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Old World > Spain > Flashcards

Spain Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 classifications of wine Spain

A

Denominacion de Origen Calificada (DOCa), Denominacion de Origen (DO), Indication Geografica Protegida (IGP), Vino

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2
Q

DOCa is known as what in Catalan?

A

DOQ

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3
Q

What was the first DOCa in Spain and what year?

A

Rioja, 1991. Though DOCa was established in 1988

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4
Q

Vino de Pago

A

Denominacion de Origen de Pago (DO or DOCa) special category introduced in 2003. Reserved for Single estates (pago-vineyard), highest international reputation. May be outside traditional DO/Ca areas. Estates must grow own grapes.

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5
Q

Does a vino de pago have to grow traditional grapes of their respected region?

A

No. But they must grow their own grapes

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6
Q

If a Vino de Pago is also a DOCa member, what can be on the label?

A

Vine de Pago Calificada

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7
Q

Ageing requirements for Vino Joven

A

less than crianza

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8
Q

Ageing requirements for Crianza

A

red: 2 years (6 mo oak casks), white: 18 months (6 months in casks)

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9
Q

Ageing requirements for Reserva

A

red: 3 years (1 year in casks), white: 2 years (6 months in casks)

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10
Q

Ageing requirements for Gran Reserva

A

red: 5 years (18 months casks), white: 4 years (6 months casks)

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11
Q

Ageing terms for in barrel or bottle: Noble, Anejo, Viejo

A

Noble: 12 months aging in a cask of less than 600L or bottle, Anejo: 24 months of aging in cask of less than 600 L or bottle, Viejo: 36 months in cask less than 600L or bottle, wines must show oxidative character

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12
Q

Cosecha

A

Harvest

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13
Q

Vendimia

A

Vintage (harvest)

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14
Q

Espumoso

A

Sparkling wine

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15
Q

Engarrafado por

A

Bottled by

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16
Q

Vinero

A

vineyard owner, grower

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17
Q

Doble Pasta

A

macerated and fermented with twice the normal amount of skins and pulp -> intense wine concentration, tannin and colour. Often used to strengthen weaker blends.

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18
Q

Aguja

A

slightly sparkling wine

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19
Q

Orujo

A

pomace/marc/grappa

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20
Q

Red grapes of Spain

A

Tempranillo, Garnacha, Monastrell, Mazuelo, Graciano, Mencia, Syrah, Cabernet, Carinenea

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21
Q

White grapes of Spain

A

Airen, Palomino, Albarino, Verdejo, Chardonnay, Pedro Ximinez, Xarel-lo, Paralleda, Macabeo (Viura)

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22
Q

Albarino. Where is is found? What are some synonyms? Common belding partners.

A

Native to Galicia, “white grape from the Rhein”, Albari–o is Australia is Savagnin. Syn Spain: Galego, Azal Blanco, Syn Portugal: Alvarinho, Cainho Branco, Galeguinho. Prefers sand and alluvial soiltops with rocky subsoil (granite). Common blending partners include: Treixadura, Loureiro, Caino Blanco

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23
Q

DO’s in Galicia Region and where is it located

A

in Green Spain. Rias Baixas, Ribeiro, Valdeorras, Ribeira Sacra, Monterrei

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24
Q

Rias Baixas DO

A

Region: Galicia Climate: wet, maritime, White Grapes: Albarino (100% if named), Treixadura, Loureiro , Red grapes: Cai–o, Espadeiro, Menc’a, Enforcado

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25
Q

5 subzones of Rias Baixas

A

Val do Salnes, O Rosal, Condado do Tea, Soutomajor, Ribera do Ulla

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26
Q

Ribeiro DO

A

Region: Galicia Confluence of rivers Mino, Avia & Arnoia

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27
Q

Grapes of Ribeiro DO

A

White: Albarino, Treixadura, Torrontes, Palomino

Reds: Caino, Garnacha

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28
Q

Vino Tostado

A

Ribeiro local specialty. Dried grape wine.

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29
Q

Ribeira Sacra DO region/grapes

A

Region: Galicia, White grapes: Albari–o, Godello, Treixadura, Loueira Red: Menc’a. Vineyards on extreme slopes

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30
Q

5 subzones of Ribeira Sacra

A

Amandi, Chantada, Quiroga-Bibei, Riberas do Mi–o, Riberas do Sil

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31
Q

Valdeorras DO

A

Region: Galicia - most inland DO, best

whites from Godello, Reds from Mencia, Joven wines aka “Golden Valley” from Roman Gold Mines

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32
Q

Monterrei DO

A

Region: Galicia , only has 5 Bodegas, 2 subzones: Val do Monterrei and Ladeira de Monterrei. Grapes: Verdello, Dona Blanca, Palomino; Menc’a, fresh Joven wines, very small production

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33
Q

Pais Vasco / Basque Country Grapes and DO’s

A

Located in Pyrenese Mountains (Italin influence).

White: Ondarribi Zuri (80% of plantings - unique to the area)

Red: Ondarribi Beltza, (Ojo de Gallo/rosado wines, min 50% Ondarrabi Belta).

3 DO’s Chacol’ de Guetaria, Chacol’ de Bizkaia, Chacol’ de Ëlava

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34
Q

DO’s of Casilla y Leon

A

Arlanza, Cigales, Rueda, Toro, Tierra del Vino de Zamora, Ribera del Duero, Arribes, Tierra de Leon, Bierzo

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35
Q

Bierzo

A

Region: Castilla y Leon, far north alost in Green Spain, Between Galicia and the Duero Valley. Sloped terraces vineyards at 5-600m. Reds: Mencia (60+% of vineyards), less interesting whites from Palomino, Godello and Dona Blanca

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36
Q

Ribera del Duero - region and climate

A

Region: Castilla y Leon, consistant high quality, extreme climate - 40 C days, big drop at night, frost a risk in the fall, vineyards planted at high altitude up to 800m

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37
Q

What is the Airen grape used for? What is special about it?

A

It is used for Brandy production. Most planted by acerage in the world (similar to Ugni blanc/Trebbiano)

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38
Q

3 Cava grapes

A

Xarel-lo, Paralleda, Macabeo (Viura) - can also use Chardonnay, P.Noir, Garnacha Tinta, Monastrell (Mourvedre), Trepat, Malvasia (Subriat)

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39
Q

main varieties of Ribera del Duero

A

Tempranillo and Bordeaux varieties (no white)

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40
Q

ageing requirements for Ribera del Duero

A

Crianza - 2 years (1 yr oak), Reserva - 3 years (1 year oak), Gran Reserva - 2years oak, 3 years bottle (5 yrs total), vino joven - don’t meet crianza requirements

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41
Q

Toro DO

Where is it? What are the grapes?

A

R: Castella y Leon G: Tinto de Toro/Tempranillo whites may be from Verdejo or Malvasia, roses are saignee blends of Tinto de Toro and Garnacha - good values, cheaper than Rib. Del Duero

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42
Q

Rueda

A

R: Castella y Leon , high quality white wines from Vedejo, S.Blanc , reds Tempranillo and Bordeaux blends since 2001

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43
Q

Rueda was formerly known for making what kind of white wine?

A

Oloroso style oxidized whites called Dorado (predominantly Verdejo)

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44
Q

Discuss Rioja’s geography

A

Some Atlantic influence but sheltered by Pyrenees (rain shadow), Cantabrian Mountains to NW, higher summer temps more inland. Ebro River from western Cantabrian Mountains

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45
Q

Rioja Subzones

A

Alta, Alavesa and Baja

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46
Q

Grapes of Rioja

A

R:Tempranillo, Garnacha, Graciano, Mazuelo W:Viura, Malvasia, Garnacha Blanca

47
Q

What is the Viura grape known as in France?

A

macabelle

48
Q

Rioja Alta geography, soils, and grapes

A

Best wines of the three subzones, clay soils best for whites (Viura), tempranillo planted on iron rich soils, warmer dryer climate than Alavesa

49
Q

Rioja Alavesa

A

Maritime influence, highest rainfall of subzones, chalky soils produce lighest wine with finesse, tempranillo grape dominates

50
Q

Rioja Baja

A

clay soils, warmer dryer climate than other subzones, Garnacha dominated - added to Alavesa and Alta wines in light years to give body

51
Q

Rioja ageing requirements for Crianza

A

Crianza Blanca/Rose: 2 yr (min 6 mo oak) reminder in oak, stainless or bottle, Tinto: min 2yrs, 1 yr oak

52
Q

Rioja ageing requirements for Reserva

A

Reserva Blanco/Rose: min 2 yr (min 6 mo oak) remainder in bottle or oak, Tinto: min 3 yr (min 1 yr oak)

53
Q

Rioja ageing requirements for Gran Reserva

A

Gran Reserva Blanco/Rose: min 4 yr (6 mo oak) remainder in bottle or oak, Tinto: min 2 yr oak and 3 yr bottle.

54
Q

what kind of trellising system do they use in Rioja Baja for Garnacha?

A

“en vaso” - bush vines

55
Q

What are the 4 permitted training methods in Rioja

A

Cordon (single or double), En Vaso (bush vines),Vara y Pugar, Double Guyot - except for Viura, Malvasia and Garnacha Blanca

56
Q

Great Rioja Vintage years

A

1971,1990, 1994, 2001, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009

57
Q

What is EVENA research center and where is it located?

A

Spain’s most advnace viticultural and enological- based research center - from sub soils to quality control, located in Navarra

58
Q

True or False - Rioja bottles in both Burgundy and Bordeaux bottles?

A

True: wines in Burgundy bottles always have richer flavour, more generous character and usually a little more alcohol

59
Q

Name a very famous single vineyard in Rioja and some of their wines

A

Lopez de Heredia single vineyards.

Wines: El Bosque (Bosconia), Tondonia, Zaconia (Vina Gravonia), and Cubillo

60
Q

Grapes of Navarra

A

R: Garnacha dominated, but being relaces with tempranillo, cab sauv, merlot. W: Viura, Malvasia and Chardonnay 70% red wine production, 25% rosado

61
Q

5 subzones of Navarra

A

Valdizarbe and Baja Monta–a (The high altitude ones), Tierra Estella (In the North), Ribera Alta (in the center), Ribera Baja (hot southern sector)

62
Q

DO (Vino) Pago’s in Navarra

A

Senorio de Arinzano and Prado Irache in Tierra Estella, and Bodegas Otazu in Valdizarbe

63
Q

What does bodega mean

A

winery

64
Q

Where is the Autonomia of Aragon

A

East of Rioja and Navarra

65
Q

What are the 4 DO’s of Aragon?

A

Campo Borja, Calatayud, Carinena and Somontano

66
Q

What grows in Calatayud?

A

Largest DO in Aragon, low yielding old vine plantations of Garnacha and Carinena

67
Q

Where was the original home of the Italian Borgias family?

A

Campo de Borja, Aragon

68
Q

Carinena DO

A

oldest region in Aragon, once highest profile. Birthplace of Carinena (only 6% of vineayards today), excellent old vine Garnacha, good value, high potential

69
Q

Somontano DO

A

DO in Aragon, Rioja + internatioanl varieties - cab, syrah, p.noir, chard, gewurtz, cutting edge winemaking

70
Q

Campo de Borja DO

A

DO in Aragon, Garnacha dominant rose from Garnacha and Tempranillo, White from Viura

71
Q

Cataluna/Catalunya

A

industry reinvented, led by Miguel Torres. Introduced stainless steel fermentation, international varieties. Some of Spains most modern winemaking

72
Q

12 DO’s of Catalonia

A

Priorato, Penedes, Catalunya, Alella, Emporada Costa Brava, Conca de Barbera, Pla de Bages, Costers del Segre, Montsant, Terra Alta, Tarragona, Cava

73
Q

Priorat DOQ is within what other DO

A

Tarragona DO - All within Catalonia

74
Q

Priorat DOCa/DOQ geography, climate and soils, styles

A

Rugged mountainous region, stony schistous soils and Llicorella (slate and quarzite), cooler, fresher less oaky wines than the North

75
Q

What was the Gratallops project

A

Trying to revive the Priorat region, a group of co-ops planted vineyards around the town of Gratallops and planted Cab Sauv, Merlot, Syrah

76
Q

Grapes in Priorat DOQ

A

Garnacha dominates, Carinena (old vines*), Cabernet, genernally tiny yields, outstanding concentration, character and price

77
Q

black slate and quartz soil in known as ____ and found in _____.

A

Llicorella and Priorat

78
Q

What are the 5 Clos of Priorato

A

Clos Mogador-Barbier’s, Clos Dofi-Palacios, Clos Erasmus, Clos de l’Obac, Clos Martinet - made one wine sold under 5 diff labels, the Gratallops project

79
Q

Penedes DO 3 subzones

A

Baix Penedes, Medio Penedes, Alt Penedes

80
Q

Baix Penedes

A

Lower flatland subregion of Penedes DO in Catalunya. Garnacha, Monastrell, Carinena and everyday whites.

81
Q

Medio Penedes

A

Middle Penedes. Major producer of Parellada, Xarel-lo, Macabeo. Finest Cabs, Merlot and Tempranillo

82
Q

Alt Penedes

A

Mountainous region of Penedes DO in Priorat. Coolest climate, well suited to Chardonnay, P.Noir, Tempranillo, Gewurz.

83
Q

What is the wine style of Tarragona?

A

generally fortified rancio or mistela - Spanish version of vin de liqueur. Also make Cava grapes. Tarragona Clasico and Vino Vimblanc

also make vino espumosso and vino aguja

84
Q

What is Tarragona Clasico?

A

100% Garnacha fortified wine aged a min 12 years in oak casks - from Tarragona

85
Q

What is vino Vimblanc?

A

Vino de licor (fortified wine) made from overripe grapes - from Tarragona

86
Q

Penedes is the center of _____ production

A

Cava

87
Q

When was the first Cava made?

A

1872 by Josep Raventos (Cordoniu)

88
Q

What is the main town that makes Cava?

A

San Sadurni d’Anoi, Penedes (70% of production)

89
Q

Do you have to label Cava as DO Penedes?

A

No - can make Cava anywhere in Spain

90
Q

9 grapes allowed in Cava production

A

Parellada, Xarel-lo, Macabeu, Chardonnay, P.Noir, Garnacha Tinta, Monastrell (Mourvedre), Trepat, Malvasia Subirat

91
Q

Ageing requirements for Cava

A

min 9 mo on lees, 30 mo for Gran Reserva

92
Q

Castilla La Mancha - geography and grapes

A

an Autonomia in Southern Spain with a large elevated central plateau “The Meseta”. Arid climate with extreme temperatures. Lots of white volume Airen (63%) Reds from Cencibel (tempranillo). Bulk wines for Spanish brandy.

93
Q

What is the synonym for Tempranillo in Castilla La Mancha

A

Cencibel

94
Q

8 DO’s in Castilla La Mancha

A

Valdepenas, La Mancha, Vinos de Madrid, Mentrida, Almansa, Ribera del Guadiana, Ribera del Jucar, Manchuela

95
Q

2 main vinos de pagos in Castilla La Mancha

A

Dominio de Valdepusa and Finca Elez

mainly French grapes

irregation allowed. high octane wines

96
Q

What is Dominio de Valdepusa

A

A vino de pago in Castilla la Mancha. Formerly Marques de Grinon -C.S., Syrah, P.Verdot has irregated vineyards

97
Q

What is Finca Elez

A

A vino de pago in Castilla la Mancha. Vineyards planted at 1000+m, highest in mainland Spain. Chard, Cab, Melrot, Tempranillo, Syrah.

98
Q

What are pre 2003 vintages of Finca Elez labelled as?

A

Manuel Manzaneque

99
Q

La Mancha DO geo/climate

A

largest DO in Spain. Extremely sunny arid climate (120 days), low cost production, few insects, pests or disease. 20da/ha/yr of vineyard work sufficient

100
Q

how are vines planted in La Mancha

A

in a marco real -2.5m space between vines in all directions , extremely low density

101
Q

Valdepenas DO soils

A

DO of Castilla La Mancha producing high quality reserva and gran reserva wines since 13th century. Thick fertile soil overlaying limestone bedrock.

102
Q

Valdepenas DO wine style

A

claretes (light reds), joven rosados and whites from Cencibel (Tempranillo) and Airen

103
Q

What are the 7 DO’s of Levant (Murcia and Valencia)

A

Valencia, Utiel-Requena, Alicante, DO Pago Los Balagueses (all Valencia sibregions), Yecla, Jumilla, Bullas (Murcia subregions)

104
Q

Grapes and wine styles in Levant

A

R: Monastrell + Garnacha, Tempranillo, Bobal (for doble pasta, really concentrated) W: Merseguera robust full reds, light, fresh, herby neutral whites. Also make some licorosos and rancios.

105
Q

Alicante DO

A

in Levant (Valencia). Produces Fondillon - solera style oxidative dessert wine from overripe Monastrell. Aged a min 10 years. NOT fortified. DOES carry the flavour of wood

106
Q

What is Monastrell also known as?

A

Mourvedre

107
Q

What is Fondillon?

A

solera style oxidative dessert wine from overripe Monastrell. Aged a min 10 years. NOT fortified. DOES carry the flavour of wood. Made in Alicante DO

108
Q

Utiel-Requena DO

A

Red wines using Bobal (Boba) grape and Doble Pasta style

109
Q

Andaluc’a

A

Birthplace of Spanish wines, first vines planted. Now a Sherry region. Often sweet, high alcohol, soleo style. Main grapes are PX, Palomino, Zalema, Moscatel

110
Q

What are the 2 winds that blow in Andaluc’a?

A

La vante from the W and Ponente (hot winds that shrivel grapes) from the E

111
Q

Where can you find the grape Zalema?

A

Andalucia

112
Q

4 DO’s of Andalucia

A

Condado de Huelva-Zalema, Montilla-Morilles-PX, Malaga & Sierras de Malaga (higher up in mountain), Jerez y Manzanilla

113
Q

Who introduced stainless steel to Spain?

A

Miguel Torres

114
Q

What is the main red grape of Ribera del Duero?

A

Tempranillo (Tinto de Pais)

and Bordeaux varieties

Old World (4 decks)

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