special senses

Question 1

what part of the body that has a 70% sensory receptor

Answer 1

eyes

Question 2

 Meet at the medial and lateral commissure (canthus)

Answer 2

eyelids

Question 3

Tarsal glands produce an oily secretion that lubricates
the eye

Answer 3

eyelashes

Question 4

located between the eyelashes

Answer 4

ciliary glands

Question 5

Membrane that lines the eyelids and eyeball
 Connects with the transparent cornea
 Secretes mucus to lubricate the eye and keep it moist

Answer 5

Conjunctiva

Question 6

—produces lacrimal fluid (tears);
situated on lateral end of each eye

Answer 6

Lacrimal glands

Question 7

tears contain??

Answer 7

Dilute salt solution
 Mucus
 Antibodies
 Lysozyme (enzyme that destroys bacteria)

Question 8

Cleanse, protect, moisten, lubricate the eye

Answer 8

Tears

Question 9

moves eye laterally

Answer 9

lateral rectus

Question 10

moves eye medially

Answer 10

medial rectus

Question 11

elevates the eye and turn int medially

Answer 11

superior rectus

Question 12

depresses eye and turn it medially

Answer 12

inferior rectus

Question 13

elevates the eye and turns it laterally

Answer 13

inferior oblique

Question 14

depresses eye and turn it laterally

Answer 14

superior oblique

Question 15

Three layers, or tunics, form the wall of the eyeball

Answer 15

Fibrous layer: outside layer
 Vascular layer: middle layer
 Sensory layer: inside layer

Question 16

are fluids that fill the interior of the eyeball

Answer 16

humors

Question 17

divides the eye into two chambers

Answer 17

lens

Question 18

White connective tissue layer
 Seen anteriorly as the ―white of the eye‖

Answer 18

Sclera

Question 19

Transparent, central anterior portion
 Allows for light to pass through
 Repairs itself easily
 The only human tissue that can be transplanted without
fear of rejection

Answer 19

cornea

Question 20

s a blood-rich nutritive layer that contains a
pigment (prevents light from scattering)

Answer 20

choriod

Question 21

regulates amount of light entering eye
 Pigmented layer that gives eye color

Answer 21

iris

Question 22

round opening in the iris

Answer 22

pupil

Question 23

Outer pigmented layer absorbs light and prevents it
from scattering. Inner neural layer contains receptor cells
(photoreceptors)

Answer 23

retina

Question 24

Most are found toward the edges of the retina
 Allow vision in dim light and peripheral vision
 All perception is in gray tones

Answer 24

rods

Question 25

Allow for detailed color vision
 Densest in the center of the retina
 Fovea centralis–lateral to blind spot

Answer 25

cones

Question 26

Flexible, biconvex crystal-like structure
 Held in place by a suspensory ligament attached to the
ciliary body

Answer 26

lens

Question 27

Anterior to the lens
 Contains aqueous humor, a clear, watery fluid

Answer 27

Anterior (aqueous) segment

Question 28

Posterior to the lens
 Contains vitreous humor, a gel-like substance

Answer 28

Posterior (vitreous) segment

Question 29

Watery fluid found between lens and cornea
 Similar to blood plasma
 Helps maintain intraocular pressure
 Provides nutrients for the lens and cornea
 Reabsorbed into venous blood through the scleral
venous sinus, or canal of Schlemm

Answer 29

Aqueous humor

Question 30

Gel-like substance posterior to the lens
 Prevents the eye from collapsing
 Helps maintain intraocular pressure

Answer 30

vetreous humor

Question 31

Instrument used to illuminate the interior of the eyeball
and fundus (posterior wall)
 Can detect diabetes, arteriosclerosis, degeneration of
the optic nerve and retina

Answer 31

Ophthalmoscope

Question 32

– eye focuses images correctly on the retina

Answer 32

Emmetropia

Question 33

Distant objects appear blurry
 Light from those objects fails to reach the retina and
are focused in front of it
 Results from an eyeball that is too long

Answer 33

Myopia (nearsightedness)

Question 34

 Near objects are blurry, whereas distant objects are
clear
 Distant objects are focused behind the retina
 Results from an eyeball that is too short or from a ―lazy
len

Answer 34

 Hyperopia (farsightedness)

Question 35

Images are blurry
 Results from light focusing as lines, not points, on the
retina because of unequal curvatures of the cornea or
lens

Answer 35

Astigmatism

Question 36

reflexive movement of the eyes medially
when we focus on a close object

Answer 36

Convergence

Question 37

bright light causes pupils to
constrict

Answer 37

Photopupillary reflex

Question 38

viewing close objects
causes pupils to constrict

Answer 38

Accommodation pupillary reflex

Question 39

Auricle (pinna)
 External acoustic meatus (auditory canal), collecting sounds

Answer 39

External (outer) ear

Question 40

Air-filled, mucosa-lined cavity within the temporal bone
 Involved only in the sense of hearing
 Located between tympanic membrane and oval
window and round window

Answer 40

 Middle ear cavity (tympanic cavity)

Question 41

Links middle ear cavity with the throat
 Equalizes pressure in the middle ear cavity so the
eardrum can vibrate

Answer 41

Pharyngotympanic tube (auditory tube)

Question 42

Three bones (ossicles) span the cavity

Answer 42

Malleus (hammer)
2. Incus (anvil)
3. Stapes (stirrup)

Question 43

Includes sense organs for hearing and balance

Answer 43

 Internal (inner) ear

Question 44

Equilibrium receptors of the inner ear are called
the

Answer 44

vestibular apparatus

Question 45

receptors in the vestibule
 Report on the position of the head
 Help us keep our head erect

Answer 45

Maculae

Question 46

Responds to angular or rotational movements of the
head
 Located in the ampulla of each semicircular canal
 Tuft of hair cells covered with cupula

Answer 46

Crista ampullaris

Question 47

Stimulated by chemicals in solution
 Taste has five types of receptors
 Smell can differentiate a wider range of chemicals

Answer 47

Chemoreceptors

Question 48

are the taste receptors

Answer 48

Gustatory