Special Senses Flashcards
1
Q
List of SENSORY ONLY:
A
CN I, II & VIII
2
Q
List of PURELY MOTOR:
A
CN III, IV, VI, XI, & XII
3
Q
List of MIXED CN:
A
CN V, VII, IX, & X
4
Q
Cranial Nerves related to GUSTATION:
A
CN VII, IX, & X
5
Q
Cranial Nerve for Smell
A
Olfactory
6
Q
Cranial Nerve for Vision
A
Optic
7
Q
Motor to 4 of 6 extrinsic eye muscles and upper eyelid.
A
Oculomotor
8
Q
Motor to one extrinsic eye muscle (Superior Oblique).
A
Trochlear
9
Q
Sensory to face and teeth; chewing.
A
Trigeminal
10
Q
Motor to one extrinsic eye muscle (Lateral Rectus).
A
Abducens
11
Q
Motor to muscles of facial expression.
A
Facial
12
Q
Hearing and Balance
A
Vestibulocochlear
13
Q
Taste and touch of the tongue. Motor to pharyngeal muscles.
A
Glossopharyngeal
14
Q
Sensory to pharynx, larynx, and viscera. Motor to palate, pharynx, and larynx.
A
Vagus
15
Q
Motor to 2 neck and upper back muscles.
A
Accessory
16
Q
Motor to tongue muscles.
A
Hypoglossal
17
Q
What are the 5 special senses?
A
Smell, Taste, Vision, Hearing, and Balance
18
Q
The olfactory region is lined with a specialized epithelium.
A
Olfactory Bulb
19
Q
The ____ of the olfactory neurons synapse with secondary of the olfactory bulbs.
A
axons
20
Q
The dendrites of olfactory neurons extend to the epithelial surface of the nasal cavity, and their ends are modified into bulbous enlargements.
A
Olfactory Vesicles
21
Q
These vesicles cilia lie in a thin mucous film on the epithelial surface.
A
Olfactory Hairs
22
Q
Airborne molecules that bind to odorant receptor molecules of the olfactory hair membranes.
A
Odorants
23
Q
Sensory structures that detect taste stimuli, or gustatory stimuli.
A
Taste Buds
24
Q
4 Major types of Papillae:
A
Filiform, Fungiform, Circumvallate, and Foliate
25
Bumps in your tongue.
Papillae
26
These are the most numerous papillae seen on the surface of the tongue and are hair-like or thread-like in appearance projecting out of the tongue and are seen on the front two-thirds of the tongue.
Filiform Papillae
27
These are fungus like papillae having dome-shaped structures projecting above the surface of the tongue.
Fungiform Papillae
28
Also called as Vallate Papillae which are dome-shaped structures located anterior to the foramen cecum and sulcus terminalis.
Circumvallate Papillae
29
These papillae are located just in front of the V of vallate papillae, they are clustered into two groups on each side of the tongue.
Foliate Papillae
30
Two cell types, which are non-sensory cells.
Basal and Supporting Cells
31
Substances that are dissolved in saliva, enter the taste pores, and by various mechanisms, cause the taste cells to depolarize.
Tastants
32
A branch of the CN VII, transmits taste sensations from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue, except from the vallate papillae.
Chorda Tympani
33
Are a collection of hairs superior to the orbits. This prevents perspiration from running down the forehead and into the eyes and irritating them.
Eyebrows
34
With their associated lashes, they protect the eyes from foreign objects.
Eyelids/Palpebrae
35
The space between the two eyelids are called ___________.
Palpebral Fissure
36
The angles where the two eyelids join at the medial and lateral margins of the eye are called ____________.
Canthi
37
The medial canthus contains a small, reddish-pink mound called the __________, which houses some modified sebaceous and sweat glands.
Caruncle
38
Are attached as a double or triple row of hairs to the free edges of the eyelids.
Eyelashes
39
Are modified sweat glands that open into the follicles of the eyelashes to keep them lubricated.
Ciliary Glands
40
Are sebaceous glands near the inner margins of the eyelids; they produce sebum, which lubricates the eyelids and restrains tears from flowing over the margins of the eyelids.
Meibomian Glands/Tarsal Glands
41
It is a thin, transparent mucous membrane associated with the eyelids and the exposed areas of the eye.
Conjunctiva
42
It covers the inner surface of the eyelids.
Palpebral Conjunctiva
43
It covers the anterior white surface of the eye.
Bulbar conjunctiva
44
Consists of a lacrimal gland situated in the superolateral corner of the orbit and a nasolacrimal duct beginning in the inferomedial corner of the orbit.
Lacrimal Apparatus
45
It is innervated by parasympathetic fibers from the CN VII (Facial).
Lacrimal Gland
46
The gland produces tears, which leave the gland through several __________ and pass over the anterior surface of the eyeball.
Lacrimal Ducts
47
Excess tears are collected in the medial corner of the eye by the ______________.
Lacrimal Canaliculi
48
The upper and lower eyelids each have a punctum located on a small lump called ____________________.
Lacrimal Papilla
49
It is the outer layer of the eyeball. It contains the sclera and the cornea.
Fibrous Tunic
50
It is the posterior four-fifths of the eyeball. It is a white connective tissue that maintains the shape of the eyeball and provides a site for muscle attachment.
Sclera
51
It is the anterior one-fifth of the eye. It is transparent and refracts light that enters the eye.
Cornea
52
It is the middle layer of the eyeball.
Vascular Tunic
53
It is a smooth muscle regulated by the ANS. It controls the amount of the light entering the pupil.
Iris
54
It controls the shape of the lens. They are smooth muscles regulated by the ANS. The ciliary process produces aqueous humor.
Ciliary Muscles
55
It is the nervous tunic of the eyeball and contains neurons sensitive to light.
Retina
56
It is the area of greatest acuity.
Fovea Centralis
57
It is the location through which nerves exit and blood vessels enter the eye. It has no photosensory cells and is therefore the blind spot of our eye.
Optic Disc
58
It is held in place by the suspensory ligaments, which are attached to the ciliary muscles.
Lens
59
It is responsible for most of the convergence, whereas the lens can adjust the focal point by changing shape.
Cornea
60
Relaxation of the ciliary muscles causes the lens to flatten into its resting position.
Emmetropia
61
Contraction of the ciliary muscles causes the lens to become more spherical. This change in lens shape enables the eye to focus on objects that are nearby.
Accommodation
62
Are responsible for vision in low illumination (night vision).
Rods
63
A pigment called ___________ is split by light into retinal and opsin, producing hyperpolarization in the rod.
Rhodopsin
64
Are responsible for color vision and visual activity.
Cones
65
Most visual images are focused on the _____________, which has a very high concentration of cones.
Fovea Centralis
66
The rods and cones synapse with bipolar cells, which in turn synapse with ganglion cells.
Optic Nerves
67
Consists of the auricle and the external auditory canal.
External Ear
68
Connects the external and inner ears.
Middle Ear
69
It is stretched across the external auditory canal.
Tympanic Membrane
70
It connects the tympanic membrane to the oval window of the inner ear.
Malleus, Incus, and Stapes
71
This connects the middle ear to the pharynx and equalizes pressure.
Auditory Tube
72
The ____________ of the inner ear is a canal system within the temporal bone that connects perilymph and the membranous labyrinth.
Bony Labyrinth
73
____________ is inside the membranous labyrinth.
Endolymph
74
The ___________ is a spiral-shaped canal within the temporal bone.
Cochlea
75
The spiral organ consists of __________ and __________ that attach to the tectorial membrane.
inner and outer hair cells
76
The scala vestibuli and scala tympani contain ___________.
Perilymph
77
The cochlear duct contains ___________ and the ____________.
endolymph, spiral organ
78
Movement of the basilar membrane causes bending of the _______________ of inner cells in the spiral organ.
Stereocilia
79
Depolarization causes the release of glutamate, generating action potentials in the ______________________.
Vestibulocochlear Nerve
80
Some vestibulocochlear nerve axons synapse in the ____________________. Efferent neurons from this nucleus project back to the cochlea, where they regulate the perception of pitch.
Superior Olivary Nucleus
81
Axons from the CN VIII synapse in the ______________________.
Medulla Oblongata
82
Neurons from the medulla oblongata project axons to the ____________________, where they synapse.
Inferior Colliculi
83
Is involved in evaluating the position of the head relative to gravity and detecting linear acceleration and deceleration.
Static Labyrinth
84
The utricle and saccule in the inner ear contain ________________.
Maculae
85
The ampulla of each semicircular canal contains the ________________.
Crista Ampullaris
