2.1: Distance, Speed and Acceleration Flashcards

1
Q

What is a force and what does it do?

A

A force is a push or a pull, and it changes the position, shape and motion of an object.

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2
Q

What is the equation for speed?

A

Speed = Distance/Time

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3
Q

What shows the difference between speed and velocity?

A

The direction of movement is clarified with velocity - speed is a scalar quantity, meaning it has magnitude but no sense of direction

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4
Q

What is the equation for velocity?

A

Velocity = Displacement/Time

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5
Q

Define a Scalar.

A

Measurements that have a magnitude (size).

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6
Q

Define a Vector.

A

Measurements that have size and direction. Velocity is a vector quantity.

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7
Q

What is the equation for acceleration?

A

Acceleration = Change in Velocity/Time

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8
Q

What is a speed-time graph?

A

A speed-time graph shows the motion of an object through a certain period of time. A straight line upwards or downwards represents a constant speed, a curve showing gradual acceleration and a flat horizontal line showing it stationary.

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9
Q

What is a velocity-time graph?

A

A velocity-time graph shows the motion of an object in one direction through a certain period of time. A straight line upwards or downwards represents a constant speed, a curve showing gradual acceleration and a flat horizontal line showing it stationary.

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10
Q

What does the area under a velocity-time graph represent?

A

The distance travelled

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11
Q

How do we calculate stopping distance?

A

Thinking distance + braking distance

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12
Q

When has a vehicle stopped?

A

When its speed is 0m/s

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13
Q

What increases more significantly in stopping times when extra speed is added?

A

Braking distance, although thinking distance goes up too

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14
Q

Name four factors that affect stopping distances

A

The velocity of the car
The reaction time of the driver
Whether the driver is distracted
The condition of the tyres

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15
Q

What is the equation for resultant force?

A

F (N) = change in momentum (kg m/s) / time for change (s)

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16
Q

What are the two ways of reducing the force on the occupants?

A

By reducing the speed of the collision and so reducing the change of momentum
By increasing the time for the collision

17
Q

What is speed?

A

A measure of how fast an object is moving

18
Q

Why is speed a scalar quantity?

A

Because it only has magnitude

19
Q

Why is velocity a vector?

A

Because it has direction as well as magnitude

20
Q

What is velocity measured in?

A

Metres per second, and in a specific direction

21
Q

What is accelaration?

A

The rate of change of velocity

22
Q

What is the equation for accelaration?

A

Acceleration = change in velocity/ time

23
Q

What are the units of accelaration?

A

Metres per second squared

24
Q

How can the speed of an object be found?

A

By measuring the gradient of the graph

25
How do you work out the gradient?
The difference in height (y coordinates), divided by the difference in width (x coordinates)
26
What is the area under a velocity time graph?
The distance travelled
27
What does the safe stopping distance of a vehicle depend on?
The driver's reaction time and the braking distance of the vehicle
28
What do traffic control measures include?
Speed limits and speed bumps
29
What value does speed but not velocity always have
A positive one