special senses Flashcards
-cusis
hearing
blephar/o
eyelid
irid/o
iris, colored part of eye
kerat/o
horny, hard, cornea
myring/o
tympanic membrane, eardrum
ophthalm/o
eye, vision
-opia
VISION CONDITION
opt/o
eye vision
ot/o
ear, hearing
phak/o
lens of eye
presby/o
old age
retin/o
retina, net
scler/o
sclera, white of eye, hard
trop/o
turn, change
tympan/o
tympanic membrane, eardrum
adnexa of the eyes
structures outside the eyeballs
lacrimal apparatus
consist of the structures that produce, store, and remove tears
optic
pertaining to the eye
ocular
pertaining to the eye
extra ocular
outside the eyeball
intra ocular
within the eyeball
sclera
known as the white of the eye, maintains the shape of the eye and protects the delicate inner layers of tissue
choroid
the opaque middle layer of the eyeball that contains many blood vessels and provides the blood for entire eye
retina
the sensitive innermost layer that lines the posterior segment of the eye
anterior segment
makes up the front one-third of the eyeball
aqueous humor (fluid)
fills both anterior chambers with watery fluid. helps eye maintain shape and nourishes the intra ocular structures
posterior segment
makes up the remaining two-thirds of the eyeball, is lined with the retina and filled with vitreous humor
vitreous humor
is a soft, clear, jelly-like mass that contains millions of fine fibers
binocular vision
occurs when the muscles off both eyes work together in coordination to make normal depth perception
tarsus
the framework within the upper and lower eyelids that provides the necessary stiffness and shape
rods and cones
receive images that have passed through the lens of the eye
macula
clearly defined light-sensitive area in the center of the retina that is responsible for sharp central vision
fovea centrails
is a pit in the middle of the macula
optic disk
is a small region in the eye where the nerve endings of the retina enter the optic nerve
optic nerve
transmits these nerve impulses from the retina to the brain
uvea
pigmented layer of the eye
ciliary body
which is located within the choroid is a set of muscles and suspensory ligaments that adjust the thickness of the lens to refine he focus of light rays on the retina
iris
colorful circular structure that surrounds the pupil
cornea
the transparent outer surface of the eye covering the iris and pupil
pupil
is the black circular opening in the center of the iris that permits light to enter the eye
lens
is the clear, flexible, covered structure that focuses images on the retina
emmetropia
is the normal relationship between the refractive power of the eye and shape of the eye that enables light rays to focus correctly on the retina
Ophthalmologist
A physician who specializes in disease and disorders of the eye
Optometrist
Dr of optometry that provides primary eye care including accuracy of vision
Ptosis
Drooping of the upper eye lid that is usually due to paralysis
Ectropion
The eversion ( turning out wards) of the edge of the eyelid
Entropion
In the inversion (turn inwards) of the edge of the eyelid
Periorbital edema
Is the swelling of the tissues surrounding the eyes
Conjunctivitis
Pinkeye - is the inflammation of the conjunctiva
Dacryoadenitis
Inflammation of the lacrimal gland caused by bacterial, viral or fungal infection
Xerophthalmia
Dry eye - drying of the eye surface
Keratitis
Inflammation of the cornea
Scleritis
Inflammation of the sclera - infection, chemical injury or autoimmune
Anisocoria
The pupil are unequal in size
Photopsia
So the presence of what appears to be flashes of light
Miosis
The contraction of the pupil in response to light or drugs
Mydriasis
Dilation of the pupil - the opposite of miosis
Papilledema
Swelling and inflammation of the optic nerve at the point of entrance into the eye through the optic disk
Macular degeneration
Is a gradually progressive condition in which the macula at the center of the retina is damaged loss of central vision but not total blindness
Photophobia
Means excessive sensitivity to light result in migraines.
Diplopia
Double vision
Monochromatism
Color blindness
Esotropia
Cross eyes
Exotropia
Walleye - outward deviation of one eye. Opposite of Esotropia
Hyperopia
Far sidedness - light rays focus beyond the retina
Myopia
Nearsightedness - light rays focus in front of the retina
Scotoma
Blind spot
Tonometry
The measurement of intra ocular pressure
Tarsorrhaphy
Suturing together of the upper and lower eyelids to protect eye when the lids are paralyzed and cannot closed
Enucleation
Removal of the eyeball leaving the eye muscle intact
Radial keratotomy
Surgical procedure to treat myopia
Phacoemulsification
The use of ultrasonic vibration to shatter and remove the lens clouded by a cataract
Auditory
Sense of hearing
Acoustic
Sound or hearing
Pinna
Outer ear - pinna catches sound waves and transmit
Cerumen
Earwax
Middle ear
Transmits sounds across the inner ear
Tympanic membrane
Eardrum
Mastoid process
The temporal bone containing hollow air space that surrounds the middle ear
Auditory ossicles
Three small bones located in the middle ear
Malleus
Hammer
Incus
Anvil
Stapes
Stirrup
Eustachian tubes
Narrow tubes that lead from the middle earth the nasal cavity and throat
Labyrinth
Structures of the inner ear
Cochlea
Snail shaped structure in the inner ear - vibrations to nerve pulses
Otomycosis
Swimmers ear
Vertigo
Sense of whirling, dizziness and loss of balance
Meunière disease
Fluid in the inner ear - vertigo
Tinnitus
Ringing, buzzing or roaring
Fenestration
The surgical procedure in which a new opening is created on the labyrinth to restore lost hearing
Glaucoma
Increased intra ocular pressure that causes damage to retinal nerve fibers and optic nerve
Amblyopia
Dimness of vision or partial loss of sight, especially in one eye
ametropia
any error of refraction in which images do not focus properly on the retina.
astigmatism
a condition in which the eye doe not focus properly because of uneven curvatures of the cornea.
cataract
the loss of transparency of the lens of the eye.
chalazion
a nodule or cyst usually on the upper eyelid caused by obstruction of a sebaceous gland.
hemianopia
blindness in one half of the visual field
hordeolum
a pus-filled lesion on the eyelid resulting from an infection of the sebaceous gland.
myringotomy
a small surgical incision in the eardrum to relieve pressure from excess pus or fluid, or to create an opening for the placement of ear tubes.
nyctalopia
a condition in which an individual with normal daytime vision has difficulty seeing at night.
nystagmus
an involuntary, constant rhythmic movement of the eyeball.
stapedectomy
the surgical removal of the top portion of the stapes bone and the insertion of a prosthetic device that conducts sound vibrations in the inner ear.
strabismus
a disorder in which the eyes point in different directions because the eye muscles are unable to focus together.
