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Integumentary System & Special Senses > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

It includes the skin and accessory structures such as hair, glands, and nails.

A

Integumentary System

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2
Q

It is a superficial layer of the skin with stratified squamous epithelial tissue.

A

Epidermis

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3
Q

It is the layer of connective tissue, responsible for the strength of the skin.

A

Dermis

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4
Q

Cells the produce a protein mixture called keratin which makes cells more durable, constantly lost at the surface.

A

Keratinocytes

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5
Q

Produces the pigment melanin that contributes to skin color.

A

Melanocytes

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6
Q

It is part of the immune system.

A

Langerhans Cells/Dendritic Cells

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7
Q

Specialized epidermal cells associated with the nerve endings responsible for detecting light touch and pressure.

A

Merkel Cells/Tactile Epithelial Cells

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8
Q

A burn where only the surface of the epidermis is affected.

A

First-degree

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9
Q

A burn with a deeper injury and causes blistering.

A

Second-degree

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10
Q

Burns involve all the layers of the skin.

A

Third-degree

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11
Q

Burns extend into the muscle and bone.

A

Fourth-degree

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12
Q

It is the cells that accumulate the keratin and produce an outer layer of dead, hard cells that resists abrasion and forms a permeability barrier.

A

Keratinization

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13
Q

It is the most superficial stratum of the epidermis that provides structural strength due to keratin within the cells.

A

Stratum Corneum

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14
Q

Three to five layers of dead cells; appears transparent; present in thick skin, absent in most thin skin.

A

Stratum Lucidum

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15
Q

Two to five layers of flattened, diamond-shaped cells.

A

Stratum Granulosum

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16
Q

A total of 8-10 layers of many-sided cells that produces keratin fibers; lamellar bodies form inside keratinocytes.

A

Stratum Spinosum

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17
Q

It is the deepest stratum of the epidermis single layer of cuboidal or columnar cells; basement membrane of the epidermis attaches to the dermis.

A

Stratum Basale

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18
Q

Skin with five epithelial strata and multiple corneum layers.

A

Thick Skin

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19
Q

Skin wherein lucidum is generally absent, with each strata usually with fewer layers, where hair is found.

A

Thin Skin

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20
Q

It is a group of pigments responsible for hair, skin, and eye color which provides protection against UVL, and produced by melanocytes.

A

Melanin

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21
Q

It is a type of protein fibers of ECM (extracellular matrix)

A

Collagen

22
Q

It is a papillae project toward the epidermis; loose connective tissue. Brings blood vessels close to the epidermis; dermal papillae form fingerprints and footprints.

A

Papillary Layer

23
Q

Mat of collagen and elastic fibers; dense irregular connective tissue. It is the main part of the dermis; strong in many directions; forms cleavage lines.

A

Reticular Layer

24
Q

Attaches to the skin to underlying bone and muscle and supplies the skin with blood vessels and nerves.

A

Subcutaneous Tissue

25
Q

Found everywhere except for palms, soles, lips, nipples, parts of the external genitalia and distal segments of fingers and toes.

A

Hair

26
Q

Part of the hair that is above the surface.

A

Shaft

27
Q

Part of the hair below the surface with the base called the “bulb.”

A

Root

28
Q

Tube-like invagination of the epidermis into the dermis, where hair develops and grows.

A

Hair Follicle

29
Q

Active phase in which hair follicles takes on its onion-like shape and works to produce hair fiber.

A

Anagen

30
Q

Follicles undergoes apoptois-driven regression and loses 1/6th of its standard diameter.

A

Catagen

31
Q

Follicle becomes dormant and growth hair shaft does not occur.

A

Telogen

32
Q

Extension of the telogen phase (losing 50-100 hairs/day is normal)

A

Exogen

33
Q

Smooth muscle cells associated with each hair follicle. Positioned at an oblique angle to the surface of the skin so when the muscle contracts, the follicle is pulled into a perpendicular position.

A

Arrector Pili

34
Q

Alveolar glands that produce sebum (rich in lipids) and classified as holocrine glands; prevents against some bacteria.

A

Sebaceous Glands

35
Q

Simple, coiled, tubular that open directly onto the surface through sweat pores.

A

Eccrine

36
Q

Found in the axillae, genitalia, and around the anus, do not help with thermoregulation, secrete organic substances that are metabolized by bacteria that produces body odor.

A

Apocrine

37
Q

Eccrine glands found in the ear canal. Cerumen (ear wax) protects the ear drum from dirt and insects.

A

Ceruminous Glands

38
Q

Modified apocrine located in the breast, produces milk.

A

Mammary Glands

39
Q

Thin plate consisting of layers of dead stratum corneum cells with hard keratin.

A

Nails

40
Q

Where the nail fold grows into the nail body.

A

Cuticle/Eponychium

41
Q

Located beneath the free edge of the nail body.

A

Hyponychium

42
Q

Composed of epithelial tissue that gives rise to the cells that form the cell.

A

Nail matrix and bed

43
Q

It is a physiology that protects the body from mechanical damage, first line of defense against microorganisms, absorbs UVL, and reduces water loss.

A

Protection

44
Q

Physiology that dendritic cells engulf foreign invaders and migrate to lymph nodes and triggers and immune response

A

Physical and Immune Barriers

45
Q

Skin secretions creates an acid mantle (low pH property). Contains dermcidin in sebum that kills many bacteria outright.

A

Chemical Barrier

46
Q

Receptors in the skin can detect pain, heat, cold, and pressure. The dermis and deeper tissues contain pain, heat, cold, touch, and pressure receptors.

A

Sensation

47
Q

Body temperature is affected by blood flow through the skin. When blood cells in the dermis dilate, more warm blood flows from deeper structures to the skin, and heat loss increases.

A

Temperature Regulation

48
Q

After exposure to UVL, it is converted to cholecalciferol then released to the blood and modified by liver and kidneys.

A

Vitamin D Production

49
Q

Stimulates the uptake of calcium and phosphate from the small intestine.

A

Vitamin D

50
Q

It is the removal of waste products from the body. In addition to water and salts, sweat contains a small amount of waste products, including urea, uric acid, and ammonia.

A

Excretion

Integumentary System & Special Senses (2 decks)

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