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4th Yr- CCD2- Special Needs > Special needs 2 > Flashcards

Special needs 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Who is a disabled person

A

A disabled person is someone with a physical or mental impairment which has substantial and long term adverse effects on how/her ability to carry out normal day to day activities

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2
Q

How do we classify disability

A
  1. Intellectual impairment
  2. Physical impairment
  3. Medical impairment
    4, Sensory impairment
  4. Emotional
  5. Oral developmental problems
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3
Q

What do we mean by intellectual impairment

A

Children with learning difficulties/ disabilities

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4
Q

How common are learning difficulties

A

2-3%

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5
Q

How is intellectual impairment classified

A
  1. Mild

2. Severe/profound

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6
Q

What do we mean by mild intellectual impairment

A

Moderate impairment (IQ 50-70)

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7
Q

How many people have mild intellectual impairment

A

1.2 million

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8
Q

What do we mean by severe/ profound intellectual impairment

A

IQ<50

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9
Q

How many people have severe/ profound intellectual impairment

A

65,000 children/ young adults

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10
Q

List some common intellectual impairments

A
  1. Down syndrome
  2. Cerebral palsy
  3. Meningitis, rubella
  4. Autism, microcephaly
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11
Q

What does the mental capacity act of 2005 say

A

For patients 18+ obtaining adequate consent requires that the patient has adequate mental capacity (MC) to make a decision about any proposed treatment/intervention

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12
Q

How do we assess mental capacity

A

In 2 stages:

  1. Does the person have an impairment that could affect mind/brain or decision making
  2. Is the impairment affecting the ability of the person to understand or make a decision
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13
Q

How do we obtain consent for patient who lack mental capacity

A

A nominated friend or family member or an independently appointed advocate (IMCA) may be required to help with the decision

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14
Q

What is the aetiology of Down syndrome

A

Trisomy 21

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15
Q

How common is Down syndrome

A

1:1000 live births

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16
Q

What Craniofacial anomalies can be associated with Down syndrome

A

1, Oval, mongoloid face

  1. Flat face and occiput
  2. Epicanthic folds with mongoloid slant to eyes
  3. Straight hair
  4. Abnormal hand creases
  5. Large protruding fissured tongue
17
Q

What abnormalities may you see in the oral cavity in a patient with downs syndrome

A
  1. Small maxilla
  2. Abnormal tooth morphology and tooth number
  3. Delayed eruption
  4. Prone to periodontal disease
  5. Could be less likely to develop dental caries
18
Q

Other than intellectual impairment what else may be seen in a patient with cerebral palsy

A

Physical impairment

19
Q

What physical impairment may be seen in a patient with cerebral palsy

A

Motor manifestation of cerebral damage

20
Q

What is cerebral palsy commonly a result of

A

Birth anoxia

21
Q

What can happen in cerebral palsy

A
  1. Abnormal muscle tone/ reflexes eg spasticity, athetoid

2. May have mental impairment but IQ often normal

22
Q

What can medical impairment include

A
  1. Heart disease
  2. Bleeding disorders
  3. Diabetes
  4. Kidney disease
  5. Respiratory disease
  6. Malignancy
  7. Drugs
23
Q

List some common childhood cardiovascular disease

A
  1. Endocarditis
  2. Cyanotic heart disease
  3. Anxiety
24
Q

Give examples of cyanotic heart disease

A
  1. Polycythaemia
  2. Thrombocytopoenia
  3. Abnormal clotting
  4. GA risk
25
Q

What emotional trauma may children have that could mean they need special dental needs

A
  1. Neglect

2. Non accidental injury/ abuse

26
Q

Give examples of oral decelopemtnal problems

A
  1. Cleft lip and palate

2. Ectodermal dysplasia

27
Q

What is ectodermal dysplasia

A

Primary defects of 2 or more structures derived from ectoderm eg:

  1. Skin
  2. Hair
  3. Nails
  4. Sweat glands
  5. Teeth
28
Q

Give an example of a type of ectodermal dysplasia

A

Hypohydrotic ectodermal dysplasia

29
Q

What is Hypohydrotic ectodermal dysplasia associated with

A

Commonly X linked

30
Q

How common is Hypohydrotic ectodermal dysplasia

A

1 in 100,000

31
Q

What happens in Hypohydrotic ectodermal dysplasia

A

Absent sweat glands

32
Q

What abnormalities may we present in the oral cavity in a patient with Hypohydrotic ectodermal dysplasia

A
  1. Absent teeth

2. Abnormal morphology eg conical teeth

33
Q

What dental problems may disabled patients have

A

They may have poorer plaque control an increased risk of periodontal disease

34
Q

How should we come up with a treatment plan for a patient with a disability

A
  1. Initial plan should be formulated ignoring the disability
  2. Discuss with patient, parent or carer and modify for individual
  3. Use guidelines
  4. Done get distracted by disability
35
Q

What proactive prevention should we jeep in mind for children with special needs

A
  1. Help with toothbrushing/ .plaque control
  2. Systemic/ topical floruides
  3. Fissure sealents
  4. Practical dietary advice
36
Q

What problems may children with special needs face

A
  1. Oral hygiene may be Low priority
  2. Lack of provision made to provide necessary care
  3. Practical difficulties in delivery of dental caries

4th Yr- CCD2- Special Needs (3 decks)

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