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IWEG Level 2 Wines > Fortified Wines > Flashcards

Fortified Wines Flashcards

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1
Q

What region is Sherry usually made in?

A

Jerez de la Frontera

(Town in southern Spain)

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2
Q

What Grape is used to make Sherry?

A

Palomino

(white grape)

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3
Q

What are the basic steps to making Sherry?

A
  • Crush and press grapes
  • Ferment
  • Fortify (with spirits)
  • Place in Solara system
  • Bottle
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4
Q

How does a Solera system work for making Sherry?

A
  • A dry white wine made from Palomina grapes
  • Fortified with alcohol to boost ABV%
  • Placed in a series of old-oak casks
  • Casks have different ages of Sherry
  • Different ages of wine blended together to create consistent style.
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5
Q

What are the Three most important styles of Sherry?

A
  • Fino
  • Oloroso
  • Amontillado
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6
Q

What is a Fino Sherry?

A

Ages under a thick layer of white yeast called Flor. (aka biological aging)

*

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7
Q

What are the steps to make Fino Sherry?

A
  • Base wine fortified to 15% ABV.
  • Enters a Solara system
  • Flor develops on surface of wine - protects wine from oxygen.
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8
Q

What is the profile of a Fino Sherry?

A
  • Pale lemon
  • Aromas of Apple, Almonds.
  • Pronounced flavours of Biscuit, Bread Dough (from Flor)
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9
Q

Is Fino Sherry aged?

A

No

  • Once bottled, wines rapidly lose freshness.
  • Serve chilled
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10
Q

What is Oloroso Sherry?

A
  • Sherry that doesn’t use Flor in production.
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11
Q

How to make Oloroso Sherry?

A
  • Dry base wine fortified to 17% ABV
  • Placed in Solara System - ages based on contact with oxygen.
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12
Q

Why is Flor not used in Oloroso Sherry?

A
  • Flor cannot survive in the 17% ABV level of the fortified wine.
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13
Q

Typical profile of Oloroso Sherry?

A
  • Brownish in Colour (due to oxygen contact)
  • Flavours dried fruits (raisins, prunes)
  • Notes of deliberate oxidization (walnuts, caramel)
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14
Q

What is an Amontadillo Sherry?

A

Something between a Fino and Oloroso Sherry.

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15
Q

How is Amontillado Sherry made?

A
  • Base wine fermented
  • Fortified to 15% ABV
  • Ages under Flor for short time
  • Refortified to 17% ABV
  • Wine then ages oxidatively until bottled
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16
Q

What is the typical profile of an Amontillado Sherry?

A
  • Deeper in colour than Fino
  • flavours from Flor (biscuit and bread)
  • flavours also from Oxidation (walnuts, caramel)
17
Q

What are three types of Sweet Sherries?

A
  • Pale Cream — (aka sweet Fino)
  • Medium — (sweet Amontillado)
  • Cream —- (sweet Oloroso)
18
Q

What is a PX Sherry?

A

PX = Pedro Ximenez

  • sweet sherry with white Pedro Ximenez grapes that have been concentrated by the sun.
19
Q

How is a PX Sherry made?

A
  • grapes concentrated by sun drying
  • Fortified and oxidized in Solera
20
Q

What is the profile of a Pedro Ximenez sherry?

A
  • Almost black in colour
  • Sweet
  • Pronounced dried fruit flavours (fig, prune, raisin)
  • Often used to sweeten cream sherries
21
Q

What is Port?

A
  • Sweet fortified wine made from grapes in Upper Douro region - Portugal
  • Blend of local black grape varieties.
22
Q

Is Port a blend or a single varietal?

A

Blend

  • Typically a blend of several local black grape varieties.
  • Most ports blends of different vintages.
23
Q

List the steps in the Port winemaking process?

A
  • After harvest, rapidly extract colour and tannins from grape skins.
  • Traditionally (foot treading)
  • Ferment
  • Add Grape Spirit (stops fermentation)
  • Results in sweet wine /high alcohol
  • Maturef for period of time
  • Blend
  • Bottle
24
Q

What are the Six styles of Port?

A
  • Ruby Style
  • Ruby
  • Reserve Ruby
  • LBV (Late Bottle Vintage)
  • Vintage
  • Tawny Style
25
Q

What is a profile of a Ruby-Style Port?

A
  • Deeply coloured
  • Fruity
  • Sweet
  • Low Tannin
  • Flavours of black fruit (black cherry, blackberry)
  • Sometimes Spice (black Pepper)
26
Q

How to Make Port?

A
  • Crush and Press local black grape varieties
  • Ferment
  • Fortify
  • Age in large oak casks (or stainless steel)
  • Bottle
27
Q

What is the profile of a Reserve Ruby Port?

A
  • Better quality than Ruby port
  • Greater flavour intensity
  • Sometimes Matured longer to soften tannins and integrate added alcohol
28
Q

What is the profile of a LBV (Late Bottled Vintage) Port?

A
  • Similar in style to Reserve Ruby Port
  • Single vintage
29
Q

What is the profile of a Vintage Port?

A
  • Made from highest quality wines from single exceptional vintage
  • Can mature in bottle for at least 20 years or longer.
  • Only declared in best years of vintage
30
Q

What is profile of a typical Vintage Port?

A
  • Garnet colour (changes from Ruby to garnet in long aging)
  • Complex tertiary aromas (dried fruit, leather, coffee)
  • Thick sediment
31
Q

What is the profile of a typical expensive Tawny-Style Port?

A
  • Tawny colour (from extended oxidative aging)
  • Dried fruits (walnut, coffee, caramel)
  • Can age from 10 - 40 years or more
32
Q

What is the profile of a typical inexpensive Tawny Port?

A
  • Simple
  • fruity
  • low tannin
  • pale colour

IWEG Level 2 Wines (19 decks)

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