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Spain (General) Flashcards

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1
Q

in what era Spanish wines had made improvement?

A

1960s
with modern winemaking equipment and technology, modern viticultural methods, importation of quality grape varieties

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2
Q

what are the traditional white grape varieties in Spain?

A

•Macabéo (Viura)
•Xarel-lo
•Parellada

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3
Q

what are the traditional red grape varieties in Spain?

A

•Tempranillo
•Garnacha
•Cariñena
•Monastrell (Mourvèdre)

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4
Q

what is the synonym for Mourvèdre in Spain?

A

Monastrell

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5
Q

what is the synonym for Viura in Spain?

A

Macabéo

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6
Q

what are the international grape varieties in Spain?

A

•Cabernet Sauvignon
•Merlot
•Pinot Noir
•Muscat
•Chardonnay

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7
Q

Spanish wines are governed by who?

A

Instituto de Denominaciónes de Origen (INDO)

controlled by administrative growers’ committees or Consejos Regulador

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8
Q

how many quality levels are there in INDO?

A

SIX

can be under DOP:
•DOCa / DOQ
•DO
•VP
•VC

•IGP / VT / Vino de Mesa
•Vino d’Espagna

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9
Q

what is Vino d’Espagna / Vino de Mesa (VdM)?

A

lowest category table wine, may be sold under a region or vintage

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10
Q

what is Vino de la Tierra (VT)?

A

Indicación Geográfica Protegida (IGP) in Spain

(must contain 60% from the stated region)

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11
Q

what is Vino de Calidad con Indicación Geográfica (VC)?

A

(level below DO)
-do not fully meet the stringent standards of DO wines
-but are above IGP / VT wines
-for those who are attempting to upgrade to DOP status, must wait for minimum of 5 years at this level

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12
Q

What is Denominación de Origen Protegida (DOP)?

A

-previously known as DO(still permitted to use), similar to AOP in France
-each DO/P is enforced by Consejo Regulador
(have to wait minimum 10 years to upgrade to DOCa)

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13
Q

what is Denominación de Origen Calificada (DOCa)?

A

the highest classification in Spain
(also regulated by Consejo Regalado

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14
Q

what is DOCa in Catalonia?

A

Denominación de Origen Qualificada (DOQ)

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15
Q

what are the regions that acquired DOCa?

A

Priorat DOQ & Rioja DOCa

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16
Q

what is single vineyard, estate wines called in Spain?

A

Vino de Pago

17
Q

if Vino de Pago has its own DO/P?

A

-top quality wines from single estate
-quality not necessarily higher than DO/P or DOCa
-wines must from single estate and produced at the estate
-producers who buys in grapes, wineries not on the estate not allowed to use

18
Q

how many Denominaciónes de Origen (DOs) in Spain currently?

A

69
(as of 2024)

19
Q

how many Denominación de Origen Protegida (DOPs) in Spain currently?

A

97 DOPs

subdivided into:
•2 DOCa (Denominación de Origen Calificada)
•69 DO (Denominación de Origen)
•19 VP (Vino de Pago)
•7 VC (Vino de Calidad con Indicación Geográfica)

(sub-categories can be called DOP or they use the traditional term)

20
Q

what is the requirement for DO?

A

-permitted grapes and wines must from the region
-production levels
-winemaking methods
-aging
-production quality need to be recognised at least 5 years (from IGP)

21
Q

what is the requirement for DOCa?

A

-must acquired DO status for a minimum 10 years
-wines must be produced and bottled in the bodega of origin
-controlled yield, quality

22
Q

what are the best known DOs?

A

•Calatayud
•Cariñena
•Cava
•Jerez
•Jumilla
•la Mancha
•Málaga
•Montilla-Moriles
•Montsant
•Navarra
•Penedès
•Priorat
•Rias Baixas
•Ribeiro
•Ribera del Duero
•Rioja
•Rueda
•Somontano
•Tarragona
•Toro
•Uclés
•Utiel-Requena
•Valdepenãs
•Valencia

23
Q

what are the aging criteria in Spain?

A

•Joven
•Crianza
•Reserva
•Gran Reserva

24
Q

Joven aging criteria?

A

no cask aging, or lesser than Crianza

25
Q

what is Crianza?

A

Red wines: mature 24 months following harvest including 6 months of aging in barricas (225 litre oak casks)

White & Rosé wines: mature 18 months including 6 months in barricas

26
Q

aging criteria for Reserva?

A

Red Wines: mature 36 months following harvest including 12 months in barricas

White & Rosé wines: mature 24 months including 6 months in barricas

27
Q

Gran Reserva aging criteria?

A

•only made in exceptional year

Red Wines: mature 60 months following harvest including 18 months in barricas

White & Rosé wines: mature 48 months including 6 months in barricas

28
Q

what is Noblé?

A

wine has been matured for 18 months in cask (max 600 litres) or in bottle

29
Q

what is Anejo?

A

wine has been aged for 24 months in cask (max 600 litres) or in bottle

30
Q

what is Viejo?

A

•wine must show an oxidative character
•wine must undergo 36 months aging, minimum of 12 months in cask (max 600 litres)

31
Q

what are the synonyms for Tempranillo?

A

In Spain:
•Ull de Llebre
•Cencible**
•Tinto Fino
•Tinto del Pais

In Portugal:
•Aragonez
•Tinta Roriz

32
Q

what is the most planted white grape in Spain?

A

Airén
(usually for distillation into brandy and industrial alcohol)

33
Q

when was Vino de Pago introduced?

A

introduced in 2000, implemented on 2003

34
Q

who are the first to get Vino de Pago?

A

Dominio de Valdepusa & Finca Élez
(2003)

CMS (9 decks)

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