Endocrinology Flashcards
______________________ is a network of glands and organs located throughout the body to maintain its homeostasis.
The endocrine system
What is the major difference between the endocrine system and the nervous system?
The nervous system uses nerve impulses and neurotransmitters for communication.
The endocrine system uses chemical messengers called hormones for communication.
Hormones are secreted by ______________ in the endocrine system, traveling through the blood stream to various organs and tissues.
Glands
_____________, _______________, and _______________ are some body functions controlled by the endocrine system
Metabolism
Appetite
Reproduction and sexual function
Sleep and waking cycles
Temperature
Heart rate
Growth and development
Mention 5 glands of the endocrine system
Pituitary
Pineal
Thymus
Thyroid
Parathyroid
Adrenal
Pancreas
Testes
Hyperthyroidism is characterized by _________________
Excess production of thyroid hormone
Hypothyroidism is characterized by __________________
Insufficient production of thyroid hormone
What is Cushing syndrome?
Condition characterized by high levels of Cortisol.
A condition characterized by low levels of Cortisol and aldosterone production is called ________________
Addison’s Disease
Hypogonadism is characterized by _______________
Lowered production of the sex hormone, Testosterone
Acromegaly is a condition attributed to the excess production of what hormone?
Growth hormone
Low levels of estrogen in females and testosterone in males could lead to an abnormal loss of bone mass or change in bone tissue. The condition is called _____________
Osteoporosis
List 10 hormones of the endocrine system
Growth hormone
Prolactin
Follicle stimulating hormone
Luteinizing hormone
Adenocorticotropic hormone
Thyroid stimulating hormone
Oxytocin
Vasopressin/Anti diuretic hormone
Calcitonin
Aldosterone
Parathyroid hormone
Melatonin
Serotonin
Testosterone
Estrogen
Hormones are divided into two groups _______________ and _______________ based on their chemical structure
Amino acid derived hormones
Lipid derived hormones
Amino acid derived hormones are divided into 3; ________________, ______________, and ________________
Amines
Peptides
Proteins
Lipid derived hormones are further subdivided into __________________
Steroids
Amine hormones are synthesized from amino acids _____________ and _________________
Tryptophan
Thyroid hormone
The group of hormones known as Catecholamines are synthesized from what amino acid?
Thyroid hormone
What hormones make up the Catecholamines?
Epinephrine
Nor-epinephrine
Dopamine
The amine hormone synthesized from tryptophan is ______________
Melatonin
Peptide and protein hormones are synthesized by _____________________
DNA transcription into mRNA and translation into amino acid chain
___________ and ______________ are protein hormones
Growth hormone
Follicle stimulating hormone
Steroids are synthesized from ________________
Cholesterol
Examples of steroid hormones
Reproductive hormones (Estrogen and Testosterone)
Aldosterone
Cortisol
The message a hormone sends is received by a ________________ in the target cell or organ
Hormone receptor
What is a receptor?
A receptor is a protein located inside a cell or within the cell membrane that functions to process hormonal messages.
The secondary messenger mechanism of hormone action involves what type of receptors?
Transmembrane hormone receptors
