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IWEG Level 2 Wines > Sparkling Wine > Flashcards

Sparkling Wine Flashcards

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1
Q

What are two ways to add CO2 to make Sparkling wine?

A
  • Bottle Fermentation
  • Tank Fermentation
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2
Q

What is the first step in making Sparkling wine?

A

Make a base still wine

The wine is:

  • Dry
  • High Acid
  • Low Alcohol
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3
Q

When does the CO2 appear in the wine?

A

During second fermentation

(first fermentation makes the base wine)

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4
Q

How does the winemaker start the second fermentation?

A

Sugar and Yeast are added to the base wine.

The ABV increase about 1.5%

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5
Q

How is the CO2 retained in the wine?

A

Sealed Vessel.

Either a sealed tank or a sealed bottle

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6
Q

What is the Traditional Method of making Sparkling Wine?

A
  • Most common
  • Champagne or Cava
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7
Q

How does the Traditional Method work?

A
  • Sugar and Yeast placed in bottle
  • Bottle sealed with Crown Cap
  • Second Fermentation creates CO2
  • CO2 dissolved in liquid
  • Yeasts also add flavour to wine
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8
Q

What is the famous Traditional Method wine made in Northern France?

A

Champagne AOC

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9
Q

What are the three grape varieties in a traditional Champagne?

A
  • Chardonnay
  • Pinot Noir
  • Pinot Meuniere
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10
Q

What is the climate of the Champagne region of France?

A
  • Cool

Creates base wine that is:

  • High acid
  • Low alcohol
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11
Q

Are Champagne’s a single varietal or blends?

A

Blends

To maintain consistancy, can be from several vintages.

AKA: Non-Vintage

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12
Q

What is the Legal Minimum a Champagne must spend on the Lees?

A

12 Months

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13
Q

What is the profile of a non-expensive Champagne

A
  • Dry
  • High Acid
  • Notes of Apple
  • Light autolysis (bread, biscuit)
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14
Q

What is the typical profile of a good quality Champagne?

A
  • Complex flavours
  • Green fruit (apple), Citrus (Lemon)
  • Autolytic notes (Bread, Biscuit)
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15
Q

What is a Vintage Champagne?

A

Made from the best grapes

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16
Q

How is a Vintage Champagne different than a regular Champagne?

A
  • Very Complex wines
  • Aged in Lees for longer period
  • Extended bottle aging after disgorgement
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17
Q

What is the typical profile of a Vintage Champagne?

A
  • Complex
  • Pronounced Apple, Citrus Fruit
  • Autolytic notes (Bread, Biscuit)
  • Notes of Nuts, Honey (from bottle age)
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18
Q

What is Cava?

A

Spanish term for Traditional Method Sparkling wine

19
Q

What region do most Cava’s come from?

A

Catalunya

20
Q

What grape varieties are used in making Cava?

A

Mostly local grape varieties.

Chardonnay and Pinot Noir permitted

Adds fruit flavours and acidity to base wine

21
Q

What is the climate of Calatunya?

A

Warm

Grapes may need to be harvested early to retain high acidity

22
Q

What is the profile of the Cava base wine?

A
  • Light flavours Apple/Pear
  • High Acid
23
Q

Is Cava aged longer or shorter on the lees (compared to Champagne)?

A

Shorter.

Gives subtle autolytic character

24
Q

What other countries are known for Sparkling wine?

A
  • South Africa
  • California
  • New Zealand
  • Australia
25
Q

What is Method Cap Classique?

A

The South African term for Traditional Method

26
Q

What is the Tank Method?

A

Method of creating a sparkling wine (getting CO2 into it) without adding Autolytic notes.

27
Q

How does the Tank Method work?

A
  • Base wine put in sealed tank
  • Add Sugar and Yeast
  • Second Ferment
  • Filter Lees
  • Bottle under pressure
  • Seal with cork and cage
28
Q

What is an Asti DOCG wine?

A

Sweet, Low Alcohol wine from Piedmont, Italy

29
Q

What are the steps in the Asti Method?

A
  • Grape juice put in take with yeast
  • CO2 initally allowed to escape
  • Tank sealed
  • Fermentation stopped by filtering out yeasts
  • This keeps the sugar level higher and alcohol low
30
Q

What is a Prosecco DOC wine?

A

Sparkling from North-East Italy

Tank Method

31
Q

What is the grape used in making Prosecco?

A

Glera

32
Q

What is the grape used to make Asti DOCG?

A

Moscato (Muscat)

33
Q

What is the typical profile of an Asti DOCG sparkling?

A
  • Pronounced floral aromas (blossom)
  • Flavours Grape/Peach/Pear
  • Fully Sparkling
34
Q

Does Champagne AOC have to place it’s PDO on the label?

A

No

One of few EU wine that do not have to

Cava is another one

35
Q

What are the steps in making Traditional Method Sparkling Wine?

A
  • Base wine made
  • Added to bottle with sugar and yeast
  • Second Fermentation
  • Riddling
  • Disgorgement
  • Dosage
  • Resealing
36
Q

What is Riddling?

A

Preparing to remove the yeasts from the sparkling wine

37
Q

How does Riddling work?

A

Riddling slowly moves the yeasts to the neck of the bottle.

Slowly adjusting the angle of the bottle so the yeasts drift to the neck

38
Q

What machine is usually used in Riddling?

A

Gyropalette

Cube shaped machine that can process hundreds of bottles at a time

39
Q

What is Disgorgement?

A

Removing the lees sediment from the bottle

40
Q

How does Disgorgement work?

A
  • The neck of the bottle frozen
  • Crown cap removed
  • Pressure from CO2 pops out frozen ice and lees sediment
41
Q

What is Dosage?

A

Process of topping up sparkling wine in bottle with wine and sugar mixture

Done before placing cork and cage in bottle (resealing)

42
Q

What is the term for the liquid added during Dosage?

A

Liqueur d’Expedition

43
Q

Does Dosage impact the sweetness of the sparkling wine?

A

Yes

Dosage is also the amount of sugar added to the sparkling wine, determining it’s final sweetness

44
Q

What is the difference between Brut and Demi-Sec?

A

Brut has a small amount of sugar added, but because it’s high acid and has bubbles, wine tastes dry

Demi-Sec is medium sweetness.

IWEG Level 2 Wines (19 decks)

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