Space

Question 1

How do we use line spectra

Answer 1

To identify elements present in the stars

Question 2

How can we view light

Answer 2

Through a diffraction grating as a continuous spectrum where wavelength and frequency gradually change

Question 3

What does a diffraction grating do

Answer 3

It’s an optical tool which separates polychromatic light into its constituent wavelengths

Question 4

What kind of light do hot gasses emit

Answer 4

Only specific frequencies/wavelengths

Question 5

How does our knowledge of what different gases emit help us

Answer 5

It shows us the composition of a star just by viewing it

Question 6

What can emission spectra be described as

Answer 6

Chemical fingerprints

Question 7

What happens to emission spectra in cool gases

Answer 7

These gases absorb the same spectra that they would emit when hot

Question 8

What happens when we pass the whole continuous spectrum of light through a cool gas

Answer 8

Absorbed frequencies appear as dark lines as they’ve been taken in

Question 9

Who invented the spectroscope (idk if we need this but it’s in the notes sooo)

Answer 9

Joseph von Fraunhofer

Question 10

What happens if a sound source is moving relative to the person listening

Answer 10

The wavelength of the pitch is compressed or extended depending on if it’s moving towards or away from the listener

Question 11

What happens if a sound source is moving towards the listener

Answer 11

The waves are squashed together and wavelength is reduced, so the pitch is higher

Question 12

What does the concept of moving waves apply to

Answer 12

All types of wave including light

Question 13

What is the elongation of waves with movement called

Answer 13

The doppler shift

Question 14

What is the order of the planets

Answer 14

Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune

Question 15

What kind or orbit do the planets have and what do we call this

Answer 15

An elliptical orbit - basically a stretched circle

Question 16

What produces the tales of comets

Answer 16

Melting ice created as the comet approaches the sun

Question 17

Where are most asteroids found

Answer 17

Between Mars and Jupiter, because of Jupiter’s gravitational pull

Question 17

Where are most asteroids found

Answer 17

Between Mars and Jupiter, because of Jupiter’s gravitational pull

Question 18

Where are most asteroids found

Answer 18

Between Mars and Jupiter, because of Jupiter’s gravitational pull

Question 19

What other than rocks is in the asteroid belt

Answer 19

A dwarf planet - Ceres

Question 20

How does a solar system form

Answer 20

• A cloud of ash and dust contracts under gravity.
• Once the gas gets compressed, the temperature starts to rise and the cloud spins.
• This creates a protostar.

Question 21

What happens in a proton star

Answer 21

Nuclear fusion starts, which is when the star is technically born - the planets form from the swirling dust around the star, but because of the gravity created by the star, most of the matter is pulled in there.

Question 22

Why are the rocky planets close to the sun

Answer 22

Because the material they’re made out of is heavier, so is more affected by the sun’s gravity

Question 23

How do we measure distances on planets

Answer 23

Using metres and kilometres

Question 24

How do we measure distances between planets and the sun

Answer 24

In AU (astronomical unit), which is based on the average distance between the earth and the sun (1.5x10(11)m)

Question 25

Idk if you need to know this but how many metres is a light year

Answer 25

9,460,730,472,580,800

Question 26

what is the speed of light

Answer 26

300 million m/s

Question 27

What happens to some of the matter thrown out from dying stars

Answer 27

It is recycled

Question 28

How do stars begin life (single word answer)

Answer 28

Protostars

Question 29

What happens after the protostar phase to stars

Answer 29

Stars enter the main sequence

Question 30

What happens during the main sequence

Answer 30

When stars are in their main sequence the forces on them balance. Outward radiation and gas pressure forces are balanced by gravity forces.

Question 31

How does the main sequence end

Answer 31

When the force from gas radiation becomes greater than gravity

Question 32

What do high and low mass stars become after the main sequence

Answer 32

Red supergiants and red giants

Question 33

At what point do the forces become unbalanced within stars

Answer 33

When the hydrogen runs out, and it resorts to helium, then gradually heavier elements until iron, when nuclear fusion stops

Question 34

What happens after nuclear fusion stops because stars have reached iron

Answer 34

The star collapses under its own gravity

Question 35

What happens to red giant stars after the end of nuclear fusion

Answer 35

They form a white dwarf that gradually cools over time

Question 36

What happens to red supergiants at the end of nuclear fusion

Answer 36

They quickly collapse and form a supernova (a massive explosion), and then form neutron stars, where the core (originally 1.5 times the mass of the sun) collapses into a space with 12km radius

Question 37

What happens to very high mass supergiants after supernovas

Answer 37

They collapse with such force that they form black holes

Question 38

Where are elements heavier than iron formed and ejected into the universe

Answer 38

Supernovas - this is eventually swept up with other gas and dust to form new stars

Question 39

What is proof that we are a result of an earlier supernova

Answer 39

The existence of uranium on earth

Question 40

What spectrum shows the temperature and brightness of stars

Answer 40

The Hertzsprung-Russell (H-R) diagram