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The Mediverse 3💫 > Special Senses > Flashcards

Special Senses Flashcards

1
Q

________________ is the organ of hearing

A

The ear

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2
Q

The ear is innervated by what nerve?

A

Cranial nerve 8 (Vestibulocochlear/Auditory nerve)

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3
Q

The ear is divided into 3 distinct parts; ____________, ____________, and _______________

A

Outer ear
Middle ear
Inner ear

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4
Q

The outer ear consists of the _________ and ___________

A

Pinna/Auricle
External acoustic meatus

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5
Q

What part of the ear possesses hair follicles and glands that secrete Cerumen?

A

External acoustic meatus/Auditory canal

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6
Q

The middle ear is otherwise known as the ______________

A

Tympanic cavity

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7
Q

The middle ear is line with either _____________ or _____________ epithelium

A

Simple squamous
Simple cuboidal

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8
Q

The lateral wall of the middle ear is formed by _______________

A

The tympanic membrane

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9
Q

The posterior wall, roof, and floor of the middle ear are formed by ______________

A

The temporal bone

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10
Q

The medial wall of the middle ear is formed by ________________

A

Thin sheet of temporal bone with two openings;
The oval window
The round window

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11
Q

The middle ear consists of 3 bones and a tube called __________________

A

Malleus/Hammer
Incus/Anvil
Stapes/Stirrup
Eustachian/Pharyngotympanic tube

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12
Q

What is the function of the Eustachian tube?

A

It maintains atmospheric pressure on both sides of the tympanic membrane

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13
Q

The Eustachian tube is line by ___________ epithelium

A

Ciliated Columnar

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14
Q

The smallest of the auditory ossicles is the __________

A

Stapes

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15
Q

Which auditory ossicle makes direct contact with the tympanic membrane?

A

Malleus

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16
Q

The joint formed between the head of the malleus and the incus is called ____________

A

Incudomalleolar joint

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17
Q

The joint formed between the long process of the incus and the stapes is called __________________

A

Incudostapedial joint

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18
Q

What part of the ear is known to contain organs of hearing and balance?

A

The Inner ear

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19
Q

The inner ear is made up of three main parts; ____________, _____________, and _______________

A

Vestibules
Semicircular canals
Cochlea

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20
Q

_______________ part of the inner ear is nearest to the middle ear

A

The vestibules

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21
Q

_______________ are three tubes arranged in the inner ear in a way that each one is situated in each plane of space

A

The semicircular canals

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22
Q

The semicircular canals are continuous with the vestibules.
True/False

A

True

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23
Q

______________ is a snailshell-shaped organ in the inner ear responsible for hearing

A

The cochlea

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24
Q

The vestibular apparatus is largely responsible for ________________

A

Balance

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25
Q

Compensatory actions triggered by the brain-stem to maintain stability or re-establish equilibrium are known as ________________

A

Vestibular reflexes

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26
Q

The vestibular reflex that controls eye muscles to keep visual objects in focus while the head is moving is called __________________

A

Vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR)

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27
Q

The vestibular reflex that activates body muscles when it senses a potential loss off balance to keep the body from falling is called __________________

A

Vestibulo-spinal reflex (VSR)

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28
Q

__________, ____________, and _____________ are vestibular sensory organs

A

Saccules
Utricles
Semicircular canals

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29
Q

What vestibular organ senses rotational movements?

A

The semicircular canals

30
Q

What vestibular organ is sensitive to horizontal motion?

A

Utricles

31
Q

What vestibular organ is sensitive to vertical motion?

A

Saccules

32
Q

The utricles and saccules are collectively called _____________

A

Otholitic organs

33
Q

The calcium carbonate crystals found in the gel-like layer of the saccules and utricles are otherwise called ______________

A

Ear rocks/Otoconia

34
Q

A thin semi-transparent membrane that separates the outer and middle ear

A

Tympanic membrane

35
Q

The tympanic membrane is _____mm thick and _____mm in diameter

A

1mm thick
8-10mm in diameter

36
Q

The tympanic membrane is positioned at an angle of _______ degrees

A

55 degrees

37
Q

The two parts of the tympanic membrane are __________ and ____________

A

Pars tensa
Pars flaccida

38
Q

__________ part of the tympanic membrane forms most of the membrane

A

Pars tensa

39
Q

The pars flaccida is also known as ____________

A

Shrapnell’s membrane

40
Q

The tympanic membrane possesses two surfaces; ____________and ____________

A

Concave surface
Convex surface

41
Q

The area of maximum convexity in the tympanic membrane is called the _____________

A

Umbo

42
Q

The tympanic membrane has three layers; _____________, _____________, and ____________

A

Outer cuticular layer
Intermediate fibrous layer
Inner mucous layer

43
Q

The auditory ossicles are arranged from the _____________ to __________________

A

Tympanic membrane to The oval window

44
Q

What is the function of the ossicular system?

A

Transmit and amplify air vibrations into the inner ear to be processed as electrical impulses.

45
Q

On getting to the inner ear, air vibrations have been amplified to _______ times the original by the outer and middle ear.
A. 27
B. 40
C. 22
D. 43
E. 20

A

C. 22 times

46
Q

_______________ and _____________ muscles dampen the movement of the auditory ossicles to avoid ear damage by loud noises

A

Tensor Tympani muscle
Stapedius muscle

47
Q

Muscle that pulls on the malleus and tenses the tympanic membrane to reduce the amplitude of its oscillation

A

Tensor Tympani

48
Q

Muscle that inserts in the stapes and pulls it posteriorly to reduce the amplitude of vibrations transmitted to the oval window

A

Stapedius

49
Q

Condition that causes fluid build-up which can restrict ossicle movement

A

Otitis media

50
Q

Condition characterized by Increased bone growth in middle ear leading to fused ossicles and progressive hearing loss

A

Otosclerosis

51
Q

Condition characterized by increased sensitivity to sound caused by damaged facial nerve which supplies stapedius muscle

A

Hyperacusis

52
Q

Hair cells in the cochlea are divided into _____ outer and _____ inner hair cells

A

3 outer
1 inner

53
Q

Which of the hair cells is the true auditory receptor cell?

A

Inner hair cell

54
Q

The hair cells of the cochlea are found within _____________

A

The organ of corti

55
Q

The cochlea is made up of _______________
A. 4 tubes separated by 3 membranes
B. 3 tubes separated by 1 membrane
C. 2 tubes separated by no membranes
D. 3 tubes separated by 2 membranes
E. 3 tubes separated by no membranes

A

D. 3 tubes separated by 2 membranes

56
Q

A tube in the cochlea by which vibrations travel to the apex is called ________________

A

Scala Vestibuli

57
Q

_________________ is an endolymph filled tube in the cochlea

A

The cochlea duct

58
Q

A tube in the cochlea by which vibrations travel to the base is called ________________

A

Scala Tympani

59
Q

The scala vestibuli and scala tympani are filled with _______________

A

Perilymph

60
Q

The membrane that separates the scala vestibuli from the cochlea duct is referred to as ________________

A

Vestibular membrane

61
Q

Reissner’s membrane is another name for _____________

A

Vestibular membrane

62
Q

The membrane that separates the scala tympani from the cochlea duct is referred to as ________________

A

Basilar membrane

63
Q

At the base of the cochlea, the basilar membrane ______________ in elasticity, wideness and flexibility
A. Increases
B. Decreases
C. Remains uniform

A

B. Decreases

64
Q

Higher frequencies of sound are registered at the __________
A. Base
B. Apex

A

A. Base

65
Q

Humans have a hearing range of _____ to ______Hz

A

20 to 20,000HZ

66
Q

Humans are most sensitive to _______________ frequencies
A. 2000 to 5000 Hz
B. 3500 to 7000 Hz
C. 2700 to 5500 Hz
D. 2200 to 6000 Hz

A

A. 2000 to 5000 HZ

67
Q

Condition caused by accumulation of endolymphatic fluid within the cochlea leading to vertigo, tinnitus and hearing loss

A

Meniere disease

68
Q

What are the three types of hearing loss?

A

Conductive hearing loss
Sensorineural hearing loss
Mixed hearing loss

69
Q

Damage to the outer or middle ear could lead to what type of hearing loss?

A

Conductive hearing loss

70
Q

Damage to the inner ear or nerves could lead to what type of hearing loss?

A

Sensorineural hearing loss

71
Q

Hearing loss to both ears is called _____________ as hearing loss to one ear is called ___________

A

Bilateral hearing loss
Unilateral hearing loss

The Mediverse 3💫 (7 decks)

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