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Physics > SP3 - Conservation of Energy > Flashcards

SP3 - Conservation of Energy Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the names of different energy stores?

A

Chemical energy
Kinetic energy
Thermal energy
Elastic potential energy
Gravitational potential energy
Nuclear energy

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2
Q

What are the names of different energy transfers?

A

Heat
Light
Sound
Kinetic
Electrical
Force

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3
Q

What are examples of items that store chemical energy?

A

Food
Fuel
Batteries

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4
Q

Where is kinetic energy stored?

A

Moving objects

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5
Q

Where is thermal energy stored?

A

Hot objects

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6
Q

Where is elastic potential energy stored?

A

Stretched materials
Squashed materials
Twisted materials

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7
Q

Where is gravitational potential energy stored?

A

Objects lifted above the ground

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8
Q

Where is nuclear energy stored?

A

Atoms

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9
Q

What does the law of conservation of energy state?

A

Energy cannot be created nor destroyed only transferred from one store to another.

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10
Q

What are the units for measuring energy?

A

Joules

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11
Q

What does a Sankey diagram show?

A

The amount of energy transferred to eachenergy transfer.

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12
Q

What is efficiency?

A

How good a machine is at transferring energy into useful forms.

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13
Q

What is the formula for efficiency?

A

Useful energy transferred
Efficiency = ————————————-
Total energy supplied

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14
Q

How do you reduce friction?

A

Lubrication

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15
Q

Why does the use of lubricant decrease make a machine more efficient?

A

Friction creates heat
The lubricant reduces the amount of friction, which therefore reduces the amount of heat energy wasted.

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16
Q

What does insulation do?

A

Slows down the rate at which energy is transferred out of the house.

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17
Q

What is conduction?

A

The process by which heat energy is transmitted through the material of a substance.

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18
Q

How does conduction work?

A

The particles in a solid heat up and start to vibrate quicker, the collisions cause the object it is touching to heat up to.

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19
Q

What is convection?

A

The process by which heat is transferred through the movement of liquids or gasses.

20
Q

What is a convection current?

A

When hot air rises and cool air sinks, due to density.
The cool air that sinks heats up and rises, this repeats and forms a convection surrender.

21
Q

What is radiation?

A

The process by which heat waves are emitted.

22
Q

What surfaces absorb and emit infrared radiation easily?

A

Dark and dull surfaces.

23
Q

What does it mean if an object has low thermal conductivity?

A

Energy is not transferred through them easily by heating.

24
Q

What is the formula for gravitational potential energy?

A

Gravitational field strength =

mass x gravitational field strength x height

25
Q

What is the formula for kinetic energy?

A

Kinetic energy =

1/2 x mass x speed

26
Q

What is the other formula for kinetic energy?

A

1/2 x mass x (velocity)^2

27
Q

What is the formula connecting GPE and kinetic energy?

A

GPE = Kinetic energy

28
Q

What affects GPE?

A

Mass
Vertical height
Gravitational field strength

29
Q

What are examples of fossil fuels?

A

Coal
Oil
Natural gas

30
Q

What are non-renewable sources?

A

Sources of energy that cannot be replaced.

31
Q

What are renewable sources?

A

Sources of energy that can be replaced

32
Q

What are examples of renewable energy sources?

A

Solar power
Hydroelectricity
Tidal power
Wind turbines
Biofuels

33
Q

How does solar energy work?

A

The energy from the sun is stored in solar batteries and can be used to generate electricity.

34
Q

How does hydroelectricity and tidal power work?

A

It uses the energy stored in moving energy to generate electricity.
Hydroelectricity power stations use rivers.
Tidal bower uses turbines under the water.

35
Q

How do wind turbines work?

A

Uses the energy stored in moving air to generate electricity, by turning turbines.

36
Q

How do biofuels work?

A

Plants and animal waste is burnt in the same way as fossil fuels to generate electricity.

37
Q

What are the advantages of solar power?

A

Doesn’t produce carbon dioxide
Renewable

38
Q

What are disadvantages of solar power?

A

Requires lots of space, compared to power stations.
Only available during the day
Only available in certain weather conditions

39
Q

What are the advantages of hydroelectricity?

A

Renewable
No carbon emissions
Available any time

40
Q

What are disadvantages of hydroelectricity?

A

Expensive, as it requires a dam
Requires lots of space, compared to power stations.

41
Q

What are advantages of tidal power?

A

Available at predictable times
Renewable
Expensive, requires a barrage

42
Q

What are advantages of wind turbines?

A

Renewable
No carbon emissions

43
Q

What are disadvantages of wind turbines?

A

Requires lots of space, compared to power stations.
Expensive
Only available in certain weather conditions

44
Q

What are the advantages of biofuels?

A

Renewable
Reduced waste
Always available

45
Q

What are the disadvantages of biofuels?

A

Carbon emissions.

Physics (9 decks)

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