Spatial patterns of land use in urban areas

Question 1

urban morphology is

Answer 1

the spatial structure and organisation of an urban area

Question 2

factors that affect urban morphology:

Answer 2

• land value
• accessibility
• topography
• urban planning
• industry in suburban areas
• finance in inner centre
• greenfield sites
• consumer-focused shops, restaurants, entertainment in centre

Question 3

the CBD is:

Answer 3

• the central business district.

- the central area that contains major shops, offices and entertainment

Question 4

residential areas are:

Answer 4

• situated further away from the centre
• range of different housing
• higher prices due to larger houses

Question 5

greenfield sites are:

Answer 5

• situated throughout an urban area
• mixture of sizes
• makes certain urban areas more attractive

Question 6

out of town retail is :

Answer 6

• originally intended for large super markets

- now includes mixture of retail units and entertainment, such as cinemas and food outlets

Question 7

business or science parks are….and can be found…..:

Answer 7

-tend to be found on the edge of urban areas where access to roads is good and greenfield sites makes it easy to expand cheaply

Question 8

industry is found in………:

Answer 8

• out of town where large expanses of cheaper greenfield land allows for large industrial sites
• deindustrialisation brought about a decline which created brownfield sites

Question 9

informal settlements are:

Answer 9

• also known as slums or shanty towns
• usually found in LICs where mass rural-urban migration and lack of urban planning has led to unplanned and uncontrolled expansion of an urban area
• 1 in 8 people, that’s 1 billion globally, live in slum conditions today

Question 10

the inner city is :

Answer 10

• areas with old housing and light manufacturing

- once housed factories and terraced housing

Question 11

peak land value intersection (PLVI) is

Answer 11

• where land is most expensive
• land value decreases (generally) away from the PLVI in the CBD (central business district) in a line of distance decay
• during the 1980s, out o town shopping centres changed the PLVI trend
• traffic meant that the CBD became less accessible so out-of-town areas rose in relative value

Question 12

the Burgess Model suggests that

Answer 12

• that the CBD has the highest land value, followed by factories, then the inner city (terraced housing and so low class residential), medium class residential and high class residential being lowest land value
• the Burgess Model shows the CBD in the centre of a circle, with land value declining as the circle expands

Question 13

another factor that also leads to the decline of the CBD is :

Answer 13

online shopping, as people do not need to face the traffic to reach the CBD to shop and instead order online from huge out-of-town storehouses

Question 14

the ‘history of retail’ timeline is:

Answer 14

pre-1970s:
-convenience goods found on corner shops
-comparison goods (one-off purchases made in inner city stores
1970s:
-supermarkets and stores built in residential areas, selling both food and non-food items while hypermarkets also sold goods and clothing
1980s:
-non-food retail parks expanded as well as DIY/furniture stores emerging
1990s:
-huge out-of-town shopping centres built on the periphery of urban areas (near motorway junctions)
2000s:
-E-commerce
-traditional farmers’ markets selling fresh produce becoming trendy