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SLP Study Questions > Spa Exam #2 > Flashcards

Spa Exam #2 Flashcards

1
Q

Is the cranial nerve responsible for opening and closing the true vocal fold is?

A

CN X

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2
Q

In the area of voice, the term frequency to?

A

Pitch Production

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3
Q

The true vocal folds are located where in the Larynx?

A

Within the Larynx

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4
Q

The angle where the cartilage plates of this structure meet at the midline in the neck creates what called the “Adams apple”?

A

Thyroid Cartilage

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5
Q

From the choices listed below, please select all the occupations that would be considered to require “professional voice use”?

  1. Salesperson
  2. Professional Singer
  3. Trial Attorney
  4. Elementary School Teacher
A

All the choices

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6
Q

Which of the choices below are considered proper vocal hygiene measures?

  1. Do not Smoke
  2. Avoid Intake of Alcoholic Beverages
  3. Drink Plenty of Water
  4. Drink Plenty of Hot Coffee
A

Answers 1, 2, & 3

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7
Q

Treatment for voice disorders by a voice care team includes which of these answers?

  1. Direct Therapy
  2. Indirect Therapy
  3. Medical Intervention
A

All the choices

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8
Q

Surgical removal of the entire larynx is called?

A

A Total Laryngectomy

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9
Q

The true vocal folds vibrate when air flows up through them from the trachea. This vibration occurs due to what?

A

The Bernoulli Principle

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10
Q

The Larynx is made entirely of bones True or False

A

False

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11
Q

A voice that is mildly hoarse is considered aphonic True or False

A

False

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12
Q

Speaking at a pitch that is not optimal can lead to a voice disorder True or False

A

True

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13
Q

Vocal folds that are closed are in an adducted position True or False

A

True

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14
Q

When utilizing an electrolarynx a person’s voice sounds very natural and it’s very similar to the sound of their own voice True or False

A

False

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15
Q

Spasmodic dysphonia is a neurological disorder that results in the impairment of vocal fold function True or False

A

True

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16
Q

The angle where this structure’s cartilage plates meet at the neck’s midline creates what that is known as the “Adams apple”?

A

Thyroid Cartilage

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17
Q

From the choices below identify which are a part of the Central Nervous System “CNS”?

  1. Brain
  2. Spinal Cord
  3. Brainstem
  4. Cerebellum
A

All Answer Choices

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18
Q

From the choices identify which of the disorders/diseases may result in neurogenic communication disorders

  1. Traumatic Brain Injury
  2. Parkinson’s Disease
  3. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
  4. Cerebral Vascular Accident
A

All Answer Choices

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19
Q

This type of cerebral vascular accident results to blockage of flow to brain tissue

  1. Ischemic
  2. Both
  3. Hemmorphage
A
  1. ischemic
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20
Q

What lobe of the brain processes sensory information?

  1. Parietal
  2. Frontal
  3. Temporal
  4. Cerebullum
A
  1. Parietal
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21
Q

Most neurogenic communication disorders are what?

  1. Developmental
  2. Genetic
  3. Acquired
A
  1. Acquired
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22
Q

The primary auditory center is located in what lobe of the brain?

  1. temporal
  2. occipital
  3. parietal
  4. frontal
A
  1. temporal
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23
Q

Symptoms of what can result in slurred speech, reduced speech rate, and strained speech output?

  1. apraxia
  2. aphasia
  3. dysarthria
  4. all of the above
A
  1. dysarthria
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24
Q

The Lee Silverman Voice Therapy (LSVP) program is most frequently utilized for patients with apraxia of speech following a stroke. True or False

A

False

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25
Q

Gunshot wounds typically result in a closed head injury. True or False

A

False

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26
Q

Braco’s area is located in the temporal lobe of the brain. True or False

A

False

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27
Q

The disorder dysarthria includes impairment of both speech and language function. True or False

A

False

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28
Q

Patients with apraxia of speech typically do not have weakness in the oral muscles.

A

True

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29
Q

Patients with speech difficulty related to Parkinson’s’ disease may demonstrate difficulty with speech production along with dysphonia. True or False

A

True

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30
Q

Wernicke’s Area is typically located in what area of the brain?

  1. right frontal
  2. left temporal
  3. right temporal
  4. left frontal
A

left temporal

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31
Q

From the choices below identify the functional areas that can be negatively impacted by injury to the right hemisphere of the brain

  1. short-term memory
  2. attention
  3. orientation
  4. naming
A

1, 2, & 3

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32
Q

This lobe of the brain processes visual information

  1. temporal
  2. occipital
  3. parietal
  4. frontal
A
  1. The occipital lobe
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33
Q

This lobe of the brain processes visual information

  1. frontal
  2. temporal
  3. occipital
  4. parietal
A
  1. occipital
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34
Q

Voice disorders are likely to be found in people who depend on a healthy voice. True or False

A

True

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35
Q

Voice Disorders can be easily prevented. True or False

A

True

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36
Q

The key anatomical structures required for voice production can be found where?

A

In the framework of the Larynx

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37
Q

What is the key purpose of the Larynx?

A

It prevents food, and liquid foreign invaders from entering the lungs

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38
Q

What words are used to determine whether the thyroarytenoid muscle “vocal folds” are open or closed

A

abducted open
adducted closed

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39
Q

The physiological process of voice production is phonation. True or False

A

True

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40
Q

What are the 3 Processes of Phonation?

A
  1. Respiration
  2. Phonation
  3. Resonance
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41
Q

The number of vocal fold vibrations per second determines what?

A

Pitch

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42
Q

What are the three voice registers?

A
  1. pulse register low pitch
  2. Modal register mid-pitch
  3. Falsetto register loud pitch
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43
Q

Voiced sounds encompass all vowels and approximately 1/2 of the consonants. True or False

A

True

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44
Q

What is Dysphonation and what disorder is this associated with?

A

It is any kind of impaired voice and is associated with aphonia which is the inability to produce any kind of voice

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45
Q

What is Hyperfunctional Voice

A

Speaking with excessive muscle tension resulting in a tense high pitched voice

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46
Q

What is Hypofunctional Voice

A

when the muscle tone of the laryngeal mechanism during the production of voice is often weak, low-pitch, and breathy

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47
Q

What is an otolaryngologist?

A

A surgeon who treats disorders of the ear, nose, and throat “head and neck surgeon”.

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48
Q

Voice Disorder Categories by Colton, Casper, Leonard

A
  1. Vocal Misuse “phonotrauma”
  2. Nervous System Involvement
  3. Organic Disease and Trauma
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49
Q

Which of these disorders are a result of vocal misuse?

  1. Laryngitis
  2. Vocal Polyp
  3. Spasmodic Dysphonia
  4. Vocal Nodules
  5. Puberphonia
A

Answer

1, 2, 4, 5

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50
Q

Laryngitis

A

What is Laryngitis: Swelling of vocal folds

What causes Laryngitis: Excessive voice use, bacterial infection, viral infection, irritants, or heartburn “backup of stomach acid in the throat”.

Symptoms: Sore throat, swallowing difficulties, breathy or hoarseness.

Forms: Acute- lasting only a few days
Chronic-lasting weeks to months

Potential issues: Chronic laryngitis can result in more severe voice disorders, and children who experience severe forms of laryngitis may result in breathing difficulties.

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51
Q

Vocal Nodules

A

What are Vocal Nodules: Noncancerous callous-like bumps on the vocal folds.

What causes Vocal Nodules: Repeated pressure on the same area of the vocal folds

Symptoms: Slightly breathy, or hoarse voice. Abnormally low voice pitch, singers being unable to sing high notes. Delay in onset of sound when singing high notes with audible air escape.

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52
Q

Vocal Polyp

A

What is a Vocal Polyp: A noncancerous growth on one of both of the vocal folds, however instead of being hard and callous like the vocal nodules they are soft like blisters.

What causes Vocal Polyps: Usually caused by sudden vocal trauma, however, Reinke’s Edema “smokers voice” caused by smoking can also create vocal polyps

Symptoms: abnormal voice quality, vocal fatigue, and sensation of a lump in the throat that requires clearing.

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53
Q

Puberphonia

A

What is Puberphonia: “Mutational Falsetto” when an adult usually a young male speaks in a high-pitched voice well after when his voice should have deepened. It may reflect a psychogenic disorder caused by a rare underlying psychological disturbance.

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54
Q

Which of these voice disorders are related to nervous system involvement?

  1. Neurogenic Voice Disorder
  2. Spasmodic Dysphonia
  3. Papilloma
  4. Carcinoma
A

Answer: 1, 2

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55
Q

What are the kinds of Neurogenic Voice Disorders?

A

Parkinson’s Disease & Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

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56
Q

Parkinson’s Disease

A

A progressive neurological disorder affecting movements such as walking, talking, and writing. It generally affects people beyond the age of 40.

Symptoms: Tremors, Stiffness, Bradykinesia “slowness of movements”.

Parkinson’s can create voice problems in approximately 50%-80% of Parkinson’s patients.

Voice tones created by Parkinson’s include monotonic, low-pitched voice, and loudness variation

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57
Q

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

A

Motor Neuron Disease, is a progressive chronic disease of the nerves that supply the electrical stimuli to the muscles used for any and all movements. It creates muscle weakness and muscle wasting, and also effects people who are generally over age 40.

Symptoms: Hoarse voice, accompanied by vocal spasms

58
Q

Spasmodic Dysphonia is the most mysterious of all voice disorders as we are unsure what causes it, and how best to treat it. True or False

A

True

59
Q

What are the 2 types of Spasmodic Dysphonia

A

Adductor Type, and Abductor Type, both relate to the opening and closing of the vocal folds. They both occur in middle-aged adults and have no preference toward men or women.

60
Q

Adductor type is more rare the Abductor type Spasmodic Dysphonia. True or False

A

False, Abductor type is more rare

61
Q

What is an Organic Disease and Trauma related Voice Disorder

A

Those that affect the structure of the vocal mechanism as a result of an organic disease or physical trauma.

62
Q

Papillomas

A

What are Papillomas: benign tumors caused by the infection of the papillomavirus. These develop anywhere in the body including the larynx. 60%-80% are found in children, usually before age 3.

Why are they dangerous: Although benign their rapid growth can result in airway obstruction which can then result in asphyxiation if not promptly treated.

Most obvious symptom a hoarse voice

63
Q

Carcinoma

A

What is Carcinoma: Cancer of the larynx, without treatment, can become life-threatening.

Primary Cause: Smoking

64
Q

Bilingualism and multilingualism should always be considered when completing an assessment of communication function. True or False

A

True

65
Q

A swallowings disorder can result from what?

A

TBI, Traumatic Brain Injury
Head & Neck Cancer
Respiratory Illness/Dysfunction
Stroke CVA

66
Q

Intervention and management for swallowing disorders include which of the following?

  1. Positioning Recommendations
  2. Diet Modifications
  3. Swallowing Exercises
A

Answer: All of them

67
Q

What word refers to food, liquid, or stomach acid reaching the airway and entering the lungs?

A

Aspiration

68
Q

The Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (FEES) can only be done by a physician. True or False

A

False

69
Q

Dysphagia can result in both illness and death. True or False

A

True

70
Q

Digestion begins in the mouth through saliva enzymes. True or False

A

True

71
Q

The most rapid phase of swallowing is the esophageal phase

A

False

72
Q

NPO = No food or Liquid by Mouth. True or False

A

True

73
Q

It is easy for patients, families, and caregivers to understand, with little SLP instruction how to consider a recommended nonoral means of nutrition. True or False

A

False

74
Q

Dysphagia is well understood and there is little research being done on the condition. True or False

A

False

75
Q

Swallowing is a complex activity requiring 30-40 muscle pairs, and at least 6 nerve pairs. They also must be in sequence with breathing patterns to ensure that the food enters the stomach instead of the lungs. True or False

A

True

76
Q

What is the swallowing breakdown for disabled students?

A
  1. wakefulness and awareness
  2. brain functioning
  3. muscular strenght
77
Q

Dysphagia is the medical term for difficulty swallowing and is not a communication disorder. True or False

A

True

78
Q

The normal swallowing process is called maintenance. True or False

A

False: Degluttition

79
Q

What are the 2 reasons we swallow

A
  1. Maintenance- to remove excess saliva in the oral cavity
  2. Ingestion- To consume food or water
80
Q

After an individual experiences a stroke, they are 75% likely to experience a swallowing disorder, which can lead to aspiration. True or False

A

True

81
Q

What is reflux?

A

A backward flow of food or liquid

82
Q

What are the 3 stages of normal swallowing?

A
  1. Oral
  2. Pharyngeal
  3. Esophageal
83
Q

The Oral Stage

A

Prepares food to be swallowed, and brings it to the back of the mouth, while at the same time maintaining normal nasal breathing.

84
Q

The Pharyngeal Stage

A

Begins once food or bolus reaches the back of the mouth. As the bolus moves down the pharynx the nasal cavity is closed off from the oral cavity, while the throat muscles shorten the pharynx and push the food toward the esophagus. The vocal folds close tightly and breathing stops to prevent food and liquid from entering the trachea

85
Q

The Esophageal Phase

A

When the bolus is directed away from the trachea into the gullet or esophagus, which goes to the stomach, and once sphincter is tightly closed, normal breathing resumes

86
Q

What are the 3 types of Dysphagia, and which 2 have known physiological and anatomical difficulties?

A
  1. Oropharyngeal Dysphagia
  2. Esophageal Dysphagia
  3. Function Dysphagia

1, and 2 have known difficulties

87
Q

Oropharyngeal

A

What it is: The most common dysphagia type, and it effects the transfer of liquids and foods from the mouth, pharynx, and esophagus

88
Q

The space between the tongue and epiglottis is called the what?

A

The Valleculae

89
Q

What phase of swallowing involves constriction of the throat muscles, inversion of the epiglottis, and elevation of the larynx

A

The Pharyngeal Stage

90
Q

What uses X-rays to evaluate swallowing function?

A

The modified barium swallow study

91
Q

Which of these structures are a part of the Central
Nervous System CNS?

  1. Brain
  2. Spinal Cord
  3. Brainstem
  4. Cerebullum
A

All of them

92
Q

Which of these structures is a part of the Peripheral Nervous System PNS?

  1. Brain
  2. Spinal Nerves
  3. Cranial Nerves
A

All of them

93
Q

From the choices below which diseases may cause neurogenic communication disorders?

  1. Parkinson’s Disease
  2. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
  3. Cerebral Vascular Accident
  4. TBI
A

All of them

94
Q

Symptoms of Dysthrathria include slurred speech, slow rate of speech production, and strained speech. True or False

A

True

95
Q

Groping behaviors of oral movements, inconsistent sound errors, and greater ease of production of automatic speech are symptoms of Apraxia. True or False

A

True

96
Q

The larynx is made of muscle, bone, and cartilage. True or False

A

True

97
Q

The thyroid cartilage is the largest laryngeal structure, the two plates of cartilage coming together form the laryngeal prominence or Adam’s Apple. True or False

A

True

98
Q

The Hyoid Bone

A

Is above the thyroid cartilage, is U shaped, not attached to any other bone, and is considered free floating.

99
Q

The Cricoid Cartilage

A

Is under the thyroid cartilage, is ring-shaped, ant sits above the trachea or windpipe

100
Q

Vocal cords, or folds

A

Housed within the larynx, and made of several tissue layers the core of which is muscle.

101
Q

What are abducted vocal folds used for?

A

Breathing and Respiration

102
Q

What are adducted vocal folds used for?

A

The beginning of a cough, phonation “talking”, and breath holding

103
Q

The space between the true vocal folds is called the what?

A

The glottis

104
Q

Laryngeal Videostroboscopy

A

To evaluate vocal fold vibration, a strobe light is utilized which allows
us to visualize the vibration and to assess for any abnormalities.

105
Q

Air that is flowing from the lungs, up through the trachea on
expiration creates subglottic pressure

A

(below the level of the true
vocal folds) which blows the vocal folds open and sets them into
vibration.

106
Q

Bernoulli principle

A

Rather than just opening due to the force of air, vibration occurs.
* The opening of the vocal folds creates a negative pressure which then sucks
the vocal cords back together again – and then the subglottic air blows them
apart again – repeat!
* This vibration of the vocal folds creates the sound that we call audible
phonation.

107
Q

Modal pitch

A

normal speaking

108
Q

Vocal registers

A

The different pitches

109
Q

What is vocal intensity measured in?

A

Decibels “dB”

110
Q

Only physicians can diagnose vocal pathology. True or False

A

True

111
Q

The Larynx Lowers with age. True or False

A

True

112
Q

Vocal hygiene examples

A

Adequate hydration
* Avoid intake of caffeinated beverages (foods)
* Avoid intake of acidic foods/beverages
* Avoid alcohol intake
* Do not smoke/vape
* Avoid throat clearing
* Avoid speaking over background noise
* Avoid yelling/screaming
* Avoid whispering

113
Q

The brain is called the cerebrum. True or False

A

True

114
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

Responsible for planning of body
movement.
* The frontal lobe of the left
hemisphere contains Broca’s
area.
* An important area for speech
and language.

115
Q

Parietal Lobe

A

Process Sensory Information

116
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

Contain the primary auditory center
* Sound from the ears travels
through the nervous system to
the primary auditory center to
be interpreted.
* The temporal lobe of the left
hemisphere contains Wernicke’s
area
* An area responsible for
language comprehension.

117
Q

Occipital

A

Process Visual Information

118
Q

Individuals with TBI can experience deficits in the areas of:
speech, language, cognition & swallowing. True or False

A

True

119
Q

PD Parkinson’s Disease

A

A degenerative disease that typically occurs in individuals over the age of 60
years.
* Loss of nerve cell function in the basal ganglia of the brain which is
responsible for the control of muscle movements.
* Symptoms include:
* Tremulous movements of the limbs and the face
* Stiffness of the limbs and trunk
* Slowing of movements (bradykinesia)
* Impaired balance & coordination
* Individuals with PD may have deficits in speech, voice, cognition &
swallowing

120
Q

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

A

Disease of the motor neurons that leads to inability to control
muscles
* Typically diagnosed between the ages of 40 – 60 years of age
* A degenerative disease - survival after diagnosis is typically 3-5
years
* More common in men
* Individuals with ALS typically experience difficulty with speaking
and swallowing
* Motor impairment typically leads to immobility and respiratory
failure

121
Q

Dysarthria

A

An impairment of motor control for speech production.
* Can be caused by impairment of the muscles necessary for speech
production which results in:
* Paralysis of muscle(s)
* Weakness of muscle(s)
* Reduced coordination of muscle movement
* Dysarthria is a speech disorder (not a language disorder)
* It can co-occur with other communication disorders, however.
Dysarthria
* There are different types of dysarthria (see Table 8-2)
* The type of dysarthria that occurs is based on the site of the lesion
within the nervous system.
* The most common type of dysarthria is “mixed dysarthria”
* Occurs when there is damage to more than one area within the
nervous system.

Characteristics of dysarthric speech can include:
* Slurring of speech
* Slow rate of speech production
* Strained speech
* Dysarthria can be seen in:
* Stroke (CVA)
* TBI
* Parkinson’s disease (PD)
* Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
* And several other diseases/disorders

122
Q

Apraxia

A
  • Impairment in motor planning to perform voluntary oral movements.
  • This is not due to muscle weakness!
  • Two types:
  • Developmental (We discussed this already – Childhood Apraxia of
    Speech (CAS))
  • Acquired apraxia
  • Stroke
    Apraxia of Speech
  • Characteristics:
  • Misarticulations are variable
  • Typically, shorter words are easier to produce than longer
    words
  • “Groping” behaviors of the speech structures can be
    noted.
  • Automatic speech production is preservedApraxia of Speech
  • Characteristics:
  • Misarticulations are variable
  • Typically, shorter words are easier to produce than longer
    words
  • “Groping” behaviors of the speech structures can be
    noted.
  • Automatic speech production is preserved
    Types of Apraxia
  • Apraxia of speech (what we have discussed)
  • Oral apraxia
  • Impaired motor planning for volitional movements of the
    speech structures
  • Limb apraxiaTypes of Apraxia
  • Apraxia of speech (what we have discussed)
  • Oral apraxia
  • Impaired motor planning for volitional movements of the
    speech structures
  • Limb apraxia
123
Q

Neurological Diseases

A

Neurological diseases:
* Parkinson’s Disease (PD)
* Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
* Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

124
Q

The same medical conditions/diseases that can result in neurogenic
speech disorders (dysarthria and apraxia) can typically also result in
neurogenic language disorders. True or False

A

True

125
Q

Left Hemisphere Dysfunction

A

Language disorders
* Aphasia
* Most commonly caused by stroke (CVA)
* Impaired language function
* Severity and areas of language that are impacted vary from
individual to individual

126
Q

Aphasia

A

Types of aphasia can be broken down into:
* 1. Fluent
* 2. Nonfluent
* Description of impairment can also be based on degree of
impairment in areas of language (expressive & receptive)
* For example:
* Mild expressive aphasia
* Moderate receptive aphasia
* Moderate-severe mixed aphasia (both expressive and receptive)
* Moderate expressive aphasia with mild receptive aphasia

127
Q

Global vs Broca’s Aphasia

A

Global Aphasia – Severe/profound non-fluent aphasia – impacts all
modalities of expressive and receptive language.
* Can be evolving
* Broca’s Aphasia – Nonfluent aphasia (Expressive language function is
more impaired than receptive language function – short phrases with
omission of function words like “the” “and” “is” ). E.g.: “Walk dog” for
“He is taking the dog for a walk”.

128
Q

Wernickes vs Anomic Aphasia

A

Wernicke’s Aphasia – Fluent with absent content; comprehension is
reduced. E.g.: “You know that smoodle pinkered and that I want to
get him round and take care of him like you want before.”
(nidcd.nih.gov)
* Anomic Aphasia – Fluent, but experience difficulty with word finding
(which may negatively impact on fluency, at times). Typically have
better language comprehension than language expression.

129
Q

Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area both affect the left hemisphere. True or False

A

True

130
Q

Broca’s Area

A

Broca’s area
* Discovered by Dr. Paul Broca in
1865.
* Impairment in this area, located in
the frontal lobe of the brain,
results in a language impairment
with nonfluent aphasia.
* In Broca’s aphasia, expressive
language function is more
impaired than receptive language
function.
https://www.biomedguide.com/anatomy-and-physiology/the-nervous-system/brocas-area-
and-wernickes-area/

131
Q

Wernicke’s Area

A

Wernicke’s area
* Discovered by Dr. Karl Wernicke in
1874.
* Impairment in this area, located in
the temporal lobe of the brain,
close to the auditory cortex,
results in fluent aphasia.
* Wernicke’s aphasia is
characterized by language that is
without meaning with significantly
impaired auditory comprehension.
* There are words present,
spoken fluently, that have no
meaning.
* “Word salad”
https://www.biomedguide.com/anatomy-and-physiology/the-nervous-system/brocas-area-
and-wernickes-area/

132
Q

There are several other types of aphasia, not just Broca’s
Wernicke’s and Anomic, and Global aphasia. True or False

A

True

133
Q

Not all aphasias can be completely identified as a “type”
due to brain organization differences and the potential for
more than one stroke.

A

True

134
Q

Right Hemisphere Damage

A

Right hemisphere damage (not just the frontal lobe!)
* Impairment can result from a right CVA (stroke) or a TBI (traumatic brain
injury)
* Deficits occur in the areas of:
* Orientation
* Attention
* Auditory comprehension
* Immediate recall
* Short-term memory
* Reasoning / Judgment
* Executive function
* Planning
* Organizing
* Making decisions

135
Q

Stroke Visual Deficits

A

Have a negative impact on a constellation of functions.
* Consider ambulation and activities of daily living (ADLs)
* Consider printed materials provided for patient education
* 1. Visual Neglect
* Not an issue with the eye itself or the visual cortex (occipital lobe).
* Left visual neglect
* Inattention to objects/people on the left

136
Q

Dementia

A

An umbrella term that refers to a disorder (usually progressive) that result
in deficits in the areas of:
* Thinking
* Behavior
* Language function
* Ability to complete activities of daily living
* Results from a variety of diseases that impact on function of the cortex of
the brain or subcortical function.
* Alzheimer’s Disease (A type of cortical dementia - the most common cause of
dementia)
* Parkinson’s Disease (A type of subcortical dementia)
* Role of the speech-language pathologist

137
Q

Baseline Communication Function Assessment

A
  • What is the patient’s baseline function/communication function?
  • Does the patient wear glasses?
  • Where are they?
  • Does the patient wear hearing aids?
  • Where are they?
  • Do they function?
  • What is the patient’s education level?
  • Is the patient bilingual or a polyglot?
  • What is their preferred language?
  • Is the patient right or left-handed?
138
Q

Aphasia Assessment

A

Administer a standardized assessment (if appropriate based on the
patient’s medical condition).
* Evaluate:
* Expressive language
* Naming
* Real objects
* Pictures
* Sentence completion
* Writing function
* Receptive language
* Auditory Comprehension
* Ability to execute commands
* Yes/No responses
* Reading ability/comprehension

139
Q

Aphasia Therapy Goal

A

Aphasia: The goal of therapy is to:
(1) Maximize recovery of impaired function
(2) Assist in the development of communication strategies
(3) Help the patient adjust to the residual deficits of the brain injury
(4) Provide education to the patient’s caregivers regarding strategies
to maximize communication function

140
Q

Primary structures of swallowing

A

Oral Cavity
* Lips
* Tongue
* Teeth
* Mandible
* Saliva
* Nasal Cavity
* Velum
* Pharynx
* Muscles
* Epiglottis
* Valleculae
* Pyriform sinuses
* Upper esophageal sphincter (UES)
* Trachea
* Cartilage
* Below the true vocal folds
* Esophagus
* Muscular tube

141
Q

Dysphagia

A

Dysphagia
* Disordered swallowing function
* A symptom – not a diagnosis
* Often results from a neurological disorder
* All those disorders we discussed (CVA, TBI) and neurological
diseases.
* Other causes include:
* Structural changes
* E.g.: Head and neck cancer
* Resulting from the presence of tumor and intervention for
the tumor
* Physiological changes/disorders
* E.g.: Respiratory dysfunction – COPD

SLP Study Questions (5 decks)

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