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MS 2020 - Spain/Portugal > Spain - General/Rioja/Navarra/Aragon > Flashcards

Spain - General/Rioja/Navarra/Aragon Flashcards

1
Q

Who/where/when was vini/viticulture AS A COMMODITY introduced to the Iberian Peninsula?

A

The Phoenicians, near Cadiz, circa 1100 BCE. Viticulture already had a history, as grapes are native to the region.

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2
Q

Which conquerors of Spain forbade the consumption and sale of alcohol (wine)?

A

The Moors

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3
Q

Which wine may have been the first vinous export to the New World colonies?

A

Sherry

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4
Q

What event caused both increased exports of Spanish wine to France, and the arrival of French winemakers and new technologies to Spain?

A

Phylloxera’s arrival in France

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5
Q

What led to the use of barrique, and the new practice of estate bottling, toward the end of the 19th C.?

A

Winemakers arriving (or returning) from the Medoc to Spain - particularly Rioja and Ribera del Duero - Marqués de Riscal and Marqués de Murrieta

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6
Q

What led to the dominance of American oak in the late 19th C Spanish wines?

A

Economic decision - American oak was cheaper and more readily available via the established transatlantic trade

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7
Q

Which notable Rioja wineries were already operating by the late 19th c?

A

López de Heredia, CVNE, La Rioja Alta, and Berceo

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8
Q

During which era was Spanish sparkling wine created?

A

late 19th C

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9
Q

What were some (big picture) challenges to the wine industry in Spain during the 20th C?

A

Arrival of phylloxera around the turn of the century, civil and world wars, and economic depression under Franco’s fascist regime that lasted into the 70s.

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10
Q

What are the two highest tiers of Spain’s appellation designations?

A

Denominación de Origen (DO) and the superior Denominación de Origen Calificada (DOCa)

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11
Q

What is Spain’s IGP equivalent?

A

Vino de la Tierra (VdlT)

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12
Q

Is Spain’s Vinos de Calidad con Indicación Geográfica (VCIG) considered an EU DO or IGP?

A

it is in the DO/DOP tier

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13
Q

Why did Spain’s exports to France rise, and then steeply fall, during the later half of the 19th c?

A

Post phylloxera, Spanish wines were heavily imported to France to fill the void. Then, steep tariffs were placed on imports, and Algerian wines became the go-to.

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14
Q

Is chaptalization legal in Spain?

A

NO

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15
Q

Crianza aging (for Spain, Rioja, Ribera del Duero):

A

Spain: Tinto - 6 mo. in barrel, 2 years total; Blanco/Rosado - 6 months in barrel, 18 mo. total aging

Rioja: red - 1 year in barrel, 2 years total; Crianza blanco/rosado - min. 2 years, including at least 6 months in oak

Ribera del Duero: Tinto - 1 year in barrel, 2 years total; Rosado: min. 18 months, including at least 6 months in oak

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16
Q

Reserva aging (for Spain, Rioja, Ribera del Duero):

A

Spain: Tinto - 1 year in barrel, 3 years total; Blanco/Rosado - 6 months in barrel, 2 years total

Rioja: red - 1 year in barrel, 6 months in bottle, 3 years total; Reserva Blanco/Rosado: 6 months in barrel, 2 years total

Ribera del Duero: Tinto only - 1 year in barrel, 3 years total

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17
Q

Gran Reserva aging (for Spain, Rioja, Ribera del Duero):

A

Spain: Tinto - 18 months in barrel, 5 years total; Blanco/Rosado - 6 months in barrel, 4 years total

Rioja: Tinto - 2 years in barrel, 2 years in bottle, 5 years total; Blanco/Rosado - 6 months in barrel, min. 4 years total

Ribera del Duero: Tinto only - 2 years in barrel, 3 years in bottle, 5 years total

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18
Q

Does Rioja or Ribera del Duero have the longer bottle aging requirement for Gran Reserva?

A

Ribera del Duer0 (3 years vs. 2)

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19
Q

“Noble”

A

18 months aging in a cask of less than 600 L or bottle

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20
Q

“Añejo”

A

24 months aging in a cask of less than 600 L or bottle

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21
Q

“Viejo”

A

36 months aging, demonstrates marked oxidative character

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22
Q

What are the “authorized” red grapes of Rioja?

A

Tempranillo, Mazuelo (Carignan), Graciano, and Garnacha, and as of 2007 - Maturana Tinta

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23
Q

In Rioja, authorized grapes must constitute what percent of the blend?

A

95% if esteemed, and 85% if whole cluster

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24
Q

What is the required cask size for Rioja?

A

225L (approximately)

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25
Q

The new Rioja regulations allow what sweetness designations for sparkling wine?

A

Brut Nature: Inferior a 3 g/l sin adición de azúcar después de la segunda fermentación
• Extra brut: entre 0 y 6 g/l
• Brut - less than 12 g/l

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26
Q

What is the Spanish name for bush trained vines?

A

“en vaso”

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27
Q

What is the new name for single vineyard selections in Rioja? What are the requirements?

A

Viñedos Singulares

1) Single Vineyards to appear on labels must be approved by the regulatory board, and produced by a winery with a at least a 10 year history of working with the vineyard, that must have Vines at least 35 years of age.
2) The harvest of grapes destined for a single vineyard wine must be communicated to the Consejo Regulador prior to harvest
3) All single vineyard wines must be manually harvested.
4) The Consejo Regulador may assume control of a vineyard destined to be singularly labeled from July 1st to ensure that it is not manipulated, and that it corresponds to the yield and farming requirements

28
Q

What are the new tiers of quality rating for Rioja?

A

Viñedos Singulares (single vineyard)

Vinos de Municipio

Vinos de Zona

29
Q

What are Vinos de Municipio?

A

Effectively Rioja’s Village category, this regulation states that the grapes must come from the village or municipality indicated on the label (with up to 15 percent permitted to come from a neighboring village).

30
Q

What are Vinos de Zona?

A

This category covers the labelling of wines from the larger of Rioja’s subregions: Rioja Alta, Rioja Alavesa, and Rioja Oriental (formerly called Rioja Baja). Up to 15 percent of the grapes that feature these subregions on the label can come from a neighboring Zona.

31
Q

What is Vino Espumosa Gran Añada?

A

New, vintage dated sparkling wine designation in Rioja

32
Q

Vino Espumosa Calidad must be 100% from stated vintage?

A

True

33
Q

Vino Espumosa Calidad requirements -

A

1) Traditional method
2) Hand harvesting
3) Entire winemaking process must take place at the same location.
4) No additions, coloring or filtration at any point throughout the production
5) Transfer method allowed for bottles smaller than 750mL or larger than 3L

34
Q

Soils of Rioja Alta

A

Rioja Alta’s northern areas are characterized by yellow calcareous clay (arcillo-calcareo), whereas the lower slopes south of the Ebro River contain reddish, iron-rich clay soils (arcillo-ferroso).

35
Q

Soils of Rioja Alavesa

A

This subzone has the highest concentration of calcareous clay soils, the dominant soil type between the Cantabrian Mountains and the north bank of the Ebro River.

36
Q

Soils of Rioja Oriental

A

It has some iron-rich clay, but most of the lower, flatter areas are characterized by alluvial, silty soils.

37
Q

Authorized grapes for Rioja Blanco (and Vino Espumosa Calidad blanco)

A

Principal White Grapes, min. 50%: Viura, Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Verdejo
Secondary White Grapes: Malvasía, Garnacha Blanca, Tempranillo Blanca, Maturana Blanca, Turruntés

38
Q

Rioja rosado, and Vino Espumosa Calidad rosado, authorized grapes

A

Rosado: min. 25% combined Tempranillo, Mazuelo, Garnacha Tinta, Maturana Tinta and Graciano

39
Q

Which zones of Rioja experience a more continental climate? Which one a more Mediterranean?

A

Alta, Alavesa - continental; Oriental - Mediterranean

40
Q

What are the sub zones of Navarra?

A

Ribera Alta, Ribera Baja, Baja Montaña, Tierra Estella, Valdizarbe

41
Q

Which three climates meet and influence Navarra?

A

Atlantic, in the northeast (Tierra Estela); Continental in the northwest (Baja Montana); and Mediterranean in the south (Ribera Baja)

42
Q

Where is Arinzano found? What grapes do they use?

A

In Navarra, in the Tierra Estella subzone. Tempranillo, blended with Cab and Merlot

43
Q

What are the 3 DO Pago in Navarra?

A

Arínzano, 2007, Navarra (Tierra Estella)

Prado de Irache, 2008, Navarra (Tierra Estella)

Otazu, 2009, Navarra (Valdizarbe)

44
Q

What DO Pago is in Aragón?

A

Aylés, 2011, Aragón (Cariñena)

45
Q

What river separates Rioja Oriental from Rioja Alta and Alavesa?

A

The Iregua

46
Q

Who makes the Castillo Ygay wines?

A

Marques de Murietta

47
Q

What are L. de Heredia’s two vineyards?

A

Bosconia and Tondonia

48
Q

What are 5 producers in Rioja Alta?

A

CVNE, Lopez de Heredia, Muga, La Rioja Alta, Bodegas Hermanos de Peciña, Finca Allende, Bodegas Marqués de Cáceres

49
Q

5 Producers in Rioja Alavesa

A

Bodegas Valdemar, Marques de Riscal, Bodegas Ysios, Bodegas Palacio, Remelluri

50
Q

What does CVNE stand for?

A

Compañía Vinícola del Norte de España

51
Q

Why is there an anomalous section of Rioja Alta that is east of the Iregua river, past Logrono?

A

To give Marques de Murrieta the right to use Alta instead of Baja/Oriental

52
Q

Where is the Batalla de Vino held?

A

in Haro

53
Q

What styles of wine are produced in Navarra DO?

A 
Blanco
Rosado (Garnacha preferred)
Tinto
Vino de Licor (Moscatel)
---
historically important for Rosado production
54
Q

Authorized white grapes of Navarra DO

A

Garnacha Blanca, Viura, Malvasía, Moscatel de grano menudo, Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc

55
Q

Authorized red grapes of Navarra DO

A

Tempranillo, Garnacha Tinta, Graciano, Mazuelo, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Syrah, Pinot Noir

56
Q

What is the name in Spain of the regional authority for grape growing/wine production?

A

Consejo Regulador

57
Q

What is another name for Mazuelo?

A

Carignan

58
Q

What are the four DOs of Aragón?

A

Somontano, Calatayud, Campo de Borja, Cariñena DOs

59
Q

What is Vino de Aguja?

A

Semi-sparkling wine, found in Calatayud and Cariñena

60
Q

What is the largest DO of Aragón?

A

Calatayud DO

61
Q

Which Aragón DO is closest to Catalunya?

A

Somontano DO

62
Q

Principal soils of Somontano:

A

clay and limestone - at the foot of the Pyrenees

63
Q

Which Aragón DO forms an extension to the south of Navarra?

A

Campo de Borja

64
Q

Carinena DO soils and grapes:

A

predominantly Miocene clay soils, with gravel, brown limestone, and slate

Blanco: Chardonnay, Garnacha Blanca, Macabeo, Parallada, Moscatel de Alejandría

Tinto: Cariñena (Mazuela), Garnacha Tinta, Cabernet Sauvignon, Juan Ibáñez, Tempranillo, Monastrell, Merlot, Vidadillo, Syrah

65
Q

Which Aragón DO contains some land designated for Cava DO?

A

Carinena

66
Q

Name 2 Somontano producers

A

Vinas del Vero, Enate

MS 2020 - Spain/Portugal (7 decks)

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