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SPECIAL SENSES > SPECIAL SENSE OF HEARING (Hearing Disorders and Hearing Tests) > Flashcards

SPECIAL SENSE OF HEARING (Hearing Disorders and Hearing Tests) Flashcards

Hearing Disorders and Hearing Tests

1
Q

The most common hearing disorders are those that affect _______

A

hearing sensitivity

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2
Q

When a sound is presented to a listener with a hearing sensitivity disorder, one of 2 things may occur and does things are?

A
  1. The listener with a HS disorder may be unable to detect the sound.
  2. The sound will not be as loud to that listener as it would be to a listener with normal hearing.
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3
Q

Under the types of Hearing Disorders.

Hearing disorders can be classified into 3:

A
  1. Nature of the loss
  2. Functional Classification
  3. Cause of Disorder
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4
Q

An Example of NATURE OF THE LOSS Hearing Disorder are?

A

Dysacusia

nb: it means deficit in discrimination or interpretation of sound e.g “Don’t shout, I can hear you just fine. I just can’t understand what you’re saying.”

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5
Q

Dysacusia means

A

Deficit in discrimination or interpretation of sound

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6
Q

An Example of FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION hearing disorder are?

A
  1. CONDUCTIVE
  2. SENSORI - NEURAL
  3. CENTRAL

Two related terms:

  • PERIPHERAL– Not central; i.e., conductive or sensorineural.
  • RETROCOCHLEAR – Disorders involving anatomical structures beyond the cochlea; i.e., 8th N, brain stem, auditory cortex.

NB:
Conductive – Disorders involving the conduction of sound to the cochlea.
Sensori-neural – Disorders involving the cochlea (usually the hair cells) or 8th N.
Central – Disorders affecting the CNS (brain stem or auditory cortex).

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7
Q

Conductive Disorder means

A

Disorders involving the conduction of sound to the cochlea.

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8
Q

Sensori - neural Disorder means

A

Disorders involving the cochlea (usually the hair cells) or 8th N.

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9
Q

Central Disorder means

A

Disorders affecting the CNS (brain stem or auditory cortex).

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10
Q

Peripheral Disorder means

A

Not central disorder; i.e., conductive or sensorineural.

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11
Q

Retrocochlear Disorder means

A

Disorders involving anatomical structures beyond the cochlea; i.e., 8th N, brain stem, auditory cortex.

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12
Q

An Example of CAUSE OR ETIOLOGY of the hearing disorder are?

A
  1. Ototoxic drugs
  2. Noise exposure
  3. Old age (presbycusis)
  4. Otitis media
  5. 8th N tumors
  6. Meniere’s Disease
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13
Q

Conductive hearing disorder can occur in the _____ and ______

A

External and Middle Ear

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14
Q

The Conductive hearing disorder for the external ear involve:

  1. ________
  2. ________
A
  1. Congenital Malformation
  2. Impacted Wax (cerumen)

nb:
1. The most serious Congenital malformation is the CONGENITAL ATRESIA and it is the collapse or closure of the EXTERNAL AUDITORY MEATUS

  1. IMAPCTED WAX results in mild hearing loss; easily treated by removal of the wax.
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15
Q

The Conductive hearing disorder for the Middle ear involve:

  1. ________
  2. ________
  3. ________
A
  1. Otitis Media
  2. Otosclerosis
  3. Cholesteatoma

Nb:
- Otitis Media is the most common cause of conductive hearing loss
it is the accumulation of fluid behind the ear drum
and
- it is the most common health problem in children

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16
Q

The major consequences of are ______ and _____

A

hearing loss and pain

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17
Q

Otitis Media with pain, accumulation of fluid, sometimes fever, etc., is called _____

A

Acute otitis media

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18
Q

If Otitis Media lasts more than 2-3 months, the condition is known as _______

A

Chronic otitis media

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19
Q

When Otitis Media is treated successfully, then returns, then it’s treated, then it returns it is called _____

A

Recurrent Otitis Media

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20
Q

Treatment of Otosclerosis is

A

Stepedectomy (removal of stapes and replacement with an artificial stapes)

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21
Q

Cholesteatoma are ______ that invades the middle ear

A

Cyst

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22
Q

The Sensori - Neural hearing disorder for the Middle ear involve:

A
  1. Ototoxic drugs
  2. Noise exposure
  3. Old age (presbycusis)
  4. Otitis media
  5. 8th N tumors (acoustic neuroma)
  6. Meniere’s Disease
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23
Q

An Example of CAUSE OR ETIOLOGY of the hearing disorder are?

  1. ______ drugs
  2. Noise ______ or NOISE-INDUCED HEARING LOSS
  3. Old age (_________)
  4. Otitis _____
  5. _______ N tumors (acoustic neuroma)
  6. _______ Disease
A
  1. Ototoxic drugs
  2. Noise exposure or NOISE-INDUCED HEARING LOSS
  3. Old age (presbycusis)
  4. Otitis media
  5. 8th N tumors (acoustic neuroma)
  6. Meniere’s Disease
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24
Q

The Sensori - Neural hearing disorder for the Middle ear involve:

  1. ______ drugs
  2. Noise ______ or NOISE-INDUCED HEARING LOSS
  3. Old age (_________)
  4. Otitis _____
  5. _______ N tumors (acoustic neuroma)
  6. _______ Disease
A
  1. Ototoxic drugs
  2. Noise exposure or NOISE-INDUCED HEARING LOSS
  3. Old age (presbycusis)
  4. Otitis media
  5. 8th N tumors (acoustic neuroma)
  6. Meniere’s Disease
25
Q

_______ the most common cause of conductive hearing loss and by far the most common health problem in children

A

Otitis Media

26
Q

The major consequences of Otitis Media are_____

A

hearing loss and pain

27
Q

The key to the Disease process of Otitis Media is that ?

A

pressure can no longer be equalized between the middle ear and the ambient air.

28
Q 
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Begins as a soft, spongy growth of new bone – may appear anywhere in the Middle ear, but most often near the oval window.
 Later hardens (i.e., becomes sclerotic)
A

Otosclerosis

29
Q

In 90% of cases Otosclerosis has NO SYMPTOMS

TRUE OR FALSE

A

TRUE

30
Q

In 10% of individuals with otosclerosis:
the growth of a new bone reduces mobility of stapes, causing a conductive hearing loss

True or False

A

TRUE

31
Q

Otosclerosis is a progressive condition, beginning in childhood. For that unlucky 10%, HL typically begins ______ OR ______

A

in late teens or early 20s.

32
Q

The most common cause of Sensori - Neural Hearing Loss and most common cause of Hearing Loss overall is ?

A

Presbycusis (Hearing loss associated with aging)

33
Q

Presbycusis (Hearing loss associated with aging) can also be the cause of:

A
  1. Sensori - Neural component
  2. conductive component
  3. central component
34
Q

The Sensori - Neural Component of hearing loss associated with Presbycusis (Hearing loss associated with aging) is due to:

A
  1. Hair cell loss
  2. Changes in the elasticity of the basilar membrane
  3. Metabolic changes in the stria vascularis
35
Q

The Conductive Component of hearing loss associated with Presbycusis (Hearing loss associated with aging) is due to:

A
  1. age-related changes in the mobility of tissues in the middle ear.
36
Q

The Central Component of hearing loss associated with Presbycusis (Hearing loss associated with aging) is due to:

A
  1. loss of neurons in the CNS, (related primarily to arteriosclerosis).
37
Q

NOISE-INDUCED HEARING LOSS is a cause of Sensori - Neural Hearing Loss

True or False

A

True

38
Q

High Exposure to High levels of noise can damage Hair Cells and cause Sensori - Neural Hearing Loss

True or False

A

True

39
Q

Two types of Noise exposure or Noise induced hearing loss are:

  1. ______
  2. ______
A
  1. Acoustic Trauma

2. Long Term Noise Exposure (more common)

40
Q 
Acoustic Trauma ( a type of Noise exposure or Noise induced hearing loss) is the 
Injury due to brief exposure to very intense sounds such as gun shots, artillery fire, explosions, etc

True or False

A

True

41
Q

In Acoustic Trauma Hearing Loss may be severe and permanent, but substantial recovery is common.

True or False

A

True

42
Q

In Acoustic Trauma Hearing Loss may be severe and permanent, but substantial recovery is not common.

True or False

A

False

43
Q

Long Term Noise Exposure (a type of Noise exposure or Noise induced hearing loss) is a Damage results from long-term exposure to high levels of noise.
Common in some occupational settings – heavy manufacturing and agriculture being the most common.

True or False

A

True

44
Q

Amount of inner-ear (In long Term Noise Exposure) damage depends on the combination of:

  1. _________
  2. ________
A
  1. Intensity of the noise
  2. Length of exposure

i.e High level intensity x long exposures=Bad news
Low levels intensity x brief exposures=Not so bad news

45
Q

Ototoxic Drugs
can cause Sensori - Neural Hearing Loss

True or False

A

True

46
Q

Some very common drugs such as Aspirin (especially in large doses) can cause hearing loss (and/or tinnitus),

True or False

A

True

47
Q

Some very common drugs such as Aspirin (especially in large doses) CANT cause hearing loss (and/or tinnitus),

True or False

A

False

48
Q

An especially important group of antibiotics are notoriously ototoxic. Examples include:

  1. N__mycin,
  2. Str__mycin
  3. K__mycin
A
  1. Neomycin,
  2. Streptomycin
  3. Kanamycin
49
Q

Four major symptoms of Menieres Disease
:
1. Periodic episodes of _______ (the sensation of spinning) or ______ (the “Meniere’s attack”)

  1. Fluctuating, progressive, _________ hearing loss
  2. Ti__itus

4 A sensation of “f_____” or pressure in the ear

A
  1. Periodic episodes of rotary vertigo (the sensation of spinning) or dizziness (the “Meniere’s attack”)
  2. Fluctuating, progressive, low-frequency hearing loss
  3. Tinnitus

4 A sensation of “fullness” or pressure in the ear

50
Q

Meniere’s Disease

Serious, often debilitating disease of hearing and balance of ____________ cause

A

unknown/uncertain

51
Q

Generic term for infections that invade the inner ear: _________.

A

labyrinthitis

52
Q

_______ can sometimes spread to the inner ear and result in labyrinthitis.

A

Meningitis

53
Q

Bacterial or viral infections that invade the inner ear can cause Sensori Neural Hearing Loss and disruptions of vestibular function.

True or False

A

True

54
Q

Treatment of 8th N Tumors is by

A

Surgical removal or radiation

55
Q

Small tumors can be removed with less risk of destroying the 8th N (and sometimes the 7th N as well) if _____________

A

Early Detected

56
Q

Hearing Tests are done to detect
1.
2.

A
  1. Sensori Neural Hearing Loss

2. Conductive Hearing Loss

57
Q

Tunning Fork Tests allow one to distinguish between ________ and ________ deafness

A

conductive and sensorineural deafness

58
Q

Tunning Fork Tests include:-

  1. W__er Test
  2. Ri__e Test
  3. B__g Test
A
  1. Weber Test
  2. Rinne Test
  3. Bing Test

SPECIAL SENSES (2 decks)

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