Spain Flashcards
What are the 4 classifications of wine Spain
Denominacion de Origen Calificada (DOCa), Denominacion de Origen (DO), Indication Geografica Protegida (IGP), Vino
DOCa is known as what in Catalan?
DOQ
What was the first DOCa in Spain and what year?
Rioja, 1991. Though DOCa was established in 1988
Vino de Pago
Denominacion de Origen de Pago (DO or DOCa) special category introduced in 2003. Reserved for Single estates (pago-vineyard), highest international reputation. May be outside traditional DO/Ca areas. Estates must grow own grapes.
Does a vino de pago have to grow traditional grapes of their respected region?
No. But they must grow their own grapes
If a Vino de Pago is also a DOCa member, what can be on the label?
Vine de Pago Calificada
Ageing requirements for Vino Joven
less than crianza
Ageing requirements for Crianza
red: 2 years (6 mo oak casks), white: 18 months (6 months in casks)
Ageing requirements for Reserva
red: 3 years (1 year in casks), white: 2 years (6 months in casks)
Ageing requirements for Gran Reserva
red: 5 years (18 months casks), white: 4 years (6 months casks)
Ageing terms for in barrel or bottle: Noble, Anejo, Viejo
Noble: 12 months aging in a cask of less than 600L or bottle, Anejo: 24 months of aging in cask of less than 600 L or bottle, Viejo: 36 months in cask less than 600L or bottle, wines must show oxidative character
Cosecha
Harvest
Vendimia
Vintage (harvest)
Espumoso
Sparkling wine
Engarrafado por
Bottled by
Vinero
vineyard owner, grower
Doble Pasta
macerated and fermented with twice the normal amount of skins and pulp -> intense wine concentration, tannin and colour. Often used to strengthen weaker blends.
Aguja
slightly sparkling wine
Orujo
pomace/marc/grappa
Red grapes of Spain
Tempranillo, Garnacha, Monastrell, Mazuelo, Graciano, Mencia, Syrah, Cabernet, Carinenea
White grapes of Spain
Airen, Palomino, Albarino, Verdejo, Chardonnay, Pedro Ximinez, Xarel-lo, Paralleda, Macabeo (Viura)
Albarino. Where is is found? What are some synonyms? Common belding partners.
Native to Galicia, “white grape from the Rhein”, Albari–o is Australia is Savagnin. Syn Spain: Galego, Azal Blanco, Syn Portugal: Alvarinho, Cainho Branco, Galeguinho. Prefers sand and alluvial soiltops with rocky subsoil (granite). Common blending partners include: Treixadura, Loureiro, Caino Blanco
DO’s in Galicia Region and where is it located
in Green Spain. Rias Baixas, Ribeiro, Valdeorras, Ribeira Sacra, Monterrei
Rias Baixas DO
Region: Galicia Climate: wet, maritime, White Grapes: Albarino (100% if named), Treixadura, Loureiro , Red grapes: Cai–o, Espadeiro, Menc’a, Enforcado
5 subzones of Rias Baixas
Val do Salnes, O Rosal, Condado do Tea, Soutomajor, Ribera do Ulla
Ribeiro DO
Region: Galicia Confluence of rivers Mino, Avia & Arnoia
Grapes of Ribeiro DO
White: Albarino, Treixadura, Torrontes, Palomino
Reds: Caino, Garnacha
Vino Tostado
Ribeiro local specialty. Dried grape wine.
Ribeira Sacra DO region/grapes
Region: Galicia, White grapes: Albari–o, Godello, Treixadura, Loueira Red: Menc’a. Vineyards on extreme slopes
5 subzones of Ribeira Sacra
Amandi, Chantada, Quiroga-Bibei, Riberas do Mi–o, Riberas do Sil
Valdeorras DO
Region: Galicia - most inland DO, best
whites from Godello, Reds from Mencia, Joven wines aka “Golden Valley” from Roman Gold Mines
Monterrei DO
Region: Galicia , only has 5 Bodegas, 2 subzones: Val do Monterrei and Ladeira de Monterrei. Grapes: Verdello, Dona Blanca, Palomino; Menc’a, fresh Joven wines, very small production
Pais Vasco / Basque Country Grapes and DO’s
Located in Pyrenese Mountains (Italin influence).
White: Ondarribi Zuri (80% of plantings - unique to the area)
Red: Ondarribi Beltza, (Ojo de Gallo/rosado wines, min 50% Ondarrabi Belta).
3 DO’s Chacol’ de Guetaria, Chacol’ de Bizkaia, Chacol’ de Ëlava
DO’s of Casilla y Leon
Arlanza, Cigales, Rueda, Toro, Tierra del Vino de Zamora, Ribera del Duero, Arribes, Tierra de Leon, Bierzo
Bierzo
Region: Castilla y Leon, far north alost in Green Spain, Between Galicia and the Duero Valley. Sloped terraces vineyards at 5-600m. Reds: Mencia (60+% of vineyards), less interesting whites from Palomino, Godello and Dona Blanca
Ribera del Duero - region and climate
Region: Castilla y Leon, consistant high quality, extreme climate - 40 C days, big drop at night, frost a risk in the fall, vineyards planted at high altitude up to 800m
What is the Airen grape used for? What is special about it?
It is used for Brandy production. Most planted by acerage in the world (similar to Ugni blanc/Trebbiano)
3 Cava grapes
Xarel-lo, Paralleda, Macabeo (Viura) - can also use Chardonnay, P.Noir, Garnacha Tinta, Monastrell (Mourvedre), Trepat, Malvasia (Subriat)
main varieties of Ribera del Duero
Tempranillo and Bordeaux varieties (no white)
ageing requirements for Ribera del Duero
Crianza - 2 years (1 yr oak), Reserva - 3 years (1 year oak), Gran Reserva - 2years oak, 3 years bottle (5 yrs total), vino joven - don’t meet crianza requirements
Toro DO
Where is it? What are the grapes?
R: Castella y Leon G: Tinto de Toro/Tempranillo whites may be from Verdejo or Malvasia, roses are saignee blends of Tinto de Toro and Garnacha - good values, cheaper than Rib. Del Duero
Rueda
R: Castella y Leon , high quality white wines from Vedejo, S.Blanc , reds Tempranillo and Bordeaux blends since 2001
Rueda was formerly known for making what kind of white wine?
Oloroso style oxidized whites called Dorado (predominantly Verdejo)
Discuss Rioja’s geography
Some Atlantic influence but sheltered by Pyrenees (rain shadow), Cantabrian Mountains to NW, higher summer temps more inland. Ebro River from western Cantabrian Mountains
Rioja Subzones
Alta, Alavesa and Baja
Grapes of Rioja
R:Tempranillo, Garnacha, Graciano, Mazuelo W:Viura, Malvasia, Garnacha Blanca
What is the Viura grape known as in France?
macabelle
Rioja Alta geography, soils, and grapes
Best wines of the three subzones, clay soils best for whites (Viura), tempranillo planted on iron rich soils, warmer dryer climate than Alavesa
Rioja Alavesa
Maritime influence, highest rainfall of subzones, chalky soils produce lighest wine with finesse, tempranillo grape dominates
Rioja Baja
clay soils, warmer dryer climate than other subzones, Garnacha dominated - added to Alavesa and Alta wines in light years to give body
Rioja ageing requirements for Crianza
Crianza Blanca/Rose: 2 yr (min 6 mo oak) reminder in oak, stainless or bottle, Tinto: min 2yrs, 1 yr oak
Rioja ageing requirements for Reserva
Reserva Blanco/Rose: min 2 yr (min 6 mo oak) remainder in bottle or oak, Tinto: min 3 yr (min 1 yr oak)
Rioja ageing requirements for Gran Reserva
Gran Reserva Blanco/Rose: min 4 yr (6 mo oak) remainder in bottle or oak, Tinto: min 2 yr oak and 3 yr bottle.
what kind of trellising system do they use in Rioja Baja for Garnacha?
“en vaso” - bush vines
What are the 4 permitted training methods in Rioja
Cordon (single or double), En Vaso (bush vines),Vara y Pugar, Double Guyot - except for Viura, Malvasia and Garnacha Blanca
Great Rioja Vintage years
1971,1990, 1994, 2001, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009
What is EVENA research center and where is it located?
Spain’s most advnace viticultural and enological- based research center - from sub soils to quality control, located in Navarra
True or False - Rioja bottles in both Burgundy and Bordeaux bottles?
True: wines in Burgundy bottles always have richer flavour, more generous character and usually a little more alcohol
Name a very famous single vineyard in Rioja and some of their wines
Lopez de Heredia single vineyards.
Wines: El Bosque (Bosconia), Tondonia, Zaconia (Vina Gravonia), and Cubillo
Grapes of Navarra
R: Garnacha dominated, but being relaces with tempranillo, cab sauv, merlot. W: Viura, Malvasia and Chardonnay 70% red wine production, 25% rosado
5 subzones of Navarra
Valdizarbe and Baja Monta–a (The high altitude ones), Tierra Estella (In the North), Ribera Alta (in the center), Ribera Baja (hot southern sector)
DO (Vino) Pago’s in Navarra
Senorio de Arinzano and Prado Irache in Tierra Estella, and Bodegas Otazu in Valdizarbe
What does bodega mean
winery
Where is the Autonomia of Aragon
East of Rioja and Navarra
What are the 4 DO’s of Aragon?
Campo Borja, Calatayud, Carinena and Somontano
What grows in Calatayud?
Largest DO in Aragon, low yielding old vine plantations of Garnacha and Carinena
Where was the original home of the Italian Borgias family?
Campo de Borja, Aragon
Carinena DO
oldest region in Aragon, once highest profile. Birthplace of Carinena (only 6% of vineayards today), excellent old vine Garnacha, good value, high potential
Somontano DO
DO in Aragon, Rioja + internatioanl varieties - cab, syrah, p.noir, chard, gewurtz, cutting edge winemaking
Campo de Borja DO
DO in Aragon, Garnacha dominant rose from Garnacha and Tempranillo, White from Viura
Cataluna/Catalunya
industry reinvented, led by Miguel Torres. Introduced stainless steel fermentation, international varieties. Some of Spains most modern winemaking
12 DO’s of Catalonia
Priorato, Penedes, Catalunya, Alella, Emporada Costa Brava, Conca de Barbera, Pla de Bages, Costers del Segre, Montsant, Terra Alta, Tarragona, Cava
Priorat DOQ is within what other DO
Tarragona DO - All within Catalonia
Priorat DOCa/DOQ geography, climate and soils, styles
Rugged mountainous region, stony schistous soils and Llicorella (slate and quarzite), cooler, fresher less oaky wines than the North
What was the Gratallops project
Trying to revive the Priorat region, a group of co-ops planted vineyards around the town of Gratallops and planted Cab Sauv, Merlot, Syrah
Grapes in Priorat DOQ
Garnacha dominates, Carinena (old vines*), Cabernet, genernally tiny yields, outstanding concentration, character and price
black slate and quartz soil in known as ____ and found in _____.
Llicorella and Priorat
What are the 5 Clos of Priorato
Clos Mogador-Barbier’s, Clos Dofi-Palacios, Clos Erasmus, Clos de l’Obac, Clos Martinet - made one wine sold under 5 diff labels, the Gratallops project
Penedes DO 3 subzones
Baix Penedes, Medio Penedes, Alt Penedes
Baix Penedes
Lower flatland subregion of Penedes DO in Catalunya. Garnacha, Monastrell, Carinena and everyday whites.
Medio Penedes
Middle Penedes. Major producer of Parellada, Xarel-lo, Macabeo. Finest Cabs, Merlot and Tempranillo
Alt Penedes
Mountainous region of Penedes DO in Priorat. Coolest climate, well suited to Chardonnay, P.Noir, Tempranillo, Gewurz.
What is the wine style of Tarragona?
generally fortified rancio or mistela - Spanish version of vin de liqueur. Also make Cava grapes. Tarragona Clasico and Vino Vimblanc
also make vino espumosso and vino aguja
What is Tarragona Clasico?
100% Garnacha fortified wine aged a min 12 years in oak casks - from Tarragona
What is vino Vimblanc?
Vino de licor (fortified wine) made from overripe grapes - from Tarragona
Penedes is the center of _____ production
Cava
When was the first Cava made?
1872 by Josep Raventos (Cordoniu)
What is the main town that makes Cava?
San Sadurni d’Anoi, Penedes (70% of production)
Do you have to label Cava as DO Penedes?
No - can make Cava anywhere in Spain
9 grapes allowed in Cava production
Parellada, Xarel-lo, Macabeu, Chardonnay, P.Noir, Garnacha Tinta, Monastrell (Mourvedre), Trepat, Malvasia Subirat
Ageing requirements for Cava
min 9 mo on lees, 30 mo for Gran Reserva
Castilla La Mancha - geography and grapes
an Autonomia in Southern Spain with a large elevated central plateau “The Meseta”. Arid climate with extreme temperatures. Lots of white volume Airen (63%) Reds from Cencibel (tempranillo). Bulk wines for Spanish brandy.
What is the synonym for Tempranillo in Castilla La Mancha
Cencibel
8 DO’s in Castilla La Mancha
Valdepenas, La Mancha, Vinos de Madrid, Mentrida, Almansa, Ribera del Guadiana, Ribera del Jucar, Manchuela
2 main vinos de pagos in Castilla La Mancha
Dominio de Valdepusa and Finca Elez
mainly French grapes
irregation allowed. high octane wines
What is Dominio de Valdepusa
A vino de pago in Castilla la Mancha. Formerly Marques de Grinon -C.S., Syrah, P.Verdot has irregated vineyards
What is Finca Elez
A vino de pago in Castilla la Mancha. Vineyards planted at 1000+m, highest in mainland Spain. Chard, Cab, Melrot, Tempranillo, Syrah.
What are pre 2003 vintages of Finca Elez labelled as?
Manuel Manzaneque
La Mancha DO geo/climate
largest DO in Spain. Extremely sunny arid climate (120 days), low cost production, few insects, pests or disease. 20da/ha/yr of vineyard work sufficient
how are vines planted in La Mancha
in a marco real -2.5m space between vines in all directions , extremely low density
Valdepenas DO soils
DO of Castilla La Mancha producing high quality reserva and gran reserva wines since 13th century. Thick fertile soil overlaying limestone bedrock.
Valdepenas DO wine style
claretes (light reds), joven rosados and whites from Cencibel (Tempranillo) and Airen
What are the 7 DO’s of Levant (Murcia and Valencia)
Valencia, Utiel-Requena, Alicante, DO Pago Los Balagueses (all Valencia sibregions), Yecla, Jumilla, Bullas (Murcia subregions)
Grapes and wine styles in Levant
R: Monastrell + Garnacha, Tempranillo, Bobal (for doble pasta, really concentrated) W: Merseguera robust full reds, light, fresh, herby neutral whites. Also make some licorosos and rancios.
Alicante DO
in Levant (Valencia). Produces Fondillon - solera style oxidative dessert wine from overripe Monastrell. Aged a min 10 years. NOT fortified. DOES carry the flavour of wood
What is Monastrell also known as?
Mourvedre
What is Fondillon?
solera style oxidative dessert wine from overripe Monastrell. Aged a min 10 years. NOT fortified. DOES carry the flavour of wood. Made in Alicante DO
Utiel-Requena DO
Red wines using Bobal (Boba) grape and Doble Pasta style
Andaluc’a
Birthplace of Spanish wines, first vines planted. Now a Sherry region. Often sweet, high alcohol, soleo style. Main grapes are PX, Palomino, Zalema, Moscatel
What are the 2 winds that blow in Andaluc’a?
La vante from the W and Ponente (hot winds that shrivel grapes) from the E
Where can you find the grape Zalema?
Andalucia
4 DO’s of Andalucia
Condado de Huelva-Zalema, Montilla-Morilles-PX, Malaga & Sierras de Malaga (higher up in mountain), Jerez y Manzanilla
Who introduced stainless steel to Spain?
Miguel Torres
What is the main red grape of Ribera del Duero?
Tempranillo (Tinto de Pais)
and Bordeaux varieties
