SP14 Flashcards
1
Q
What is the movement and arrangement of particles in solids?
A
- Can vibrate about fixed positions
- Packed tightly together in a a regular arrangement
2
Q
What is the movement and arrangement of particles in liquids?
A
- Can move around each other and flow
- Arranged in a random way, with particles still touching each other
3
Q
What is the movement and arrangement of particles in gases?
A
- Particles are moving around quickly and randomly
- Particles are far apart and expand to fill their container
4
Q
CP: How to measure density of liquid?
A
- Place an empty beaker on a balance and set it to 0
- Use a measuring cylinder to measure out 50 cm^3 of water, before adding this to the beaker and weighing
- Density is equal to mass divided by volume
5
Q
CP: How to measure density of a solid?
A
- Use a balance to find mass of a solid
- Fill a displacement can with water until just the point where water begins to exit the spout
- Hold a measuring cylinder under the spout and add solid object into the can
- Read volume of water displaced in measuring cylinder, which is the volume of the solid
- use the formula of density equals mass divided by volume
6
Q
Why are solids the most dense state of matter?
A
- The particles are most tightly packed together, with the fewest intermolecular spaces between them
7
Q
What is specific heat capacity?
A
- This is the amount of energy it takes to increase the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1 degree
8
Q
What is specific latent heat?
A
- This is the amount of energy it takes to make 1kg of a substance change state
9
Q
What is thermal insulation and some examples?
A
- This is the process of reducing heat energy transfers between objects
- It can be done by putting air gaps between layers, which trap heat energy trying to enter or escape
10
Q
CP: obtain a temperature-time graph of ice as it melts
A
- Put a boiling tube full of crushed ice into a heat-proof beaker
- Place a thermometer in the ice and note the temperature
- Place beaker on a tripod and gauze, before pouring boiling water from a kettle on it and keeping it warm with a Bunsen burner
- Record and note temperature every minute, until three minutes after all the ice has melted
11
Q
CP: Find the specific heat capacity of water
A
- Put a polystyrene cup in a beaker on a balance and set it to 0
- Fill the cup with water and write down the mass
- Put a thermometer and immersion heater in the water, before connecting it to a joulemeter
- Record temperature of water, before switching the heater on and waiting for five minutes
- After 5 minutes, record temperature of water and reading on the joulemeter
- Use equation for SHC to find it
12
Q
How is gas pressure formed?
A
- Gas particles move around randomly in their container
- As they collide with the wall of their container, it causes pressure
13
Q
How does increasing temperature increase the gas pressure?
A
- As the gas particles will have more kinetic energy, there will be more frequent collisions with the walls of their containers, increasing the pressure
14
Q
What is absolute zero?
A
- The coldest temperature in the solar system
- It’s -273 degrees Celsius
- At this temperature, the gas particles will have no kinetic energy, so there will be 0 gas pressure
15
Q
How do you convert from Celsius and Kelvin?
A
- Kelvin starts at absolute zero, with 0K being equivalent to -273 Celsius
- However, if you move up by 1K, its the same as moving up by 1C
- So to go from Celsius to Kelvin, you add 273
