Nervous System in General Flashcards
Nervous system: _____ activity
rapid
example: movement and thinking
Endocrine system: _____ activity
slow
example: growth
a coordinating system of the body composed of highly specialized cells for conducting nerve impulses to a center so responses can be made
nervous system
brain and spinal cord
central nervous system
nerves
peripheral nervous system
primary functions of nervous tissue
- receive stimuli from the _______ (receptor)
- to transform these stimuli to into nerve impulses (receptor)
- to transmit these impulses to the proper nerve center of the body (neuron)
- to process the information and determine the appropriate response (brain and spinal cord)
- this response is transmitted to the ______ organ (muscles/glands) (neuron)
- the effector organ carries out the response (nervous system)
environment, effector
the nervous system consists of two principal types of cells:
neurons and neuroglia
cytoplasmic extensions that receive information and transmit it toward the cell body
dendrites
contains the nucleus and controls the metabolic activity of the neuron
cell body or soma
connects the cell body to the axon
axon hillock
insulating substance which allows axons to conduct impulses faster
myelin
glial cells produce _____
________ produce myelin in the CNS
_______ cells produce myelin in the PNS
myelin
olioglendrocytes
Schwann
gaps between segments of myelin
nodes of ranvier
swellings at the end of the axon, involved in neurotransmitter release
synaptic terminals
gap between the axon terminal of one neuron and the dendrite of another
synapse
supportive connective tissue that nurtures and protects the neurons
how many types?
neuroglia
6
form fatty myelin sheaths around the most axons in the PNS only
is not continuous, interrupted by the ______
the nerve impulses jump from node to node as they travel down the axon, a conduction called _________
Schwan cells
nodes of ranvier
salatory conduction
form similar myelin sheaths in the CNS only
olioglendrocytes
phagocytic cells that migrate throughout the CNS removing debris; may migrate to areas where nervous tissue is injured
microglia
regulate the passage of molecules from blood to the brain; helps form the blood brain barrier that regulates the passage of substances into the brain
astrocytes
line the brain chambers called ventricles and help form the choroid plexus, which produces CSF
ependymal cells
support neuron cell bodies in ganglia of PNS
satellite
neuroglia in the CNS consists of
astrocytes, migroglia, oliogendrocytes, and ependymal cels
neuroglia in the PNS consists of
schwann cells, satellite cells
transmit sensory nerve impulses from receptors to the brain and spinal cord
afferent neurons
convey motor nerve impulses from the brain and spinal cord to effectors (muscles and glands)
efferent neurons
carry impulses from one neuron to another
this group makes up the majority of the nerves in the body
interneurons
impulses known as ________ travel the length of the axon and invade the nerve terminal, causing a release of neurotransmitters into the synapse
action potentials
