Special Population Considerations Flashcards
Ethnopharmacology
study of drug responses that may be unique to an individual owing to social, cultural and biological phenomena
Traditional Health Practices (Transcultural Nursing)
use of teas, herbs, spices, special foods and homeopathic remedies and ointments
Complementary Health Practices
combo of mainstream and alternative medicine
Alternative Health Practices
massage, acupuncture, herbs
Mainstream Health Practices
clinics, drugs, OT, PT
6 components of Transcultural Assessment Model
- communication
- space
- social organization
- time
- environmental control
- biologic variations
Space- major challenges include what?
use of touch;
protection of modesty;
ask pt about preferences
Social Organization
groups organized according to social order;
include family whenever appropriate
Time
Perception of time is shaped by culture;
present-oriented, past-oriented, future-oriented
“now, soon, later” may mean diff things to those of diff cultures; give specific time range
Environmental Control
otherworldly beings; traditional healers; spiritual advisors
Pharmacogenomics
study of how genes affect a person’s response to a drug
Common indications for use of meds during pregnancy
nutritional supplements with iron, vitamins and minerals;
herbal preparations NOT recommended
Pregnancy Category A
no risk to fetus
Pregnancy Category B
no risk in animal studies
Pregnancy Category C
animal studies indicate a risk to fetus; risk vs benefit must be determined
Pregnancy Category D
A risk to fetus has been proven; risk vs benefit must be determined; can be used in life-threatening situations
Pregnancy Category X
A risk to fetus has been proven; risk outweighs benefit; never give to pregnant women
Doxylamine succinate and pyridoxine hydrochloride (Diclegis)
FDA approved drug for nausea and vomiting in pregnant women
Acetaminophen
most commonly ingested nonprescription drug during pregnancy; used for pain in pregnancy
Sucralfate
used for heartburn in pregnant women
Metamucil, Docusate Sodium, colase
used for constipation in pregnant women
Variables that affect drug dosing in pediatrics
age, weight, height, anatomical/physiological characteristics (organ maturity), health status
atraumatic care
delivery of care through interventions that eliminate/minimize the psychological and physical distress experienced by pt and their family
variables that affect drug dosing in geriatrics
weight, body composition, lab variables, health status ( hepatic, renal, cardiac)
in general, drug doses need to be decreased
