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Integumentary System & Special Senses > Special Senses > Flashcards

Special Senses Flashcards

1
Q

List of SENSORY ONLY:

A

CN I, II & VIII

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2
Q

List of PURELY MOTOR:

A

CN III, IV, VI, XI, & XII

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3
Q

List of MIXED CN:

A

CN V, VII, IX, & X

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4
Q

Cranial Nerves related to GUSTATION:

A

CN VII, IX, & X

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5
Q

Cranial Nerve for Smell

A

Olfactory

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6
Q

Cranial Nerve for Vision

A

Optic

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7
Q

Motor to 4 of 6 extrinsic eye muscles and upper eyelid.

A

Oculomotor

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8
Q

Motor to one extrinsic eye muscle (Superior Oblique).

A

Trochlear

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9
Q

Sensory to face and teeth; chewing.

A

Trigeminal

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10
Q

Motor to one extrinsic eye muscle (Lateral Rectus).

A

Abducens

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11
Q

Motor to muscles of facial expression.

A

Facial

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12
Q

Hearing and Balance

A

Vestibulocochlear

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13
Q

Taste and touch of the tongue. Motor to pharyngeal muscles.

A

Glossopharyngeal

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14
Q

Sensory to pharynx, larynx, and viscera. Motor to palate, pharynx, and larynx.

A

Vagus

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15
Q

Motor to 2 neck and upper back muscles.

A

Accessory

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16
Q

Motor to tongue muscles.

A

Hypoglossal

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17
Q

What are the 5 special senses?

A

Smell, Taste, Vision, Hearing, and Balance

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18
Q

The olfactory region is lined with a specialized epithelium.

A

Olfactory Bulb

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19
Q

The ____ of the olfactory neurons synapse with secondary of the olfactory bulbs.

A

axons

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20
Q

The dendrites of olfactory neurons extend to the epithelial surface of the nasal cavity, and their ends are modified into bulbous enlargements.

A

Olfactory Vesicles

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21
Q

These vesicles cilia lie in a thin mucous film on the epithelial surface.

A

Olfactory Hairs

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22
Q

Airborne molecules that bind to odorant receptor molecules of the olfactory hair membranes.

A

Odorants

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23
Q

Sensory structures that detect taste stimuli, or gustatory stimuli.

A

Taste Buds

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24
Q

4 Major types of Papillae:

A

Filiform, Fungiform, Circumvallate, and Foliate

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25
Q

Bumps in your tongue.

A

Papillae

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26
Q

These are the most numerous papillae seen on the surface of the tongue and are hair-like or thread-like in appearance projecting out of the tongue and are seen on the front two-thirds of the tongue.

A

Filiform Papillae

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27
Q

These are fungus like papillae having dome-shaped structures projecting above the surface of the tongue.

A

Fungiform Papillae

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28
Q

Also called as Vallate Papillae which are dome-shaped structures located anterior to the foramen cecum and sulcus terminalis.

A

Circumvallate Papillae

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29
Q

These papillae are located just in front of the V of vallate papillae, they are clustered into two groups on each side of the tongue.

A

Foliate Papillae

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30
Q

Two cell types, which are non-sensory cells.

A

Basal and Supporting Cells

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31
Q

Substances that are dissolved in saliva, enter the taste pores, and by various mechanisms, cause the taste cells to depolarize.

A

Tastants

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32
Q

A branch of the CN VII, transmits taste sensations from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue, except from the vallate papillae.

A

Chorda Tympani

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33
Q

Are a collection of hairs superior to the orbits. This prevents perspiration from running down the forehead and into the eyes and irritating them.

A

Eyebrows

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34
Q

With their associated lashes, they protect the eyes from foreign objects.

A

Eyelids/Palpebrae

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35
Q

The space between the two eyelids are called ___________.

A

Palpebral Fissure

36
Q

The angles where the two eyelids join at the medial and lateral margins of the eye are called ____________.

A

Canthi

37
Q

The medial canthus contains a small, reddish-pink mound called the __________, which houses some modified sebaceous and sweat glands.

A

Caruncle

38
Q

Are attached as a double or triple row of hairs to the free edges of the eyelids.

A

Eyelashes

39
Q

Are modified sweat glands that open into the follicles of the eyelashes to keep them lubricated.

A

Ciliary Glands

40
Q

Are sebaceous glands near the inner margins of the eyelids; they produce sebum, which lubricates the eyelids and restrains tears from flowing over the margins of the eyelids.

A

Meibomian Glands/Tarsal Glands

41
Q

It is a thin, transparent mucous membrane associated with the eyelids and the exposed areas of the eye.

A

Conjunctiva

42
Q

It covers the inner surface of the eyelids.

A

Palpebral Conjunctiva

43
Q

It covers the anterior white surface of the eye.

A

Bulbar conjunctiva

44
Q

Consists of a lacrimal gland situated in the superolateral corner of the orbit and a nasolacrimal duct beginning in the inferomedial corner of the orbit.

A

Lacrimal Apparatus

45
Q

It is innervated by parasympathetic fibers from the CN VII (Facial).

A

Lacrimal Gland

46
Q

The gland produces tears, which leave the gland through several __________ and pass over the anterior surface of the eyeball.

A

Lacrimal Ducts

47
Q

Excess tears are collected in the medial corner of the eye by the ______________.

A

Lacrimal Canaliculi

48
Q

The upper and lower eyelids each have a punctum located on a small lump called ____________________.

A

Lacrimal Papilla

49
Q

It is the outer layer of the eyeball. It contains the sclera and the cornea.

A

Fibrous Tunic

50
Q

It is the posterior four-fifths of the eyeball. It is a white connective tissue that maintains the shape of the eyeball and provides a site for muscle attachment.

A

Sclera

51
Q

It is the anterior one-fifth of the eye. It is transparent and refracts light that enters the eye.

A

Cornea

52
Q

It is the middle layer of the eyeball.

A

Vascular Tunic

53
Q

It is a smooth muscle regulated by the ANS. It controls the amount of the light entering the pupil.

A

Iris

54
Q

It controls the shape of the lens. They are smooth muscles regulated by the ANS. The ciliary process produces aqueous humor.

A

Ciliary Muscles

55
Q

It is the nervous tunic of the eyeball and contains neurons sensitive to light.

A

Retina

56
Q

It is the area of greatest acuity.

A

Fovea Centralis

57
Q

It is the location through which nerves exit and blood vessels enter the eye. It has no photosensory cells and is therefore the blind spot of our eye.

A

Optic Disc

58
Q

It is held in place by the suspensory ligaments, which are attached to the ciliary muscles.

A

Lens

59
Q

It is responsible for most of the convergence, whereas the lens can adjust the focal point by changing shape.

A

Cornea

60
Q

Relaxation of the ciliary muscles causes the lens to flatten into its resting position.

A

Emmetropia

61
Q

Contraction of the ciliary muscles causes the lens to become more spherical. This change in lens shape enables the eye to focus on objects that are nearby.

A

Accommodation

62
Q

Are responsible for vision in low illumination (night vision).

A

Rods

63
Q

A pigment called ___________ is split by light into retinal and opsin, producing hyperpolarization in the rod.

A

Rhodopsin

64
Q

Are responsible for color vision and visual activity.

A

Cones

65
Q

Most visual images are focused on the _____________, which has a very high concentration of cones.

A

Fovea Centralis

66
Q

The rods and cones synapse with bipolar cells, which in turn synapse with ganglion cells.

A

Optic Nerves

67
Q

Consists of the auricle and the external auditory canal.

A

External Ear

68
Q

Connects the external and inner ears.

A

Middle Ear

69
Q

It is stretched across the external auditory canal.

A

Tympanic Membrane

70
Q

It connects the tympanic membrane to the oval window of the inner ear.

A

Malleus, Incus, and Stapes

71
Q

This connects the middle ear to the pharynx and equalizes pressure.

A

Auditory Tube

72
Q

The ____________ of the inner ear is a canal system within the temporal bone that connects perilymph and the membranous labyrinth.

A

Bony Labyrinth

73
Q

____________ is inside the membranous labyrinth.

A

Endolymph

74
Q

The ___________ is a spiral-shaped canal within the temporal bone.

A

Cochlea

75
Q

The spiral organ consists of __________ and __________ that attach to the tectorial membrane.

A

inner and outer hair cells

76
Q

The scala vestibuli and scala tympani contain ___________.

A

Perilymph

77
Q

The cochlear duct contains ___________ and the ____________.

A

endolymph, spiral organ

78
Q

Movement of the basilar membrane causes bending of the _______________ of inner cells in the spiral organ.

A

Stereocilia

79
Q

Depolarization causes the release of glutamate, generating action potentials in the ______________________.

A

Vestibulocochlear Nerve

80
Q

Some vestibulocochlear nerve axons synapse in the ____________________. Efferent neurons from this nucleus project back to the cochlea, where they regulate the perception of pitch.

A

Superior Olivary Nucleus

81
Q

Axons from the CN VIII synapse in the ______________________.

A

Medulla Oblongata

82
Q

Neurons from the medulla oblongata project axons to the ____________________, where they synapse.

A

Inferior Colliculi

83
Q

Is involved in evaluating the position of the head relative to gravity and detecting linear acceleration and deceleration.

A

Static Labyrinth

84
Q

The utricle and saccule in the inner ear contain ________________.

A

Maculae

85
Q

The ampulla of each semicircular canal contains the ________________.

A

Crista Ampullaris

Integumentary System & Special Senses (2 decks)

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