Spanish Colonial California Flashcards
mission
a religious settlement where Spanish priests taught Native Americans the Roman Catholic faith
missionaries
priests who worked at the missions
What was Spanish king Jose de Galvez’s plan?
Set up missions in Alta California
sacred
having religious importance
Who did the king of Spain pick for the expedition?
Gaspar de Portola, a captain in the Spanish army to lead the expedition and Spanish priest Junipero Serra to set up missions.
Why did Galvez want to create missions in California?
He thought other countries would soon be interested in Calif. Russian hunters were already trapping sea otters on lands along the coast north of California.
settlement
new community
What was Galvez expedition route?
3 groups would travel be sea and 2 groups by land. They would all meet in San Diego to build a settlement.
How many people set out for California?
300
How many groups traveled on the Sacred Expedition?
2 groups by sea because one ship was lot at sea; and two groups by land. The first land expedition was led by Father Juan Crespi, the second land group was led by Portola. This group brought more supplies and animals.
Where was the first mission?
in San Diego naming it San Diego de Alcala
What were the goals of the Sacred Expedition?
- reading San Diego Bay
2. locate monterey Bay
What is the El Camino Real or the King’s Highway?
The route that one day would connect all the California mission from San Diego to Sonoma.
Where did they settle the second mission?
In Monterey naming it San Carlos Borromeo.
How many missions did Serra set up between San Diego and San Francisco?
9
After Serra’s death more missions were founded. How many total are there?
21
On which of Portola’s three trips did he and his group finally find Monterey Bay?
The 3rd trip he found it with Father Serra.
Why didn’t Portola find Monterey Bay?
They went right past Monterey Bay probably because Vizcaino described the bay as being much larger than it actually was.
How do you think the Spanish government’s decision to build missions affected the future of California?
There is a lot of Spanish influence in California.
What prompted the Spanish to return to California?
They wanted to set up missionaries.
time line
a diagram that shows when events took place
Did Portola reach Monterey before or after he became governor of Puebla?
before
What year did Portola go on the Sacred of Expedition?
1769
How many years passed between Portola’s journey on the Sacred Expedition and his death?
15 years
When was the first mission founded?
1769
What did the Native Americans and missionaries do at the missions?
*
What caused a decrease in the Native Americans during the mission period?
epidemic disease
What caused the Native Americans to move to the missions?
*
How long did it take to walk to each mission?
*
founded
*
alcalde
mayor who was also a judge
pueblo
towns that focused on farming
What did spanish missionaries want to do?
Teach Christianity to the Native American people and change their way of life.
convert
change
What brought Native Americans to the missions?
- Curiosity about the Spanish.
- some thought there was a link to the spirit world
- some were attracted to the music and ceremony
- parents came because they wanted to be with their children.
- as missions grew native americans lost their land to hunt and gather food so relied on the mission farms to survive.
- force
What was life at the mission?
- farming
2. religious services
Why did epidemics occur among the Native Americans?
The Spanish brought many diseases with them - smallpox, measles, and other diseases were common in Europe but new to the Native Americans.
neophytes
new believers in Christianity
How did mission life affect California’s Native Americans?
Daily life was a set daily pattern. Breakfast, the n church, missions field or animals, or skill, then more prayers.
revolts
violent attacks
What impact did the missions have on the Native Americans hunting and gathering economy?
As the missions grew they occupied more land and as a result many Native Americans could no longer hunt and gather enough food for their families and needed food from the mission farms to survive.
In what ways did the Native Americans resist the missionaries?
they organized attacks, some resisted learning the Spanish Language, some broke tools or worked slowly, some ran away, while other stole livestock.
How did Father Serra affect California’s future?
Serra’s leadership helped to give Calif its rich Spanish heritage.
How many missions did Father Serra find?
9
What happened when Father Serra went to Mexico City in 1772?
He asked the government to help keep his missions supplied and to help build new ones.
presidios
military forts where spanish solders lived
What did the leather jacket soldiers do?
- protect missions
- delivered letters between missions
- helped in exploring, hunting, building and farming
Who is Don Felipe de Neve?
He founded the first pueblo in San Jose, California
pobladores
settlers
Where was the 2nd pueblo?
Los Angeles
Where was the 3rd pueblo?
Santa Cruz
What helped the pueblos to be successful?
- having an organized system of government
- offering land to those who offered to sell food to the presidios
- settlers also did not have to pay taxes for 5 years
Who is Juan Bautista de Anza?
He took settlers to California on a new overland route from Arizona to San Francisco Bay.
