Sparta 4.3

Question 1

Early greek communities organised into:

Answer 1

Tribe, Clan, Phratry, Oikos

Question 2

Spartiates

Answer 2

Male high class Spartans (Homoioi)

Question 3

What the the requirements to be a Spartiate?

Answer 3

• ownership of land: Kleros
• Descend from Herakles or conquerors.
• member of military mess: Syssitia
• completion of education/military: Agoge

Question 4

The Kleros

Answer 4

Divided portions of land shared between spartiates. Spartiates gained estate from inheritance from father or state. Spartiates concentrated on military life and welfare of state, not kleros.

Question 5

Evidence from Plutarch on Kleros

Answer 5

“Lycurgus persuaded the citizens to pool all the land and then redistribute it afresh. They would all live on equal terms.”

Question 6

The Syssition

Answer 6

gathering place for men (the mess). Spartiates gave monthly from their kleros produce to the mess, if not they’d lose citizenship. They gathered in 15 and shared natural resources and they shared political discussions which was important for young men.

Question 7

Peroikoi

Answer 7

‘dwellers around’. Communities free to act independently & control their communities, but answered to Sparta state & had no political influences in Spartan foreign policy.

Question 8

Spartans and Perioikoi?

Answer 8

Lakedaemonians

Question 9

Evidence for Perioikoi

Answer 9

Bronze figurines, limestone and marble funerary reliefs. Black figure krater found in Celtic grave in France was made in Laconia. Perioikoi were craftsmen.

Question 10

Treatment of Peroiokoi

Answer 10

Spartan officials supervised them and could put to death without trial.

Question 11

Duties of Perioikoi

Answer 11

• Provided hoplites

- Served in war with Spartiates

Question 12

Inferiors

Answer 12

• Tresantes (criminals or cowards): deprived from voting & holding office, couldn’t marry.
• Hypomeiones (inferiors): lost citizenship for failing to fill obligations.

Question 13

Helots

Answer 13

• Enslaved populations of Messenia and Laconia
• Worked on Spartan estates. They kept half their ag produced.
• Accompanied spartiates in war. Could gain citizenship for good deeds and military services.

Question 14

Tyrataeus describing helots

Answer 14

“asses exhausted under great loads:under painful necessity to bring their masters full half the fruit their ploughed land produced.”