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The Mediverse 3💫 > Special Senses > Flashcards

Special Senses Flashcards

1
Q

________________ is the organ of hearing

A

The ear

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2
Q

The ear is innervated by what nerve?

A

Cranial nerve 8 (Vestibulocochlear/Auditory nerve)

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3
Q

The ear is divided into 3 distinct parts; ____________, ____________, and _______________

A

Outer ear
Middle ear
Inner ear

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4
Q

The outer ear consists of the _________ and ___________

A

Pinna/Auricle
External acoustic meatus

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5
Q

What part of the ear possesses hair follicles and glands that secrete Cerumen?

A

External acoustic meatus/Auditory canal

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6
Q

The middle ear is otherwise known as the ______________

A

Tympanic cavity

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7
Q

The middle ear is line with either _____________ or _____________ epithelium

A

Simple squamous
Simple cuboidal

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8
Q

The lateral wall of the middle ear is formed by _______________

A

The tympanic membrane

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9
Q

The posterior wall, roof, and floor of the middle ear are formed by ______________

A

The temporal bone

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10
Q

The medial wall of the middle ear is formed by ________________

A

Thin sheet of temporal bone with two openings;
The oval window
The round window

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11
Q

The middle ear consists of 3 bones and a tube called __________________

A

Malleus/Hammer
Incus/Anvil
Stapes/Stirrup
Eustachian/Pharyngotympanic tube

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12
Q

What is the function of the Eustachian tube?

A

It maintains atmospheric pressure on both sides of the tympanic membrane

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13
Q

The Eustachian tube is line by ___________ epithelium

A

Ciliated Columnar

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14
Q

The smallest of the auditory ossicles is the __________

A

Stapes

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15
Q

Which auditory ossicle makes direct contact with the tympanic membrane?

A

Malleus

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16
Q

The joint formed between the head of the malleus and the incus is called ____________

A

Incudomalleolar joint

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17
Q

The joint formed between the long process of the incus and the stapes is called __________________

A

Incudostapedial joint

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18
Q

What part of the ear is known to contain organs of hearing and balance?

A

The Inner ear

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19
Q

The inner ear is made up of three main parts; ____________, _____________, and _______________

A

Vestibules
Semicircular canals
Cochlea

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20
Q

_______________ part of the inner ear is nearest to the middle ear

A

The vestibules

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21
Q

_______________ are three tubes arranged in the inner ear in a way that each one is situated in each plane of space

A

The semicircular canals

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22
Q

The semicircular canals are continuous with the vestibules.
True/False

A

True

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23
Q

______________ is a snailshell-shaped organ in the inner ear responsible for hearing

A

The cochlea

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24
Q

The vestibular apparatus is largely responsible for ________________

A

Balance

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25
Compensatory actions triggered by the brain-stem to maintain stability or re-establish equilibrium are known as ________________
Vestibular reflexes
26
The vestibular reflex that controls eye muscles to keep visual objects in focus while the head is moving is called __________________
Vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR)
27
The vestibular reflex that activates body muscles when it senses a potential loss off balance to keep the body from falling is called __________________
Vestibulo-spinal reflex (VSR)
28
__________, ____________, and _____________ are vestibular sensory organs
Saccules Utricles Semicircular canals
29
What vestibular organ senses rotational movements?
The semicircular canals
30
What vestibular organ is sensitive to horizontal motion?
Utricles
31
What vestibular organ is sensitive to vertical motion?
Saccules
32
The utricles and saccules are collectively called _____________
Otholitic organs
33
The calcium carbonate crystals found in the gel-like layer of the saccules and utricles are otherwise called ______________
Ear rocks/Otoconia
34
A thin semi-transparent membrane that separates the outer and middle ear
Tympanic membrane
35
The tympanic membrane is _____mm thick and _____mm in diameter
1mm thick 8-10mm in diameter
36
The tympanic membrane is positioned at an angle of _______ degrees
55 degrees
37
The two parts of the tympanic membrane are __________ and ____________
Pars tensa Pars flaccida
38
__________ part of the tympanic membrane forms most of the membrane
Pars tensa
39
The pars flaccida is also known as ____________
Shrapnell's membrane
40
The tympanic membrane possesses two surfaces; ____________and ____________
Concave surface Convex surface
41
The area of maximum convexity in the tympanic membrane is called the _____________
Umbo
42
The tympanic membrane has three layers; _____________, _____________, and ____________
Outer cuticular layer Intermediate fibrous layer Inner mucous layer
43
The auditory ossicles are arranged from the _____________ to __________________
Tympanic membrane to The oval window
44
What is the function of the ossicular system?
Transmit and amplify air vibrations into the inner ear to be processed as electrical impulses.
45
On getting to the inner ear, air vibrations have been amplified to _______ times the original by the outer and middle ear. A. 27 B. 40 C. 22 D. 43 E. 20
C. 22 times
46
_______________ and _____________ muscles dampen the movement of the auditory ossicles to avoid ear damage by loud noises
Tensor Tympani muscle Stapedius muscle
47
Muscle that pulls on the malleus and tenses the tympanic membrane to reduce the amplitude of its oscillation
Tensor Tympani
48
Muscle that inserts in the stapes and pulls it posteriorly to reduce the amplitude of vibrations transmitted to the oval window
Stapedius
49
Condition that causes fluid build-up which can restrict ossicle movement
Otitis media
50
Condition characterized by Increased bone growth in middle ear leading to fused ossicles and progressive hearing loss
Otosclerosis
51
Condition characterized by increased sensitivity to sound caused by damaged facial nerve which supplies stapedius muscle
Hyperacusis
52
Hair cells in the cochlea are divided into _____ outer and _____ inner hair cells
3 outer 1 inner
53
Which of the hair cells is the true auditory receptor cell?
Inner hair cell
54
The hair cells of the cochlea are found within _____________
The organ of corti
55
The cochlea is made up of _______________ A. 4 tubes separated by 3 membranes B. 3 tubes separated by 1 membrane C. 2 tubes separated by no membranes D. 3 tubes separated by 2 membranes E. 3 tubes separated by no membranes
D. 3 tubes separated by 2 membranes
56
A tube in the cochlea by which vibrations travel to the apex is called ________________
Scala Vestibuli
57
_________________ is an endolymph filled tube in the cochlea
The cochlea duct
58
A tube in the cochlea by which vibrations travel to the base is called ________________
Scala Tympani
59
The scala vestibuli and scala tympani are filled with _______________
Perilymph
60
The membrane that separates the scala vestibuli from the cochlea duct is referred to as ________________
Vestibular membrane
61
Reissner's membrane is another name for _____________
Vestibular membrane
62
The membrane that separates the scala tympani from the cochlea duct is referred to as ________________
Basilar membrane
63
At the base of the cochlea, the basilar membrane ______________ in elasticity, wideness and flexibility A. Increases B. Decreases C. Remains uniform
B. Decreases
64
Higher frequencies of sound are registered at the __________ A. Base B. Apex
A. Base
65
Humans have a hearing range of _____ to ______Hz
20 to 20,000HZ
66
Humans are most sensitive to _______________ frequencies A. 2000 to 5000 Hz B. 3500 to 7000 Hz C. 2700 to 5500 Hz D. 2200 to 6000 Hz
A. 2000 to 5000 HZ
67
Condition caused by accumulation of endolymphatic fluid within the cochlea leading to vertigo, tinnitus and hearing loss
Meniere disease
68
What are the three types of hearing loss?
Conductive hearing loss Sensorineural hearing loss Mixed hearing loss
69
Damage to the outer or middle ear could lead to what type of hearing loss?
Conductive hearing loss
70
Damage to the inner ear or nerves could lead to what type of hearing loss?
Sensorineural hearing loss
71
Hearing loss to both ears is called _____________ as hearing loss to one ear is called ___________
Bilateral hearing loss Unilateral hearing loss

The Mediverse 3💫 (7 decks)

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