Spaces and Places

Question 1

what is a place

Answer 1

somewhere that someone has a relation to

Question 2

factors that influence a perception of a place

Answer 2

• age
• gender
• sexuality
• religion

Question 3

roles in creating a place and emotional attachment

Answer 3

• the role we have at any one time can influence peoples perception of a place
• as we go through life roles for each people can change which may change perception as well
• memory is a personal thing because of our experiences are unique to us, memories are also highly selective so - positive experiences of a place are likely to have a strong emotional attachment to that place this can happen vice versa as well

Question 4

characteristics of a place

Answer 4

• physical geography
• demography
• socio-economic
• cultural
• political
• built environment

Question 5

socio-economic influence on places

Answer 5

interaction of social and economic factors, able to compare places, income, car ownership, education, etc

Question 6

political influence on places

Answer 6

hierarchy of political authority, can make the place more appealing through things such as street lighting or benches

Question 7

built up environment influence on places

Answer 7

some places are more built up than others which could be other people preference

Question 8

what is time-space compression

Answer 8

the set of processes that cause relative distances between places, for example transportation is shortening the time for food to get from one place to another

Question 9

what is global village

Answer 9

used to convey the idea that the world has become smaller in a sense of better inter-connectedness

Question 10

how does globalisation alter a sense of place

Answer 10

increasing interconnectedness and interdependence of the world, economically, politically, socially and culturally, different places are affected by different amounts through globalisation

Question 11

how does globalisation affect economic change

Answer 11

decreases the cost of manufacturing, easier access to transportation, global trading

Question 12

impacts of structural economic change on people and places

Answer 12

people- can go all over the world for tourism, work, etc

places- can grow in many different ways such as tourism

Question 13

informal ways of representing a place

Answer 13

• TV
• films
• media
• photos
• blogs
• graffiti

Question 14

formal ways of representing a place

Answer 14

• census

Question 15

what is social inequalities

Answer 15

differences, based on factors such as age, ethnicity, gender, religion, education and wealth exist in all society, thesis differences often raise moral issues concerning inequality

Question 16

how can inequality be measured in places

Answer 16

• quality of life- the extent to which peoples needs and desires are met
• standard of living- the ability to access services and goods, food, water and clothes

Question 17

why do spatial variations in social inequality occur

Answer 17

inequalities exist at all scales from the global to local, inequalities between urban and rural places, factors that explain inequalities are: wealth, housing, health, education, access to services

Question 18

role governments can play in patterns of social inequality

Answer 18

• different scales, local, national, international
• in many countries government play an important role in decision-making and allocating resources
• motivated by the idea of social justice and political cohesion and seek to reduce the extremes poverty and inequality

Question 19

how are places produced by a range of people

Answer 19

urban places are at the forefront of growth but increasing interconnectedness between rural places will also experience significant growth, the challenges that places will face is that where will this increasing population live, work, etc

Question 20

why would a place rebrand

Answer 20

all places have an image that depends on peoples perception of a place so if a place has a bad perceived image and reputation then they may wish to rebrand to change the image and perception of the place

Question 21

strategies for rebranding

Answer 21

• market led- private investors aiming to make a profit, gentrification
• top-down- large-scale organisations such as local authorities
• flagship development- large scale, one-off property projects, act as a catalyst for further development of the area
• legacy- following international sporting events which brought investment and regeneration
• events or themes- major festivals acts as a catalyst for the cultural development and impact for the city

Question 22

people and places involved in rebranding

Answer 22

• key players are people involved in funding, governments
• corporate bodies- help fund rebranding strategies and carry out physical developments, banks and insurance companies
• not-for-profit organisations-involved in rebranding, sometimes invoking change but also being affected by it, National Trust

Question 23

rebranding can be a contested process

Answer 23

rebranding can bring changes to a place that some people may not like, this could be because the character of a place changes after rebranding, rebranding may happen even after being contested because one group is favoured

Question 24

case study: Toxteth and Lymphstone

Answer 24

Toxteth- past- bank of river mersey, Liverpool, Saxons established in 1086, 16th century farming and small scale industry, making use of water power, Liverpool major port in 17th century ship building, residential growth up as industrial growth up, attractive greenfield site for property developers, 19th century further demands for industry and housing, cheap poorly constructed houses, unhygienic, toxteth growth from connections between national and international as goods pass through
present- high population density, much younger, migrant attraction, many cultures, part of riverside ward, part of Liverpool city council, built environment adapted to migrant communities

Lymphstone- small valley cut through red breccia cliffs, extensive tidal mudflats, extended out into the estuary, beach of pebbles,
past- Saxon established, transferred to a succession of French families, 13th century small port, 19th century shipbuilding ships became to big and couldn’t fit down the river, 1840s high amounts of tourism, railway improved connectedness, time-spaced compression, shellfish industry
present- above country average population density density, retained strong sense of security, dormitory settlement or Exeter, lack of ethnical diversity, has a parish council

Question 25

case study: Birmingham research park

Answer 25

• traditional focus was ‘metal bashing’- manufacture of metal parts
• many trades have declined and the city has faced problems of deindustrialisation
• several initiative are currently underway to provide job opportunities as a part of restructuring of Birmingham to include a greater emphasis on the knowledge of economy
• designed to attract global research led companies

Question 26

case study: Silicon Valley

Answer 26

• technological innovation are in San Fransisco Bay, California
• home to many high tech cooperations
• nearly half of all venture capital in the USA is spent in Silicon Valley

Question 27

case study: Jembatan Besi, Jakarta indonesia

Answer 27

• 256 million population
• Jembatan Besi is a slum in Jakarta
• highly densely populated
• very poor, $4/day
• insecure employment
• self-employment
• very poor sanitation
• toilets flush out into rivers
• epidemics
• high levels of air pollution
• poorly equipped schools
• houses made from scraps
• strong sense of community

Question 28

case study: Northwood, Irvine, Southern California

Answer 28

• classic edge city
• population 22,000
• median income $86,500 a year
• high access to employment
• good healthcare
• low amounts of pollution
• good schools
• high levels of education
• crime rate is 70% lower than national average
• range of ethnicity
• good housing conditions