special senses

Question 1

sclera

Answer 1

the white outer layer of the eyeball. At the front of the eye it is continuous with the cornea.

Question 2

retina

Answer 2

a layer of photoreceptors cells and glial cells within the eye that captures incoming photons and transmits them along neuronal pathways as both electrical and chemical signals for the brain to perceive a visual picture

Question 3

iris

Answer 3

the colored part of the eye that surrounds the pupil. It regulates the amount of light that enters the eye

Question 4

lens

Answer 4

The lens is a clear part of the eye behind the iris that helps to focus light and images on the retina.

Question 5

aqueous humor

Answer 5

the clear fluid filling the space in the front of the eyeball between the lens and the cornea.

Question 6

macula latea

Answer 6

light rays from that object are focused on the macula lutea. This is a yellow oval spot at the center of the retina (back of the eye). It is the part of the retina that is responsible for sharp, detailed central vision (also called visual acuity)

Question 7

optic nerve

Answer 7

second cranial nerve (CN II) responsible for transmitting visual informationoptic nerve

Question 8

choroid

Answer 8

the pigmented vascular layer of the eyeball between the retina and the sclera.

Question 9

cornea

Answer 9

the outermost, clear layer of the eye, immediately anterior to the anterior chamber, iris, and pupil

Question 10

pupil

Answer 10

the opening at the center of the iris through which light passes.

Question 11

ciliary body

Answer 11

the part of the eye that connects the iris to the choroid. It consists of the ciliary muscle

Question 12

vitreous humor

Answer 12

the transparent gelatinous tissue filling the eyeball behind the lens.

Question 13

optic disc

Answer 13

the location where ganglion cell axons exit the eye to form the optic nerve. There are no light sensitive rods or cones to respond to a light stimulus at this point. This causes a break in the visual field called “the blind spot” or the “physiological blind spot”.

Question 14

auricle

Answer 14

a structure resembling an ear or earlobe. (outer ear)

Question 15

tympanic membrane

Answer 15

(eardrum) is a thin, circular layer of tissue that separates your outer ear from your middle ear

Question 16

incus

Answer 16

a small anvil-shaped bone in the middle ear, transmitting vibrations between the malleus and stapes. (middle ear)

Question 17

cochlea

Answer 17

the spiral cavity of the inner ear containing the organ of Corti, which produces nerve impulses in response to sound vibrations.

Question 18

vestiuble

Answer 18

the central part of the bony labyrinth. It is separated from the middle ear by the oval window, and communicates anteriorly with the cochlea and posteriorly with the semi-circular canals.

Question 19

auditory tube

Answer 19

a part bony, part fibrocartilaginous tube which connects the middle ear with the nasopharynx. It is also known as the pharyngotympanic tube.

Question 20

external auditory canal

Answer 20

an S- shaped osseo-cartilaginous structure that extends from the auricle to the tympanic membrane.

Question 21

malleus

Answer 21

a small bone in the middle ear which transmits vibrations of the eardrum to the incus.

Question 22

stapes

Answer 22

a small stirrup-shaped bone in the middle ear, transmitting vibrations from the incus to the inner ear.

Question 23

semicircular canals

Answer 23

three tiny, fluid-filled tubes in the inner ear that help you keep your balance.

Question 24

vestibulocochlear nerve

Answer 24

each of the eighth pair of cranial nerves, conveying sensory impulses from the organs of hearing and balance in the inner ear to the brain. The vestibulocochlear nerve on each side branches into the vestibular nerve and the cochlear nerve.

Question 25

how does sound go into the ear

Answer 25

Auricle, external auditory canal, tympanic membrane, malleus, incus, stapes, scales, vestibules, cochlea

Question 26

how is vision transmitted

Answer 26

Cornea, anterior segment, pupil, lens, optic disc, optic nerve, vitreous humor, retina,