Spanish Colonial Architecture Flashcards
On November 19 or 20, 1564 a Spanish expedition of a mere 500 men led by ________ departed ___________, New Spain, arriving off Cebu on February 13,1565, conquering it despite Cebuano opposition
Miguel López de Legazpi
Barra de Navidad
Instruments of Urbanism
Instruments of Urbanism
▪ Reducción
▪ Encomienda system
▪ System of cities and
towns
▪ Cuadricula
▪ Colonial infrastructures
Forced urbanization and resettlement
Reducción
Native peoples, many of whom had lived in small villages or hamlets before contact with Europeans, were forcibly relocated to these new settlements.
Reducción
The formerly scattered barangays were brought together and reduced in number and made into 2. _________ to facilitate religious conversion and cultural change
- Reducción
- compact and larger communities
___________, under the sound of the bells.
De Bajo de las campanas
The colony was divided into parcels assigned to a Spanish colonist (encomendero) who was mandated to “allocate, allot or distribute” the resources of the domain
Encomienda
Encomienda System
The colony was divided into parcels assigned to a Spanish colonist 1. (____________) who was mandated to 2. “___________” the resources of the domain
- encomendero
- “allocate, allot or distribute”
The institution of a hierarchal settlement system.
System of Cities and Towns
_____________, core of the municipality
Cabecera (city) or poblacion (town)
__________, adjacent barangays
Barrios
Patterned after the walled fortresses of Europe
Intramuros
Reserved for the nobility and the clergy
Intramuros
___________, the Walled City
Intramuros
Living beyond the walls
Extramuros
________, villages outside the walls
Pueblos
__________, a separate urban quarter designated to the Chinese community
Parian
________, Japanese community
Dilao
A system of streets and blocks laid out in a grid pattern, with uniform precision.
Cuadricula
The Laws of the Indies, 1573
Characteristics:
Characteristics:
▪ elevated location
▪ an orderly grid of streets
▪a central plaza, a defensive wall, and zones for churches, shops, government buildings, hospitals, and slaughterhouses.
Encapsulates the 2. ___________ of urban design proposed by Vitruvius and Alberti.
- The Laws of the Indies, 1573
- classicist theories
Grid pattern of streets with the main plaza at the center surrounded by the church, the tribunal, other government buildings, and the marketplace
Plaza Complex
New building typologies and construction technology was introduced
Colonial Infrastructures
Edifices for religious conversion
Churches
Church Complex
Church
Convento
Campanarios
Characterized by heavy stone walls, moats, and grid road layouts. Bastions, keeps, and watchtowers were also built to cover blind spots
Fortresses
Monumental civic architecture epitomized the colonial institutions under the Spanish governance.
Institutional Buildings
The various religious orders fulfilled the missionary tasks of bringing education, healthcare, and social welfare to the indigenous subjects.
Educational and Scientific Buildings
Because of the Hispanic urban program, living standards were elevated through urban infrastructure and public works.
Industrial Buildings
Spain attempted to establish an Asian trading empire to be based in Manila. Soon the city became one of the major colonial port cities in Southeast Asia
Commercial Buildings
Dwellings reflecting the differences in social class
Domestic Structures
Evolved from the need of migrant laborers for cheap housing in commercial and industrial areas
Accesorias
Apartment dwellings
______________, each unit; has azaguan, sala and sleeping quarters.
Vivienda
(Accesorias Apartment dwellings)
A housing prototype which combined elements of the 2. __________ and 3. ___________ building traditions to prevent the dangers posed by fire, earthquakes and cyclones.
- Bahay na bato
- indigenous
- Hispanic
A new hybrid-type of construction, coined by Jesuit Francisco Ignacio Alcina, which refers to structures built partly of wood and partly of stone.
Arquitectura Mestiza
Characteristics of a Bahay na bato
Generally has 1. __________, at times three.
The ground floor is made of cut 2. __________, the upper of 3. ________
Windows: ground floor, grillworks; second floor, sliding shutters with capiz shells or glass panels.
Capped by a _________ with a 45-degree-anglepitch
- two storeys
- stone or brick
- wood
- high hip roof
