

example: growth

Question 3

a coordinating system of the body composed of highly specialized cells for conducting nerve impulses to a center so responses can be made

Answer 3

nervous system

Question 4

brain and spinal cord

Answer 4

central nervous system

Question 5

nerves

Answer 5

peripheral nervous system

Question 6

primary functions of nervous tissue

1. receive stimuli from the _______ (receptor)
2. to transform these stimuli to into nerve impulses (receptor)
3. to transmit these impulses to the proper nerve center of the body (neuron)
4. to process the information and determine the appropriate response (brain and spinal cord)
5. this response is transmitted to the ______ organ (muscles/glands) (neuron)
6. the effector organ carries out the response (nervous system)

Answer 6

environment, effector

Question 7

the nervous system consists of two principal types of cells:

Answer 7

neurons and neuroglia

Question 8

cytoplasmic extensions that receive information and transmit it toward the cell body

Answer 8

dendrites

Question 9

contains the nucleus and controls the metabolic activity of the neuron

Answer 9

cell body or soma

Question 10

connects the cell body to the axon

Answer 10

axon hillock

Question 11

insulating substance which allows axons to conduct impulses faster

Answer 11

myelin

Question 12

glial cells produce _____
________ produce myelin in the CNS
_______ cells produce myelin in the PNS

Answer 12

myelin
olioglendrocytes
Schwann

Question 13

gaps between segments of myelin

Answer 13

nodes of ranvier

Question 14

swellings at the end of the axon, involved in neurotransmitter release

Answer 14

synaptic terminals

Question 15

gap between the axon terminal of one neuron and the dendrite of another

Answer 15

synapse

Question 16

supportive connective tissue that nurtures and protects the neurons
how many types?

Answer 16

neuroglia

6

Question 17

form fatty myelin sheaths around the most axons in the PNS only
is not continuous, interrupted by the ______
the nerve impulses jump from node to node as they travel down the axon, a conduction called _________

Answer 17

Schwan cells
nodes of ranvier
salatory conduction

Question 18

form similar myelin sheaths in the CNS only

Answer 18

olioglendrocytes

Question 19

phagocytic cells that migrate throughout the CNS removing debris; may migrate to areas where nervous tissue is injured

Answer 19

microglia

Question 20

regulate the passage of molecules from blood to the brain; helps form the blood brain barrier that regulates the passage of substances into the brain

Answer 20

astrocytes

Question 21

line the brain chambers called ventricles and help form the choroid plexus, which produces CSF

Answer 21

ependymal cells

Question 22

support neuron cell bodies in ganglia of PNS

Answer 22

satellite

Question 23

neuroglia in the CNS consists of

Answer 23

astrocytes, migroglia, oliogendrocytes, and ependymal cels

Question 24

neuroglia in the PNS consists of

Answer 24

schwann cells, satellite cells

Question 25

transmit sensory nerve impulses from receptors to the brain and spinal cord

Answer 25

afferent neurons

Question 26

convey motor nerve impulses from the brain and spinal cord to effectors (muscles and glands)

Answer 26

efferent neurons

Question 27

carry impulses from one neuron to another

this group makes up the majority of the nerves in the body

Answer 27

interneurons

Question 28

impulses known as ________ travel the length of the axon and invade the nerve terminal, causing a release of neurotransmitters into the synapse

Answer 28

action potentials