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Spain Flashcards

1
Q

What are the aging requirements for Spanish Wine?

A
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2
Q

Spain aging requirements noble

A

18 months in cask or bottle

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3
Q

Spain aging requirements for Añejo

A

24 months in cask or bottle

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4
Q

Spain aging requirements for Viejo

A

36 months aging, demonstrating marked oxidative aging.

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5
Q

Galicia’s DOs

A
  • Rias Baixas Blanco/tinto/espumoso
  • Ribeiro Blanco/tinto/espumoso/tostado blanco y tinto
  • Monterrei Blanco/tinto
  • Ribeira Sacra Blanco/tinto/espumoso/rosado/summum
  • Valdeorras Blanco/tinto/espumoso/tostado blanco
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6
Q

Castilla y Leon DOs

A
  • Arlanza
  • Arribes
  • Bierzo W/R/Ros/Clarete (red+white)
  • Cigales
  • Leon
  • Ribera del Duero R/W/Ros
  • Rueda W/R/Ros/Esp/Esp Ros/Fort (palido y dorado)
  • Tierra del Vino de Zamora
  • Toro W/R/Ros
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7
Q

Asturias DOs

A
  • No DOs. However, Cangas VICG is a DOP according to the EU.
  • Red/white
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8
Q

Pais Basco DOs

DOCa?

A
  • Arabako Txakolina / Chacoli de Alava
  • Bizkaiko Txakolina / Chacoli de Bizkaia
  • Getariako Txakolina / Chacoli de Guetaria
  • All Txakoli makes R/W/Rose/Espumoso/Late Harvest
    • Rioja DOCa
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9
Q

Navarra DOs

A
  • Navarra DO
    • ​Only one DO
      • Blanco
      • Rose
      • Sangrado/Saignee required.
      • Tinto
        • (mainly known for red and rose)
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10
Q

How many subzones are in Navarra?

A

5

  • Valdizarbe (Higher in altitude)
  • Baja Montana
  • Tierra Estella (north)
  • Ribera Alta (Center)
  • Ribera Baja (warmest)
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11
Q

Vino de Pago in Navarra.

A
  • ​Señorio de Arínzano in Tierra Estella
  • Prado Irache in Tierra Estella
  • Bodegas Otazu in Valdizarbe.
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12
Q

Aragon DOs

A
  • Calatayud
    • Blanco/Tinto/Rosado/Fortified/Vin doux Naturel/Espumoso/Vino de Aguja (semi spark)
  • Campo de Borja
    • Blanco (Dry/Semi-dry/Semi-sweet/sweet)
    • Tinto (Dry/Semi-dry/Semi-sweet/sweet)
    • Rosado (Dry/Semi-dry/Semi-sweet/sweet)
    • Vino de Liqor (Moscatel)
    • Late Harvest
  • Carinena
    • Blanco (Dry/Semi-dry/Semi-sweet/sweet)
    • Tinto (Dry/Semi-dry/Semi-sweet/sweet)
    • Rosado (Dry/Semi-dry/Semi-sweet/sweet)
    • Vino de Liqor (Moscatel)
    • Vino Naturalmente Dulce
    • Vino Espumoso
    • Vino de Aguja (semi-Spark)
  • Somontano (Under the Mountain)
    • Blanco (Dry/Semi-dry/Semi-sweet/sweet)
    • Tinto (Dry/Semi-dry/Semi-sweet/sweet)
    • Rosado (Dry/Semi-dry/Semi-sweet/sweet)
    • Vino de Liqor (Moscatel)
    • Vino Naturalmente Dulce
    • Vino Espumoso
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13
Q

Catalonia/Catalunya DOs

A
  • Montsant
  • Penedes
  • Priorat
  • Terra Alta
  • Cava
  • Conca de Barbera
  • Costers del Segre
  • Emporda
  • Plan de Bages
  • Terragona
  • Alella
  • Catalunya
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14
Q

Wine Styles in Priorat DOCa

A
  • White / Blanc
  • Red / Negre
  • Rose / Rosat
  • Vino Rancio / Vi Ranci : oxi Wine
  • Mistela (Negre and Blanc)
  • Vino Dulce Natural / Vi Dolc Natural: Vi de Licor.
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15
Q

Grapes found in Priorat DOCa

A
  • White: Garnatxa Blanca, Macabeu, Pedro Ximenez, Chenin Blanc, Moscatel de Gra Petit, Xarel-lo, Picapoll, Viognier.
  • Red: Garnatxa Peluda, Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, Ull de Llebre (Tempranillo), Pinot Noir, Syrah, Merlot, Picapoll Negre (Punxo Fort).
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16
Q

Catalonia/Catalunya Wine Styles

A
  • Blanco / Blanc
  • Rosado / Rosat
  • Tinto / Negre
  • Vino de Licor / Vi de Licor
  • Vino de Aguja / Vi d’agulla
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17
Q

Wine Styles found in Cava DO

A
  • Rose / Blanco
    • Escumos / Espumoso
    • Cava de Guarda
    • Cava de Guarda Superior
    • Reserva
    • Gran Reserva
    • Cava de Paratge Qualificat
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18
Q

Red & White Grapes allowed for Cava

A
  • White
    • Parellada
    • Macabeu
    • Xarel-lo
    • Chardonnay
    • Malvasia.
  • Red
    • Pinot Noir
    • Monastrell
    • Garnatxa Negre
    • Trepat (only used for rose)
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19
Q

Cava DO ageing requirements on lees.

A
  • Cava / Cava de Guarda - 9 months
  • Reserva - 18 months
  • Cava de Guarda Superior - 18 months
  • Gran Reserva - 30 months
  • Cava de Paraje Calificado ​- 36 months.
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20
Q

Montsant DO wine styles

A
  • Blanco(
  • Rosado
  • Rojo
  • Vino Rancio / white or red authorized grapes (rancio)
  • Mistela
  • Vi de Licor (fortified) Garnatxa de Montsant
  • Vi Dolc Natural (fortified)
  • Vimblanc / Fortified from dried grapes.
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21
Q

How did Rueda DO get recognized as a quality wine making region?

A

-Marques de Riscal invested in the are in the 1970’s. Brought Emile Peynaud, who recognized Verdejo as a high quality grape and proposed on bringing SVB.

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22
Q

Which other regions can produce traditional method sparkling wines under the Cava DO

A

Aragon

Euskadi (Basque Country)

Catalunya

Extremadura

La Rioja

Navarra

Valencia

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23
Q

Spain Winemaking Autonomias

A

Andalucia

Aragon

Asturias

Balearic Islands

Basque Counrty/Euskadi

Canary Islands

Castilla y Leon

Castilla-La-Mancha

Catalonia

Extremadura

Galicia

La Rioja

Madrid

Murcia

Navarra

Valencia

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24
Q

Andalucia DOs

A

Condado de Huelva

Granada

Jerez-Xeres-Sherry

Montilla y Moriles

Malaga

Sierras de Malaga

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25
Q

Castilla-La-Mancha DOs

A

Almansa

La Mancha

Manchuela

Mondejar

Mentrida

Ribera del Jucar

Ucles

Valdepenas

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26
Q

Extremadura DOs

A

Ribera del Guadiana

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27
Q

La Rioja DOs

A

La Rioja DOCa

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28
Q

Madrid DOs

A

Vinos de Madrid

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29
Q

Murcia DOs

A

Bullas

Yecla

Jumilla

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30
Q

Navarra DOs

DOCa?

A

Navarra

Rioja DOCa

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31
Q

Valencia DOs

A

Alicante

Utiel Requena

Valencia

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32
Q

What was the first Vino de Pago

A

Domonio de Valdepausa

It was created in 2003 Castilla La Mancha

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33
Q

Vinos de Pagos in Castilla La Mancha

A

Dominio de Valdepausa

Finca Elez

Guijoso

Dehesa del Carrizal

Pago Calzadilla

Campo de la Guardia

Casa del Blanco

Los Cerillos

El Vicario

Pago Florentino

La Jaraba

Vallegarcia

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34
Q

Vinos de Pago in Navarra

A

Otazu

Prado de Irache

Arinzano

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35
Q

Vino de Pago in Valencia

A

El Terrarazo

Los Balagueses

Vera de Estenas

Chozas Carrascal

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36
Q

Vino de Pago in Aragon

A

Ayles

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37
Q

Sidra de Asturias DO

A

*Similar guidelines to Euskal Sagardoa DO *76 approved apple varieties *No additives *Grown in Asturias

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38
Q

Cariñena synonyms

A

Carinyena Mazuelo Samso

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39
Q

Calatayud DO wines styles

A

Blanco (Seco, Semiseco, Semidulce, Dulce) Rosado (Seco, Semiseco, Semidulce, Dulce) Tinto (Seco, Semiseco, Semidulce, Dulce) Vino de Licor Vino naturalmente Dulce Vino Espumoso Vino de Aguja

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40
Q

Calatayud DO “Viñas Viejas”

A

“Viñas Viejas” old vine designation, wines must come from vineyards of at least 35 years of age

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41
Q

Spain quality tiers

A

Vino de la Tierra - VdlT

Vinos de Calidad con Indicaion Geografica VCIG

Denominacion de Origen DO

Vino de Pago (above DO)

Denominacion de Origen Calificada DOCa

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42
Q

Calatayud DO “Calatayud Superior”

A

“Calatayud Superior” min. 85% old vine Garnacha Tinta (min. 50 years of age)

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43
Q

Penedes DO altitude subzones

A

Baix-Penedes

Medio-Penedes

Alt-Penedes (one of the highest altitude DOs in Europe)

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44
Q

Vino de Pago

A

Vinos de Pago estates theoretically represent a superior appellation to the basic DO. An estate within an existing DO must surpass the basic DO requirements in DO Pago legislation usually by setting lower yields and other measures suggestive of quality wine making

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45
Q

Tempranillo Synonyms

A

Tinto Fino (Ribera del Duero)

Aragonez (Portugal, Alantejo)

Ull de Llebre (Castilla La Mancha, Catalonia, Valencia)

Tinta Roriz (Douro, Port)

Jancivera (Manchuela)

Tinta de Madrid (Madrid)

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46
Q

Rioja red wine ageing requirements:

Crianza

A

2 Years total with 1 year in Oak

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47
Q

Rioja red wine ageing requirements:

Reserva

A

3 Years total with one year in oak.

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48
Q

Rioja red wine ageing requirements:

Gran Reserva

A

5 Years total

2 years cask

2 years bottle

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49
Q

Allowed barrel size for ageing wine for Rioja DOCa

A

225 L

There are larger format barrels found at the wineries, however they are used for malolactic, blending, storing etc..

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50
Q

Rioja ageing requirements for white and rose

Crianza

A

18 months total

6 months in cask/bottle or steel

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51
Q

Rioja ageing requirements for white and rose

Reserva

A

2 years total

6 months in cask

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52
Q

Rioja ageing requirements fot white and rose

Gran Reserva

A

4 years total

6 months in cask

53
Q

Carbonic maceration in Rioja

A

Only for Joven wines.

54
Q

Dominant soil of Rioja Alta

A

Yellow Calcareous clay (arcillo calcareo)

Lower slopes towards the Ebro contain reddish iron rich clay (arcillo ferroso)

55
Q

Dominant soil of Rioja Alavesa

A

Highest amount of calcareous clay.

56
Q

Dominant soils in Rioja Oriental

A

Mostly iron rich clay, but most of the lower flatter areas are mainly alluvial silty soils.

57
Q

Single vineyard Rioja DOCa

year

requirements

A

2017

As of 2018, producers may register their Vinedos Singulares and print official single vineyard names on their labels

  • soil must be assesed
  • vines must be 35 years or older
  • proof of working with that vineyard for 10 years atleast
  • pass taste panel
58
Q

Vino Espumoso de Calidad de Rioja DOCa

A
  • Traditional method Sparkling wine
  • white:Viura, Chard, Verdejo, Malvasia, Garnacha Blanca, Tempranillo Blanca, Maturana Blanca, Torruntes.
  • Rose: Tempranillo, Garnacha Tinta, Mazuelo, Graciano, Maturana Tinta.
59
Q

Vino Espumoso de Calidad de Rioja DOCa Gran Anada

A

“Vintage wine”

Must come entirely from that single vintage, and state it on the label.

60
Q

Vino Espumoso de Calidad de Rioja DOCa ageing requirement

A

15 months on the lees from the date of tirage prior to disgorgement

61
Q

Vino Espumoso de Calidad Reserva de Rioja DOCa ageing requirements

A

24 months on the lees from the date of tirage prior to disgorgement.

62
Q

Vino Espumoso de Calidad Gran Anada de Rioja DOCa ageing requiremnts

A

36 months on the lees from the date of tirage prior to disgorgement.

63
Q

Navarras sub-zones

not DOs

A

Valdizarbe (higher in altitude)

Baja Montana

Tierra Estella

Ribera Alta

Ribera Baja

64
Q

Where is the birthplace of Albarino

A

Val do Salnes in Rias Baixas

65
Q

Rias Baixas subregions

A

Ribera de Ulla

Val do Salnes

Soutomaior

O Rosal

Condado de Tea

66
Q

Coolest and Rainiest subregion of Rias Baixas

A

Val do Salnes

First Sub region

67
Q

Smallest subregion in Rias Baixas

A

Suotomaior

68
Q

2nd largest subregion in Galicia

A

Condado de Tea

69
Q

What is the traditional vine training style in Rias Baixas

A

Pergola

Espaldero (Espaldier)

70
Q

Pros and Cons of a Pergola system

A

Pros:

Protection from hail

Shade from sun

Cons:

High yields

low quality fruit

71
Q

Espaldera Training system

A

also known as Espalier, it is an unusual training system where the vine is training along side a wall, It is more for the “looks” of it than commercial reasons.

72
Q

Carinena is the birth plcae of which red grape

A

Mazuelo/Carignan

73
Q

Can a wine labeled as Rias Baixas Albarino contain any blending grapes?

A

NO unless labled with a sub zone on the label.

74
Q

Ribeiro DO prefered white and red grape.

A

Treixadura for the white

Caino for the red

75
Q

What is Ojo de Gallo

A

rare rose from Txakolina.

blended from white and red grapes.

76
Q

What led to the birth of the kingdom of Spain?

A

Through the dynastic union of the kingdom of Castilla y Leon and Aragin in the 15th century by marriage.

77
Q

Descendientes de Jose Palacios “Corrulon”

A

Wine made by the famous Jose Palacios and his nephew, Ricardo Perez from olf vine Mencia farmed biodynamically from mountainside vineyards planted on schist soils.

78
Q

Don Eloy Lecanda y Chavez

A

Founder of Vega Sicilia.

in 1864 he planted Bordeaux varieties and a bit of Pinot Noir along side Tinto del Pais for making Brandy.

79
Q

Domingo Txomin

A

Wine maker at Vega Sicilia who placed the winery on the map in 1929 after winning international acclaim at Barcelonas worlds faim with his 1917 and 1918 Vega Sicilia Unico (benchmark wine) usually aged for 10 years in barrel.

80
Q

Ribera del Duero provinces of production

A

Valladolid

Burgos

Soria (best)

Segovia

81
Q

Ribera del Duero DO wine styles

A

White From Albillo Blanco

Rose

Red: 75% min Tempranillo

82
Q

Ribera del Duero DO ageing requirements for red wines

A

Crianza: 2 years total

1 year in oak (max 330L cap)

Reserva: 3 years total

1 year in oak (max 330L cap)

Gran Reserva: 5 years total

2 years in oak (max 330L cap)

83
Q

Ribera del Duero DO white/rose wine ageing requirements

A

Crianza: 18 months total

6 months in oak (max 330L capacity)

Reserva: 24 months total

6 months in oak (max 330L capacity)

Gran Reserva: 48 months total

6 months in oak (max. 330 liter capacity)

84
Q

Ribera del Duero DO reds must be comprised atleast ___% of _______.

A

75% Tinto Fino (Tempranillo)

85
Q

Ribera del Duero DO vintages from 1960s to 1990s to know

A

1962

1968

1970

1979

1980

1982

1983

1985

1991

1995

86
Q

Rioja DOCa Vintages to know from 1960s to 1990s

A

1964

1968

1970

1981

1982

1985

1991

1994

1995

87
Q

Peter Sisseck

A

Founder of Dominio Pingus in 1995

  • Pingus= Childhood nickname
88
Q

Dominio Pingus notable wines

A

Pingus: Flagship wine

Flor de Pingus

Amelia= One barrel from ancient vine Tempranillo

PSI= Purchased fruit from local farmers

89
Q

Vega Sicilia most notable Wines

A
  • “Unico”:
    • Mostly Tempranillo 80%, the rest is made up of Cabernet Sau. they used to add Merlot and Malbec but that has changed. Aged 10 years in barrel (American and French)
  • Reserva Especial:
    • Made from a blend of Unico wine from different vintages and may include vintages up to 35 years old.
  • Valbuena 5:
    • Aged for 5 years, which it often contains some Merlot and its made from younger vines.
  • Valbuena 3:
    • Aged 3 years. last vintage produced was in 1988.
  • Allion:
    • Produced from 3 three vineyards, its meant for early drinking.
  • Pintia:
    • Toro
  • Oremus:
    • Tokaji
  • Macan:
    • Rioja wine. Venture with Benjamin Rothschild.
90
Q

Aalto

A

Founded by Mariano Garcia in 1999.

He was the winemaker at Vega Sicilia.

made from old vine Tempranillo. French oak.

Flagship wine: PS- Pagos Seleccionados.

91
Q

Tinto Pesqera

A

Founded by Alejandro Fernandez in 1970

Pesqueras top vinyards are in the highest altitudes in Ribera del Duero.

“Janus” is their flagship wine.

92
Q

Ribera del Duero DO Temp percentage

A

minimum of 75% Tempranillo.

93
Q

Castilla y Leon climate

(Ribera del Duero)

A

Dry continental climate.

High altitude with most vineyards planted at over 600 meters in altitude.

94
Q

Ribera del Duero DO rose ageing designations allowed

A

only Crianza

95
Q

Duero river

A
  • Head waters begin in North Central Spain (between Rioja and Ribera del Duero) Flowing East from a higher elevation to a lower elevation path.
  • Flows through or borders:
    • Ribera del Duero
    • Rueda
    • ToroTierra del Vino de Zamora
      • Arribes.
96
Q

Carinena DO main red grapes

A

Garnacha is the most planted

Carinena is the indigeneous variety

97
Q

“Sagardoa”

A
  • Basque Cider that is normally poured out of barrel as a non sparklin cider. The term “natural” implies no bubbles.
  • unfiltered which its the key diference to most Asturian beers.
98
Q

“Sagardoteki”

A

A Basque cider house

99
Q

Mountain ranges that nestle Rioja DOCa

A
  • Sierra Cantabria Mountain range in the north.
    • Helps protect Rioja from the cold Atlantic winds
  • Demanda and Los Cameros (Iberian Mountain range)
    • Protects Rioja fom the extreme climate of the Meseta Central.
100
Q

Euskal Sagardoa DO

A
  • DO for cider
  • Native apples only
  • classically made in chestnut barrels
  • no additions of sugars or acids
  • must be tested and tasted by panel
101
Q

Dominant soil in Rioja Alta

A

Arcillo Calcareo

Yellow calcareous clay

102
Q

Lopez de Heredia

A
  • Very traditional producer who rarely ever uses new American Oak.
  • Gran Reserva wines only made in the best vintages. Usually see 10 years of oak.
  • Notable wines are
    • Tondonia: red/ sometimes rose and white.
    • Bosconia: typically more powerful and earthier.
103
Q

CVNE

A

CVNE stands for “Compania Vinicola del Norte de Espana” and has 3 labels under its control:

  • Vina Real
  • Contino
  • Imperial Gran Reserva
    • considered the higher-tier wines, and produce similar volumes of wine.
104
Q

Rene Barbier

and

Alvaro Palacios

Who are they and why are they important?

A

They revolutionized wine making in Catalonia specifically Priorat when they realized the potential of Priorat. they introduced French varieties and modern winemaking, and aging techniques.

105
Q

Priorat topograpgy and soil importance

A

Priorat is mainly composed of Licorella soils of which are made up of slate, and black quartz. They have excellent drainage which requires the vine to dig deep for water. The licorella soils help retain heat and radiate it back to the vine.

The region is characterized by its steep slopes of which struggle to achieve small yields.

106
Q

the “5 Clos of Priorat”

A

Clos Mogador- Rene Barbier

Clos Dofi (Finca Dofi) - Alvaro Palacios

Clos Erasmus - Daphne Glorian

Clos Martninet (Mas Martinet) Jose Luis Perez

Clos de l’Obac - Carlod Pastrana, and Mariona Jarque.

These group of 5 worked together and shared one facility from the town of Gratallops, worked to refurbish sites and received high praise from critics. They placed Priorat on the map again.

107
Q

Year Priorat became a DOCa

A

2009

DO in 2000

108
Q

Priorat Geography and climate

A

Steep narrow vineyards.

bordered by the Serra de Montsant to the northwest which protects the region from harsh maediterranean winds.

109
Q

Priorats first Vi de Finca

A

Clos Mogador

Vall Llach Mas de la Rosa

110
Q

what Carinena known as in Priorat

A

Samso

111
Q

Cava aging classification

A
112
Q

Cava de Paraje reuirements

A

36 months lees aging

must be from a single wine estate

hand harvested grapes

vintage dated

Designation was created to distinguish wines of a higher quality

113
Q

Gyropalatte

A

Invented in Spain in the 1970s

Effectively riddles wine in one week vs 6 by hand.

holds 504 bottles

114
Q

What is Classic Penedes

A

Subclassification within the Penedes DO for sparkling wines. estblished in 2013 by a group of producers who believe Cava is to diluted with low quality.

All graped must be certified organic

Fermentation, disgorging, dosage, and all aspects of production must happen in their own registered premises.

must age on the lees for a min of 15 months.

must be vintage dated

115
Q

What is Corpinnat and what does it mean?

A

Corpinnat means “Heart of Penedes”

its a category created in 2017 by producers who share the same core values to classic Penedes, icluding organic farming and longer lees aging.

Wines must be from a smaller georgraphical area within the Penedes DO.

Producers who bottle under the Corpinnat brand were very well known Cava producers such as Gramona, Recaredo, Llopart, Nadal, Sabate i Coca, and Torello.

116
Q

Who were the founding fathers of Corpinnat

A

Gramona, Recaredo, Llopart, Nadal, Sabate i Coca, and Torello.

117
Q

What are the Corpinnat requirements

A

All grapes must be certified organic and hand harvested.

must be comprised of a minimum of 90% historic grapes including Xarel-lo, Macabeo, and Parellada.

Must be 100% be vinified on the winery property and be aged for a minimum of 18 months before release.

118
Q

Terragona is mainly known for producing what?

A

Vermouth

119
Q

Trepat grape is native to what region?

A

Conca de Barbera

Known to create light red wines

120
Q

What arecondidered to be the 3 finest wines of Spain

A

L’Ermita

Vega Sicilia

Pingus

121
Q

Top vineyard sites in Priorat usually face towards?

A

Northeast as they do not need more sun, otherwise alcohols can get really on an area that already produces high alcool wines.

122
Q

Priorat classification

A

in 2019 regulations rolled out with the 2017 vintage a classification somewhat similar to Burgundy.

All levels require a base of Garnacha. Yields get lower the higher the classification

Gran Vinya Classificada (Grand Cru) 90%

Vinya Classificado (Premier Cru) 90%

Vi de Paratge (Lieux-Dits) 60%

123
Q

2000-2019 Great Rioja vintages to remember

A

2019

2011

2010

2005

2004

2001

124
Q

1990-1999 Great Rioja Vintages to remember

A

1995

1994

1991

125
Q

1980-1989 Great Rioja vintages to remember

A

1982

1981

126
Q

1970-1979 Great Rioja vintages

A

1978

1973

1970

127
Q

Rioja difficult years

A

2014 Cool growing season

2013 Wet growing season-diluted wines

2012 Drought- Big wines

2003 Hot year- overripe

2002 Rains during harvest

1984 Challenging year

128
Q

Which category was introduced in Rioja in 2018

A

Vinedos Singulares

Single vineyards atleast 35 years old, hand harvest only

Vinos de Municipio

Village wine, 85% must be from village

Vinos de Zona

(Alta, Alavesa, Oriental) 85% must be from zone

129
Q
A

Spain (3 decks)

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