Spaces Flashcards
Piriform Aperture
Nasal
Maxilla
Nasal Cavity (Roof, lateral wall, floor, medial wall)
- roof
- ethmoid - cribriform plate - lateral wall
- ethmoid superior and middle conchae
- palatine perpendicular plate
- inferior nasal conchae - Floor
- Maxilla palatine
- palatine bones
Medial wall = nasal septum
- vomer
- ethmoid perpendicular plate
- septal cartilage
Orbit
frontal sphenoid ethmoid maxilla zygomatic lacrimal palatine
anterior cranial cavity
frontal
ethmoid
sphenoid
middle cranial cavity
sphenoid
temporal
posterior cranial cavity
sphenoid
occipital
temporal
superior and inferior temporal lines
temporal
parietal
frontal
zygomatic
zygomatic arch
Zygomatic process of temporal bone
Temporal process of zygomatic bone
hard palate
Palatine process of maxilla
Palatine bones
Sinuses
Frontal bone sinus
Ethmoid bone sinus
Maxillary bone sinus
Sphenoid bone sinus
paratracheal
Cartilages Cricoid cartilage Thyroid Epiglottis Arytenoid
laryngeal skeleton
Thyroid cartilage Cricothyroid joint Cricoid cartilage Arytenoids cartilage Vocal ligaments Epiglottis Glottis
Thyroid
location, function, vaso culture, innervation
Located - anterior neck at C5-T1
function - endocrine gland secreting T3 and T4 and calcitonin (makes it go into bone)
Vasculature - superior form external carotid artery and inferior from subclavian artery
Innervation - cervical sympathetic ganglia
parathyroid
location, function, vasoculture, innervation
Location - 4 glands located on posterior thyroid
Function - endocrine gland secreting parathyroid hormone (increasing blood calcium)
vasculature - inferior thyroid artery
Innervation - cervical sympathetic ganglion
larynx
location, function, vasoculture, innervation
Location -connects pharynx to trachea at C3-C6 level
Function - sound production
Vasculature - superior laryngeal from external carotid inferior laryngeal from subclavian
Innervation - Vagus (CN10)
Anterior triangle - boundries
Boundaries
Ant = medial line of neck
Post = SCM
sup = mandible
Anterior triangle subdivisions
4 subdivisions
Submental triangle
Boundaries
- Inf = hyoid
- lat = ant diag
- med = mid line of neck
Submandibular
Boundaries -sup = mandible -Ant = anterior digastric -Post = posterior digastric Contents -Submandibular salivary gland -Nerves = CN 12 and CN 5 - submental artery - facial artery
Carotid Triangle
Boundaries -Sup = posterior digastric -Inferior med = superior omohyoid -Inferior lat = SCM Contents - carotid bifurcation -Thyroid -Blood vessels -- Internal jugular vein -Nerves -- CN 10 -- CN 11 -- CN 12 -- Ansa cervicalis
Muscular triangle
Boundaries - Med = medial plane neck - Sup lat = sup omohyoid - Inf lat = SCM Contents - Thyroid - parathyroid glands - larynx - trachea - anterior jugular
Coronal suture
frontal, parietal
sagittal suture
right and left parietal
lambdoid suture
occipital, parietal
occipitomastoid suture
occipital, temporal
squamous suture
temporal, parietal
lambda intersection
lambdoid and sagittal
bregma intersection
sagittal and coronal
pterion intersection
coronal, squamous and sphenoid “H” shaped
vertex
most superior point on sagittal suture
asterion junction
lambdoid, occipitomastoid and squamous
Superficial cervical fascia
platysma muscle
Deep Cervical Fascia Layers
Investing layer Pretracheal Prevertebral Carotid Sheath Retropharyngeal space
Investing layer
surrounds entire neck forming floor of superficial fascia
Pretrachial
trachea, esophagus, thyroid glands, and infrahyoid muscles
prevertebral
longus colli, longus capitis, scalenes, and posterior deep cervical muscles.
Carotid sheath
carotid arteries, jugular veins, vagus nerves, and lymphatics
superior apature ribs
borders
contents
borders - posterior - T1 body - lateral - rib 1 - anterior - manubrium contents - sternothyroid - sternohyoid - esophagus - trachea - nerves - vagus, sympathetic trunk, phrenic - Blood - carotids, subclavian, vertebral and jugular, brachiocephalic trunk
inferior aperture ribs
borders
contents
borders - posterior T12 - lateral posterior Ribs 11 and 12 - lateral anterior costal cartilage of 7-10 - anterior xiphisternal joint Contents - esophagus - nerves - vagus, sympathetic chain - blood vessels - inferior vena cava, descending aorta, Azygous** - psoas major
Pump handle
1-6 ribs
make bigger anterior posterior
bucket handle
7-10
make side to side increasing
Mediastinum Veins arteries nerves other
continents
- thymus
- veins - R L brachiocephalic, superior vena cava, azygos
- arteries - aortic arch, pulmonary trunk, left carotid, left subclavian, brachiocephalic trunk
- nerves - vagus, phrenic, cardiac plexus, sympathetic chain ganglia
- trachea and primary bronchi
- esophagus
- thoracic duct
Middle mediastinm
pericardium
Chordae tendineae
keeps AV flaps closed
trabeculae carneae
muscular ridges that direct flow
Hilum
Located on mediastinal surface
a) pulmonary arteries (deoxygenated blood) b) pulmonary veins (oxygenated blood) c) bronchial arteries (oxygenated blood) – OFF OF AORTA d) bronchial veins (deoxygenated blood) – TO AZYGUS e) primary (main) bronchus f) lymphatics g) nerves h) pulmonary ligament: fold of visceral and parietal pleura connecting lung to mediastinum.
Airway path
oral nasal pharynx larynx trachea 2 primary bronchi 5 secondary bronchi tertiary bronchi bronchioles - dilate/constrict terminal branches - dilate/constrict All thin walled after this respiratory bronchioles alveolar duct alveolar sac alveoli
suboccipital triangle
- med = posterior rectus cap major
- Sup lat = sup obliquus
- Inf lat = inf obliquus
vertebral artery
suboccipital nerve
posterior triangle
ant - scm
post - traps
inf - clavicle
contents subclavian a external jug v subclavian v brachiocephalic v CN 11 brachial plexus
