Special Needs SG Flashcards by Rachel Hilton

Hemophilias

Oldest known hereditary bleeding disorder
Caused by low levels or complete absence of a blood protein essential for clotting
Most common forms are:
 Hemophilia A (Classic Hemophilia)
 Hemophilia B (Christmas Disease)
 Von Willebrand’s Disease

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Alzheimer’s Disease

progressive irreversible brain disorders characterized by intellectual and cognitive disturbances. a type of senile dementia

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Cerebrovascular Accident

Focal neurologic disorder caused by destruction of brain substance because of intracerebral hemorrhage, thrombosis, embolism or vascular insufficiency
AKA: Stroke
Sudden loss of brain function resulting from interference of the blood supply to a part of the brain
Disabled by changes in motor function, communication and perception
Hemiplegia or hemiparesis is common
3rd leading cause of death

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Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Characteristic pattern of abnormal growth and development resulting from maternal consumption of alcohol during pregnancy

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Cleft Lip/Palate

Disturbances in embryological formation resulting in incomplete closure of the lip and or palatal area

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Cerebral Palsy

Condition in which injury to parts of brain has occurred prenatally, natally, or postnatally and has resulted in paralysis or disruption of motor parts

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Leukemias

Acute or chronic progressive malignant neoplasm of blood-forming organs
Marked by diffuse proliferation of immature white blood cells (leukocytes)
Subsequent reduction in erythrocytes and platelets results

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Seizure Disorder

Paroxysmal spell of transitory alteration in consciousness, motor activity, or sensory phenomenon
Convulsion

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Myasthenia Gravis

Immunologic neuromuscular disease

Characterized by variable weakness or fatigue of the striated voluntary muscles

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Cancers

Cells that multiply at an abnormally rapid rate invading and destroying healthy tissue

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Diabetes

Group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia

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Spinal Cord Injuries

External traumatic force causing partial or complete loss of sensory and/or motor function related to spinal cord level and extent of injury

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Multiple Sclerosis

Chronic degenerative disease of the CNS where myelin is destroyed

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Anorexia Nervosa

Psychophysiological condition

characterized by suppression and denial of sensation of hunger

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Down’s Syndrome

mental retardation disorder. associated with trisomy 21 an anomaly of chromosome 21 in all or some body parts

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Autism

Developmental disability with specific behavioral and communication components
Four times more common in males
Extreme aloneness, failure to develop eye contact

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Abuse

Nonaccidental physical, emotional (psychological), or sexual acts against a child

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End Stage Renal Disease

Progressive bilateral deterioration of renal function

Resulting in uremia and eventual death

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Spina Bifida

Neural tube defect of the spinal column

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Bell’s Palsy

Paralysis of facial muscles innervated by CN VII (facial nerve)

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Parkinson’s Disease

Progressive disorder of CNS
Characterized by loss of postural stability, slowness of spontaneous movement, resting tremor, and muscle rigidity
Aka: paralysis agitans; parkinson’s syndrome
Severe deficiency of dopamine

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Cystic Fibrosis

complex, genetic, life-limiting disorder that involves the pancreas, liver and lungs

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Muscular Dysrophies

Genetic myopathies

Characterized by progressive severe weakness and loss of use of muscle groups

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Mental Retardation

Subaverage intellectual functioning originating during the developmental period and associated with impairment in adaptive behavior

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fetal alcohol syndrome is caused by maternal ingestion of alcohol during pregnancy. oral manifestations include

underdeveloped maxilla, cleft lip&palate, micrognathia

fetal alcohol syndrome often leads to

mental retardation | ADHD

alcohol is transported to the ___ for metabolism

liver

white spots seen in enamel caused by

fluoride

hygienists are considered mandatory reporters of abuse in

all states

fluoride shown to cause pitting and roughening of composite and porcelain materials

APF

mobility N

normal, physiologic

mobility I

slight mobility greater than normal

mobility II

moderate mobility >1mm facial and lingual displacement

mobility III

severe, may move in all directions vertical and horizontal

AAP I

gingival diseases

AAP II

chronic periodontal disease

AAP IV

periodontitis as a manifestation of systemic disease

oral carcinoma of squamous cell types spread through

lymph nodes and local extension

cancers classified according to

origin of tissue involved | type of cell from which they arise

patients who have cancer should have what done involved w/ teeth

teeth w/ severe bone loss removed

dermatitis, mucositis, alopecia and reduced salivary flow occur to tissues due to

ionizing radiation

patients undergoing radiation, which teeth more susceptible to caries

gingival 3rd and exposed root

by-product of smoking or tobacco products found in body fluids is

cotinine

smokeless tobacco absorbed through blood vessels lining

small intestine

psychoactive agent in tobacco is

nicotine

complex chronic mental disorder w/ disturbances in feelings and thinking, w/ symptoms of delusions hallucinations defined as

schizophrenia

bipolar disorder is marked by

severe mood swings from depression and elation (mania)

drug most likely causes metallic taste in mouth

lithium

common side effect of all antidepressants

xerostomia

agoraphobia, phobic disorder, panic attacks, obsessive compulsive disorders are some of the types of

anxiety disorders

recommendation for sensitive teeth in patients w/ cancer

daily fluoride therapy

fracture to jaw that has one side of the bone broken and other side bent is classified as

greenstick (incomplete)

lefort classification is used to identify

maxillary fracture

intermaxillary fixation is obtained by

applying wires &/or elastic bands between maxillary and mandibular arches stabilizing broken bones and allowing them to grow together in proper position

caused by a defect in fusion of maxillary and globular processes

cleft lip

do terminally ill patients have a higher incidence of mucosal soreness, ulceration, candidiasis, glossitis and xerostomia?

yes

individuals who wear ill fitting dentures are at risk for mouth sores

true

can candidiasis infection become life threatening to immunocompromised individuals

yes

what is sordes

foul matter that collects on lips, teeth, and oral mucosa in low fevers; forms a crust

schizophrenia is associated w/ an ____ of ___ at specific synapses in the brain

excess of dopamine

benzisoxazoles (risperidone) is a

atypical antipsychotic drug

is postpartum psychosis considered to be a major psychiatric emergency?

yes

antidepressants may be used for tx of panic attack

true

another name used for autism

autism spectrum disorder

chemical erosion of tooth surfaces by acid from regurgitation of stomach contents

perimylolysis

BACs at this level produce depressed respiration, alcoholic coma, possibly fatal

400-500mg/dl

disorder involves ocular and gait disturbances, confusion, and psychosis

Wernicke's encephalopathy

possible significance of mothers age have to do with trisomy 21

chance increases

Down's syndrome is sometimes refered to as

trisonomy 21

patient's with down's syndrome often exhibit obstructive airway problems due to

macroglossia, frequent respioratory problems, obesity, enlarged tonsils

T/F: sordes is a sore like material that collects on the lips, teeth, and gingiva of patient with a fever and dehydration in chronic debilitating disease

true

are missing teeth characteristic of down's sysndrome

yes; congenitally missing teeth are often common as is microdontia and delayed and irregular eruption sequence

what might be a cause of open bite and tongue thrust in down's syndrome

macroglossia

upon completion of oral examination and prophylaxis of a downs syndrome patient, what would maintenance recommendation be

more frequent appointments may be necessary because Down's syndrome patients are more susceptible to periodontal disease

most common cause of stroke

cerebral thrombosis

signs of L-CVA

speech vocabulary problems slow, cautious disorganized right visual field defect

patient has ataxic type of CP what part of brain has been damaged

cerebellar

good sources of folic acid

green leafy vegetables eggs orange juice

a deficiency of dopamine would mean patient is most likely suffering from

Parkinson's disease

generalized opalescent condition caused by significant intercellular edema in the layer of stratified epithelium

leukoedema

patient's sensitiveity in facial aspect of tooth #6 most likely related to

fluid entering the dentinal tubules

type of tissue normally present around canine area

keratinized stratified squamous epithlium

appropriate connective tissue donor site for recession on facial of 25 would be

hard palate

in TMN staging system the M stands for

metastasis

patient has a mucocele that is a result of severing of a minor salivary duct. a mucocele can be found in what area?

labial mucosa

gingival enlargement can be caused by a calcium channel blocker. condition is most likely caused by

nephedipine (Procardia)

epulis fissuratum is caused by

a denture flange

on TMN staging system a N3 means

nodes on opposite side of tumor

T/F: disclosing solution is useful adjuct for teaching individuals their strengths and weaknesses in bacterial plaque removal. it is especially important for assessing subgingival plaque removal techniques

first true | second false

on TMN staging system a M0 means

no distant metastasis

on the TMN staging system a T means

tumor