spavin energy systems year 2

Question 1

adenosine diphosphate

Answer 1

a compound formed by the removal of a phosphate bond from ATP

Question 2

adenosine triphosphate

Answer 2

a high energy compound: the only immediately available source of energy for muscular contraction

Question 3

Anaerobic glycolysis

Answer 3

Partial breakdown of glucose into lactic acid

Question 4

ATPase

Answer 4

an enzyme which initiates the breakdown of ATP

Question 5

Buffering capacity

Answer 5

the ability of chemicals to maintain PH values within acceptable limits and neutralise the effects of an acid such as lactic acid

Question 6

coupled reaction

Answer 6

when the products of one reaction are used in another reaction. for example, PC broken down to release energy and P, energy + P + ADP re-synthesis ATP

Question 7

creatine kinase

Answer 7

an enzyme which initiates the breakdown of phosphocreatine (PC) for ATP resynthesis

Question 8

Electron transport chain

Answer 8

third and final stage of the aerobic system. produces energy from hydrogen in the mitochondrial cristae to resynthesises up to 34 ATP.

Question 9

endothermic reaction

Answer 9

a chemical reaction which needs energy to progress

Question 10

energy continuum

Answer 10

the relative contribution of each energy system to overall energy production depending on intensity and duration o activity

Question 11

energy system

Answer 11

a process which extracts energy from food fuels for ATP re-synthesis, e.g the aerobic system

Question 12

energy transfer

Answer 12

the conversion of one type of energy into another (e.g chemical energy into kinetic energy) or the movement of energy from one place to another

Question 13

Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption EPOC

Answer 13

the volume of O2 consumed post exercise to return the body to a pre-exercise state

Question 14

exthothermic reaction

Answer 14

chemical reaction that releases energy

Question 15

fast alactacid recovery

Answer 15

first stage of epic, where O2 consumed within 3 minutes re-saturates haemoglobin and myoglobin store and provides the energy for ATP and PC resynthesis

Question 16

gluconeogenesis

Answer 16

the formation o glucose from substrates such as pyruvic acid

Question 17

intermittent activity

Answer 17

a period of exercise with alternating intensity

Question 18

kreb’s cycle

Answer 18

second stage of the aerobic system, Energy is produced in the mitochondrial matrix to resynthesis a net gain of 2 ATP

Question 19

lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)

Answer 19

an enzyme which initiates the conversion of pyruvic acid into lactic acid

Question 20

lipase

Answer 20

an enzyme that catalyses the breakdown of triglyceride into free fatty acid (FFA) and glycerol

Question 21

onset of blood lactate accumulation OBLA

Answer 21

the point at which lactic acid production exceeds the rate of removal; when blood lactate levels significantly rise and muscular fatigue sets in

Question 22

oxygen deficit

Answer 22

the volume of O2 that would be required to complete an activity entirely aerobically. the higher the intensity of exercise the larger the oxygen deficit

Question 23

phosphocreatine

Answer 23

a high energy compound stored in the muscle cell, broken down for ATP resynthesis in the ATP-PC system

Question 24

phosphofructokinase PFK

Answer 24

an enzyme which initiates the breakdown of glucose to release energy for ATP resynthesis (glycolysis)

Question 25

recovery

Answer 25

a period of time following exercise used to return the body to a pre-exercise state

Question 26

re-synthesis

Answer 26

the process f rebuilding a chemical compound e.g ATP is re-synthesised by energy + ADP + P

Question 27

sarcoplasm

Answer 27

the cytoplasm or fluid within the muscles cell stores PC, glycogen and myoglobin

Question 28

slow lactacid recovery

Answer 28

the second stage of EPOC. O2 consumed on average for 1-2 hours provides the energy to remove lactic acid and CO2 and replenishes glucose and glycogen stores

Question 29

threshold

Answer 29

the point where predominant energy production moves from one energy system to another. For example the anaerobic threshold is the point where predominant energy production shifts from ATP-PC system to the glycolytic system

Question 30

onset of blood lactate accumulation OBLA

Answer 30

the point at which lactic acid production exceeds the rate of removal; when blood lactate levels significantly rise and muscular fatigue sets in

Question 31

oxygen deficit

Answer 31

the volume of O2 that would be required to complete an activity entirely aerobically. the higher the intensity of exercise the larger the oxygen deficit

Question 32

phosphocreatine

Answer 32

a high energy compound stored in the muscle cell, broken down for ATP resynthesis in the ATP-PC system

Question 33

phosphofructokinase PFK

Answer 33

an enzyme which initiates the breakdown of glucose to release energy for ATP resynthesis (glycolysis)

Question 34

recovery

Answer 34

a period of time following exercise used to return the body to a pre-exercise state

Question 35

re-synthesis

Answer 35

the process f rebuilding a chemical compound e.g ATP is re-synthesised by energy + ADP + P

Question 36

sarcoplasm

Answer 36

the cytoplasm or fluid within the muscles cell stores PC, glycogen and myoglobin

Question 37

slow lactacid recovery

Answer 37

the second stage of EPOC. O2 consumed on average for 1-2 hours provides the energy to remove lactic acid and CO2 and replenishes glucose and glycogen stores

Question 38

threshold

Answer 38

the point where predominant energy production moves from one energy system to another. For example the anaerobic threshold is the point where predominant energy production shifts from ATP-PC system to the glycolytic system