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CAIE Physics GCSE > Spacw > Flashcards

Spacw Flashcards

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1
Q

How much time does it take for the earth to spin on its axis

A

24 hours - 1 day

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2
Q

How long does it take for the earth to orbit around the sun?

A

365 days - 1year

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3
Q

How long does it take for the moon to orbit the earth?

A

Approximately 1 month

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4
Q

What is the equation for average orbital speed?

A

V = 2nr/ T. Where T is orbital period

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5
Q

What does the solar system contains?

A

Sun, 8 planets, moons, minor planets, asteroid belt, smaller bodies like comets

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6
Q

What are the names and order of planets from the sun?

A

Mercury, Venus, earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

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7
Q

What properties do the first four and last four planets have?

A

First four - rocky small
Last four - large gaseous

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8
Q

How does strength of gravity change with distance?

A

Graviatwitonal field at the surface depends on it mass
Strength decreases as the distance from planet increases

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9
Q

What is the speed of light?

A

3x10^8 m/s

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10
Q

Why do the planets orbit the sun?

A

The sun contains most of the mass of the solar system

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11
Q

In an elliptical orbit when does an object moved fastest?

A

An object moves fastest in an elliptical orbit when it is closer to the sun as it needs

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12
Q

In what order are the moons phases?

A

New moon
Waxing crescent
First quarter moon
Waxing gibbous moon
Full moon
Waning gibbous moon
Last quarter moon
Waning gibbous crescent moon

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13
Q

What is summer solstice

A

When the northern hemisphere have their longest day and the southern hemisphere their shortest

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14
Q

What is equinox

A

The time in the year when day and night are approximately equal lentgh

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15
Q

What is winter solstice

A

When the northern hemisphere have their shortest day and the southern hemisphere their longest

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16
Q

What type of star is our sun and what does it consist of ?

A

Medium sized safe consisting of mainly hydrogen and helium

17
Q

What powers stars?

A

They are powered by nuclear reactions that release energy

18
Q

What is an asteroid?

A

Small rocky object that orbits the sun

19
Q

What is a comet?

A

Comets are made of ice and dust and orbit the sun elliptically

20
Q

What is a galaxy?

A

Galaxies are made of billions of stars

21
Q

What is the measure of astronomical distances?

A

A light year

22
Q

How long is a light year?

A

9.5 x 10^15m

23
Q

How is a star formed?

A

From interstellar clouds of gas and dust that contain hydrogen called a nebula

24
Q

What comes after a nebula or interstellar cloud and how is it formed?

A

A protostar is formed as a nebula collapses and increases in temperature due to its internal gravitational attraction

25
Q

What comes after a protostar and how is it made?

A

A protostar becomes a stable star when it’s inward gravitational force Balances with its outward force caused by thermal expansion

26
Q

What happens after a stable star and why?

A

Eventually it runs out of hydrogen. Helium fusion takes place in the core so it begins to expand into a red giant or red supergiant

27
Q

What happens after the red giant and why?

A

A planetary nebula caused by the ejection of a red giants outer layers
This planetary nebula has a hot dense core called a white dwarf

28
Q

What happens after the red supergiant and why?

A

Eventually they explode into a supernova which forms a nebula that contains hydrogen and heavier elements. Also it produces wither a neutron star or black hole

29
Q

What is the Milky Way and how big is it?

A

One of many billions of galaxies that make up the universe. 100000light years wide

30
Q

What is redshift?

A

Redshift is the increase in the observed wavelength of electromagnetic radiation emitted from receding stars and galaxies

31
Q

What does redshift show?

A

That the universe is expanding and gives evidence for the Big Bang

32
Q

What is the name of the microwave radiation at all points in space?

A

Cosmic microwave background radiation or (CMBR)

33
Q

What is the equation that comes with bubbles constant?

A

Ho = v/d

34
Q

What is hubbles constant?

A

2.2 x 10^-18 per second

35
Q

What is hubbles constant in words?

A

The ratio of the speed at which the galaxy is moving away from the earth to its distance from the earth

36
Q

What is the equation for the age of the universe?

A

d/v = 1/Ho

CAIE Physics GCSE (9 decks)

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