Spanish Colonial Architecture Flashcards

1
Q

On November 19 or 20, 1564 a Spanish expedition of a mere 500 men led by ________ departed ___________, New Spain, arriving off Cebu on February 13,1565, conquering it despite Cebuano opposition

A

Miguel López de Legazpi
Barra de Navidad

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2
Q

Instruments of Urbanism

A

Instruments of Urbanism
▪ Reducción
▪ Encomienda system
▪ System of cities and
towns
▪ Cuadricula
▪ Colonial infrastructures

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3
Q

Forced urbanization and resettlement

A

Reducción

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4
Q

Native peoples, many of whom had lived in small villages or hamlets before contact with Europeans, were forcibly relocated to these new settlements.

A

Reducción

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5
Q

The formerly scattered barangays were brought together and reduced in number and made into 2. _________ to facilitate religious conversion and cultural change

A
  1. Reducción
  2. compact and larger communities
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6
Q

___________, under the sound of the bells.

A

De Bajo de las campanas

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7
Q

The colony was divided into parcels assigned to a Spanish colonist (encomendero) who was mandated to “allocate, allot or distribute” the resources of the domain

A

Encomienda

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8
Q

Encomienda System
The colony was divided into parcels assigned to a Spanish colonist 1. (____________) who was mandated to 2. “___________” the resources of the domain

A
  1. encomendero
  2. “allocate, allot or distribute”
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9
Q

The institution of a hierarchal settlement system.

A

System of Cities and Towns

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10
Q

_____________, core of the municipality

A

Cabecera (city) or poblacion (town)

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11
Q

__________, adjacent barangays

A

Barrios

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12
Q

Patterned after the walled fortresses of Europe

A

Intramuros

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13
Q

Reserved for the nobility and the clergy

A

Intramuros

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14
Q

___________, the Walled City

A

Intramuros

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15
Q

Living beyond the walls

A

Extramuros

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16
Q

________, villages outside the walls

17
Q

__________, a separate urban quarter designated to the Chinese community

18
Q

________, Japanese community

19
Q

A system of streets and blocks laid out in a grid pattern, with uniform precision.

A

Cuadricula

20
Q

The Laws of the Indies, 1573
Characteristics:

A

Characteristics:
▪ elevated location
▪ an orderly grid of streets
▪a central plaza, a defensive wall, and zones for churches, shops, government buildings, hospitals, and slaughterhouses.

21
Q

Encapsulates the 2. ___________ of urban design proposed by Vitruvius and Alberti.

A
  1. The Laws of the Indies, 1573
  2. classicist theories
22
Q

Grid pattern of streets with the main plaza at the center surrounded by the church, the tribunal, other government buildings, and the marketplace

A

Plaza Complex

23
Q

New building typologies and construction technology was introduced

A

Colonial Infrastructures

24
Q

Edifices for religious conversion

25
Church Complex
Church Convento Campanarios
26
Characterized by heavy stone walls, moats, and grid road layouts. Bastions, keeps, and watchtowers were also built to cover blind spots
Fortresses
27
Monumental civic architecture epitomized the colonial institutions under the Spanish governance.
Institutional Buildings
28
The various religious orders fulfilled the missionary tasks of bringing education, healthcare, and social welfare to the indigenous subjects.
Educational and Scientific Buildings
29
Because of the Hispanic urban program, living standards were elevated through urban infrastructure and public works.
Industrial Buildings
30
Spain attempted to establish an Asian trading empire to be based in Manila. Soon the city became one of the major colonial port cities in Southeast Asia
Commercial Buildings
31
Dwellings reflecting the differences in social class
Domestic Structures
32
Evolved from the need of migrant laborers for cheap housing in commercial and industrial areas
Accesorias Apartment dwellings
33
______________, each unit; has azaguan, sala and sleeping quarters.
Vivienda (Accesorias Apartment dwellings)
34
A housing prototype which combined elements of the 2. __________ and 3. ___________ building traditions to prevent the dangers posed by fire, earthquakes and cyclones.
1. Bahay na bato 2. indigenous 3. Hispanic
35
A new hybrid-type of construction, coined by Jesuit Francisco Ignacio Alcina, which refers to structures built partly of wood and partly of stone.
Arquitectura Mestiza
36
Characteristics of a Bahay na bato Generally has 1. __________, at times three. The ground floor is made of cut 2. __________, the upper of 3. ________ Windows: ground floor, grillworks; second floor, sliding shutters with capiz shells or glass panels. Capped by a _________ with a 45-degree-anglepitch
1. two storeys 2. stone or brick 3. wood 4. high hip roof