spavin energy systems year 2 Flashcards
adenosine diphosphate
a compound formed by the removal of a phosphate bond from ATP
adenosine triphosphate
a high energy compound: the only immediately available source of energy for muscular contraction
Anaerobic glycolysis
Partial breakdown of glucose into lactic acid
ATPase
an enzyme which initiates the breakdown of ATP
Buffering capacity
the ability of chemicals to maintain PH values within acceptable limits and neutralise the effects of an acid such as lactic acid
coupled reaction
when the products of one reaction are used in another reaction. for example, PC broken down to release energy and P, energy + P + ADP re-synthesis ATP
creatine kinase
an enzyme which initiates the breakdown of phosphocreatine (PC) for ATP resynthesis
Electron transport chain
third and final stage of the aerobic system. produces energy from hydrogen in the mitochondrial cristae to resynthesises up to 34 ATP.
endothermic reaction
a chemical reaction which needs energy to progress
energy continuum
the relative contribution of each energy system to overall energy production depending on intensity and duration o activity
energy system
a process which extracts energy from food fuels for ATP re-synthesis, e.g the aerobic system
energy transfer
the conversion of one type of energy into another (e.g chemical energy into kinetic energy) or the movement of energy from one place to another
Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption EPOC
the volume of O2 consumed post exercise to return the body to a pre-exercise state
exthothermic reaction
chemical reaction that releases energy
fast alactacid recovery
first stage of epic, where O2 consumed within 3 minutes re-saturates haemoglobin and myoglobin store and provides the energy for ATP and PC resynthesis
gluconeogenesis
the formation o glucose from substrates such as pyruvic acid
intermittent activity
a period of exercise with alternating intensity
kreb’s cycle
second stage of the aerobic system, Energy is produced in the mitochondrial matrix to resynthesis a net gain of 2 ATP
lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
an enzyme which initiates the conversion of pyruvic acid into lactic acid
lipase
an enzyme that catalyses the breakdown of triglyceride into free fatty acid (FFA) and glycerol
onset of blood lactate accumulation OBLA
the point at which lactic acid production exceeds the rate of removal; when blood lactate levels significantly rise and muscular fatigue sets in
oxygen deficit
the volume of O2 that would be required to complete an activity entirely aerobically. the higher the intensity of exercise the larger the oxygen deficit
phosphocreatine
a high energy compound stored in the muscle cell, broken down for ATP resynthesis in the ATP-PC system
phosphofructokinase PFK
an enzyme which initiates the breakdown of glucose to release energy for ATP resynthesis (glycolysis)
recovery
a period of time following exercise used to return the body to a pre-exercise state
re-synthesis
the process f rebuilding a chemical compound e.g ATP is re-synthesised by energy + ADP + P
sarcoplasm
the cytoplasm or fluid within the muscles cell stores PC, glycogen and myoglobin
slow lactacid recovery
the second stage of EPOC. O2 consumed on average for 1-2 hours provides the energy to remove lactic acid and CO2 and replenishes glucose and glycogen stores
threshold
the point where predominant energy production moves from one energy system to another. For example the anaerobic threshold is the point where predominant energy production shifts from ATP-PC system to the glycolytic system
onset of blood lactate accumulation OBLA
the point at which lactic acid production exceeds the rate of removal; when blood lactate levels significantly rise and muscular fatigue sets in
oxygen deficit
the volume of O2 that would be required to complete an activity entirely aerobically. the higher the intensity of exercise the larger the oxygen deficit
phosphocreatine
a high energy compound stored in the muscle cell, broken down for ATP resynthesis in the ATP-PC system
phosphofructokinase PFK
an enzyme which initiates the breakdown of glucose to release energy for ATP resynthesis (glycolysis)
recovery
a period of time following exercise used to return the body to a pre-exercise state
re-synthesis
the process f rebuilding a chemical compound e.g ATP is re-synthesised by energy + ADP + P
sarcoplasm
the cytoplasm or fluid within the muscles cell stores PC, glycogen and myoglobin
slow lactacid recovery
the second stage of EPOC. O2 consumed on average for 1-2 hours provides the energy to remove lactic acid and CO2 and replenishes glucose and glycogen stores
threshold
the point where predominant energy production moves from one energy system to another. For example the anaerobic threshold is the point where predominant energy production shifts from ATP-PC system to the glycolytic system
