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Drug actions pharmacodynamics pharmacokinetics > Special population considerations > Flashcards

Special population considerations Flashcards

1
Q

Ethnopharmacology

A

study of drug responses that may be unique to an individual owing to social, cultural and biological phenomena

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2
Q

Transcultural nursing

A
  • traditional health practices include use of teas, herbs, spices, special foods, homeopathic remedies and ointments
  • complementary health practices
  • alternative health practices
  • mainstream health practices
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3
Q

Transcultural assessment model

A
  • culturally unique individual
  • communication
  • space
  • social organization
  • time
  • environmental control
  • biological variations
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4
Q

Communication

A
  • verbal and nonverbal
  • when language is not understood
  • use translators whenever possible
  • do not assume understanding when patient is being polite and nodding
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5
Q

Space

A

-ask patient preferences
-Americans desire much personal space.
Challenges include:
-use of touch
-protection of modesty

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6
Q

Social organization

A
  • groups organized according to social order

- include family whenever appropriate

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7
Q

Time

A

perception of time is shaped by culture

  • present-oriented
  • past-oriented
  • future-oriented
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8
Q

environmental control

A
  • Otherworldly begins (spirits)
  • traditional healers
  • spiritual advisors
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9
Q

Biological variations

A
  • pharmacogenomics
  • human genome project
  • the genographic project
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10
Q

Nursing process

A
  • assessment
  • planning
  • nursing interventions
  • patient teaching
  • evaluation
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11
Q

Common indications for use of medications during pregnancy

A
  • nutritional supplements with iron, vitamins and minerals

- herbal preparations are not generally recommended during pregnancy

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12
Q

Pregnancy category A

A

no risk to the fetus

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13
Q

Pregnancy category B

A

no risk in animal studies

-well controlled studies in pregnant women not available

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14
Q

Pregnancy category C

A

animal studies indicate a risk to the fetus

-risk vs benefit must be determined.

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15
Q

Pregnancy categories D

A

a risk to the human fetus has been proven

  • risk vs benefit must be determined
  • it could be used in life threatening situations
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16
Q

Pregnancy category X

A

a risk to the fetus has been proved

-risk outweighs the benefit

17
Q

Nausea and vomiting (Pregnancy)

A

the FDA has approved one drug for morning sickness

  • doxylamine succinate and pyridoxine hydrochloride (diclegis)
  • ginger can be used
18
Q

pain (pregnancy)

A

-acetaminophen (most commonly ingested nonprescription drug during pregnancy)

19
Q

Heartburn. (Pregnancy)

A

-sucralfate

20
Q

Constipation (pregnancy)

A
  • Metamucil

- docusate sodium

21
Q

Pediatric population

A
  • nurse must make adaptions in care
  • both in administration of medications and the evaluation to children and the evaluation of the therapeutic and adverse effects of medication
22
Q

Pediatric population. Variables that affect drug dosing

A
  • age
  • weight
  • height
  • anatomical and physiological characteristics (organ maturity)
  • health status
23
Q

Pharmacokinetics (pediatric)

A
  • absorption
  • distribution
  • metabolism
  • excretion
24
Q

Pharmacodynamics (pediatric)

A
  • onset
  • peak
  • duration
25
Q

Pediatric medication dosing and monitoring

A
  • monitoring for therapeutic effects and adverse reActions

- calculations

26
Q

Pediatric medication administration

A
  • patient identification

- consider developmental and cognitive differences

27
Q

Pediatric medication administration

A
  • family-centered care
  • maintaining safety with minimal restraint
  • atraumatic care
  • distraction and other nonpharmacologic methods of pain and anxiety control
28
Q

Geriatric population

A

physiological changes associated with aging effect the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic phases of drug action

29
Q

Variables that impact geriatric drug dosage

A
  • weight
  • body composition
  • lab values
  • health status: hepatic, renal and cardiac
  • in general drug doses need to be decreased
30
Q

Drug teaching for older population

A
  • reason for medication therapy
  • therapeutic effects, side effects and adverse reactions
  • self administration
  • diet
  • when to notify health care provider. Or pharmacist
  • scheduling of meds
31
Q

Med teaching checklist for older adults

A
  • take as prescribed
  • med schedule/log, maintain list
  • storage of meds
  • keep out of reach of children
  • polypharmacy

Drug actions pharmacodynamics pharmacokinetics (2 decks)

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