Spatial Aggregation and Classification Flashcards
What is Area Aggregation?
− Create your own areas at different spatial scales by combining areas
− This involves ‘dissolving boundaries’
− Postal geography is an example of nested geography
− You can only go backwards
What is Aggregating Points?
− Point-in-polygon
− Graduated symbols are an example of this
What are the benefits of Structured Query Language?
− Allows you to ask questions of your data.
− Can just add excel documents straight away
− Filter your data, so that you see only the rows and columns that interest you
− Perform relational joins combining two or more tables into one results table
− Create derived columns (columns that calculate new values based on the contents of your existing columns)
− Sort your data by numeric and/or alphabetic criteria
− Subtotal your data, so that you see only a listing of subtotals instead of seeing your entire table
What is Spatial Classification?
Classifying areas that have similar characteristics
What is Geodemography?
The art and science of profiling people based on where they live
What are geodemographic systems?
They are systems that estimate the most probable characteristics of people based on a profile of all people living in a small area
− Idea that people of similar characteristics tend to live together
What is one of the first examples of Geodemography?
Charles Booth’s studies of deprivation and poverty in London
What are recent developments in Geodemographic Systems?
− Increased computational power leading to enhanced opportunities to analyse census data
− The development of clustering techniques to group statistically similar neighbourhoods into classes on a ‘like with like’ basis. Geodemographics is clustering!
− Commercial geodemographics emerged from the late 1970s with the launch of PRIZM by Claritas in the US and ACORN by CACI in the UK. Now, several systems exist.
− Rise of lifestyle datasets that can be used in classifications to supplement census data
What are uses of Geodemography in the public and private sectors?
Commercial
− A high probability of buying a particular type of newspaper
− A high application rate for consolidation loans.
− A high consumption of fashion goods.
Public Sector
− Low grades in secondary school exams.
− High risk of developing diabetes.
− High fear of crime, but low crime levels
− Areas at risk from health deterioration
What is Cluster Analysis?
− Accurate understanding of the demographics, lifestyles and behaviour of all individuals and households in the UK− − Clustering is an operation of multi-dimensional analysis which consists of partitioning a set of objects into subsets, such that each object or descriptor belongs to just one subset
