Nervous System Flashcards
Cerebr/o
Cerebrum, brain
Caus/o
Burning, burn
Concuss/o
Shacked together, violently agitated
Contus/o
Bruise
Encephal/o
Brain
-esthesia
Sensation, feeling
Esthet/o
Feeling, nervous sensation, since of perception
-graphy
The process of producing a picture or record
Mening/o
Membranes, meninges
Myel/o
Spinal cord, gown marrow
Neur/I, neur/o
Nerve, nerve tissue
Phobia
Abnormal fear
Psych/o
Mind
Radicul/o
Root or nerve root
Tropic
Having an affinity for
Bell’s palsy
Temporary paralysis only on the affected side of the face
Causalgia
Persistent severe burning pain usually following an injury to a sensory nerve
Encephalitis
Inflammation of the brain
Epilepsy
A chronic Neurologic condition characterized by recurrent episodes of seizure of varying severity
Hallucination
A sensory perception experienced in the absence of an external stimulation
Hydrocephalus
A condition in which excess cerebrospinal fluid accumulates within the ventricles of the brain
Myelitis
Inflammation of the spinal cord, inflammation of the bone marrow
Sciatica
Inflammation of the sciatic nerves that results in pain burning and tingling along the course of the affected nerve
Trigeminal neuralgia
Inflammation if the 5th cranial nerve characterized by sudden intense brief attacks of sharp pain on one side of the face
Central nervous system
Includes brain and spinal cord. Receive and process information and regulate bodily activity
Peripheral nervous system
Includes 12 pairs or cranial verses and 31 paired spinal nerves. Transmits signals from the central nervous system
Nerve
One or more bundles of neurons that connect the brain and spinal cord with other parts of the body
Ganglion
Is a nerve center made up of a cluster of nerve cell bodies outside the central nervous system
Reflex
An automatic response to some change either inside or outside the body
Types of neurons “ACE”
Afferent neurons
Connecting neurons
Efferent neurons
Neuron functions “SAM”
Sensory neurons - run from sensory organs and skin to brain/spinal
Associative neurons -link afferent and efferent neurons
Motor neurons - carry impulses away from brainy words muscles/glands
Neurons
The basic cells of the nervous system that allow different parts of the body to communicate
Dendrites
Root-like processes that receive impulses and conduct them to a body cell
Axon
Conducts impulses away from nerve cell
Synapse
The space between two neurons or between a neuron and receptor organ.
Neurotransmitter
Chemicals substances that make it possible for a Message to to cross from the synapses of a neuron to the target receptor.
Serotonin
Released in the brain, has roles in sleep, hunger, and pleasure
Myelin sheath
A protective covering made up of glial cells. Nerve fibers that are myelinated are called white matter.
Glial cells
Provide support and protection for neurons
Meninges
The system of membranes that enclose the brain and spinal cord
dura mater
the thick, tough, outermost membrane of the meninges
arachnoid membrane
resembles a spider web - the second layer of the meninges and located between the dura mater and pia mater
pia mater
the third layer of meninges - located nearest to the brain and spinal cord
cerebrospinal fluid
also know as spinal, is produced by special capillaries within the four ventricles
cerebrum
is the largest and upper most portion of the brain
thalamus
relays sensory stimuli from the spinal cord and midbrain to the cerebral cortex
hypothalamus
regulates emotion, body, temp, hunger, thirst, sleep and automatic nervous system
cerebellum
coordinates muscular activity and balance for smooth and steady movement
brain stem
controls functions for survival - breathing,digestion, heart rate, bp and arousal
autonomic nervous system
controls the involuntary actions of the body such as internal organs
sympathetic nerves
prepare the body for emergencies and stress by increasing the breathing rate - fight or flight
parasympathetic nerves
return body to normal after response to stress
cephalalgia
also know as headache
encephalocele
a congenital herniation of brain tissue through gap in skull
meningitis
inflammation of the meninges of the brain and spinal cord
encephalitis
inflammation of the brain that can be caused by a viral infection like rabies
tetanus
also know as lock jaw caused by a toxin produced tetanus bacteria
Tourette’s syndrome
involuntary tics, grunts, and compulsive utterances that sometimes include obscenities
Alzheimer’s
disorder involving parts of the brain that control though, memory, and language
Parkinson’s
chronic degenerative central nervous disorder with fine muscle tremors, rigidity,and slow gait
concussion
a violent shaking up or jarring of the brain
cranial hematoma
is a collection of blood trapped in the tissues of the brain
shaken baby syndrome
a child being violently shaken by someone. can cause brain injury, blindness, fractures, seizures, paralysis and death.
level of consciousness
the measurement of response to arousal and stimulus
lethargy
lowered level of consciousness marked as listlessness, drowsiness and apathy
coma
a profound deep state of unconsciousness absent of spontaneous eye movement correspond to painful stimuli
ischemic stroke
the mist common type of stroke in older people caused by narrowing or blockage of a carotid artery
transient ischemic attack
referred to as mini-stroke temp interruption in the blood supply to the brain
Guillain-Barré syndrome
inflammation of the myelin sheath of peripheral nerves
electroencephalography
the process of recording the electrical activity of the brain through the use electrodes attached to the scalp
epidural anesthesia
regional anesthesia produced by injecting medication into the epidural space of the lumbar
local anesthesia
causes the loss of sensation in a limited area by injecting an anesthetic solution
anxiety disorder
mental condition characterized by excessive, irrational dread of everyday situations or fear that is out of proportion
generalized anxiety disorder
chronic, excessive worrying
autism
significant development delays including speech and language
Asperger’s syndrome
normal or above average intelligence but are impaired in social interactions and non verbal communication
factitious disease
a condition which an individual acts if she has a physical or mental illness when she isn’t really sick
dysthymia
a low grade chronic depression with symptoms that are milder than those of severe depression but majority of days
psychotic disorder
is the loss of contact with reality and deterioration of normal socail functions
schizophrenia
psychotic disorder usually characterized by withdrawal from reality, illogical patterns of thinking, delusion and hallucinations
somatoform disorder
physical complaints or concerns about ones body that are out of proportion to any physical findings or disease
delirium tremens
disorder involving sudden and severe mental changes or seizures cause by abruptly stopping use of alcohol
poliomyelitis
contagious viral infection of the brainstem and spinal cord which can lead to paralysis
somnambulism
sleepwalking
paresthesia
burning or prickling sensations that is usually felt in hands, arms, legs or feet
