sovereignty

Question 1

sovereignty

Answer 1

supreme, independent authority over a geographic area; monopoly over legitimate use of violence in the enforcement of its border

Question 2

legitimacy

Answer 2

lack of legitimacy among population does not always mean problem; lack of legitimacy among coercive power holders (national police, army) = big problem; citizens willing to subject themselves because they desire protection

Question 3

anarchy

Answer 3

where sovereigns interact, system that lacks overarching authority and enforcement; no similar sorts of enforcement system to be able to regulate affairs - up to sovereign state members themselves to how they interact; no world government; no world sovereign, no world body with a monopoly of legitimate use of violence

Question 4

anarchy’s implications - realist

Answer 4

constant threats, constant worry about war, need to prepare for war; sovereign entities free to do what they want, say, change their mind = can’t know their intentions

Question 5

realism view on WWI and anarchy

Answer 5

root cause = not Germany or any other powers, real culprit = european anarchy, powerful incentives for countries to seek european domination and domination

Question 6

importance of sovereignty - Ukraine

Answer 6

president Yanukovych decided not to sign free trade and political association agreement with EU, chose closer ties with Russia - Euromaiden protests in 2013, death of protestors, regime crumbled - Yanukovych fled - Russia’s annexation of Crimea (Ukrainian peninsula) in 2014, continued civil war in eastern region for several years until people dying at constant scale - peninsula removed from Ukraine’s sovereign orbit; Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022

Question 7

Iraq and sovereignty

Answer 7

undermine sovereignty of existing states, territory controlled expanded into Syria, Iraq, Libya, and West African countries; greatly lost territorial control remains still a threat from sovereign standpoint

Question 8

anarchy’s implications - liberals

Answer 8

less paranoid than realists; can estimate intentions of others - regime type, whether its willing to trade; don’t see anarchy as constant war = see it as commitment problems, no higher authority to enforce rules = fewer incentive to cooperate and solve problems; loss of mutual beneficial outcomes (free trade, environmental coalitions) viewed more as market failures

Question 9

anarchy’s implications - constructivists

Answer 9

more fluid; anarchy is what state’s make of it, state’s play a role in creating the environments in which they place themselves

Question 10

constructivists vs. liberals + realists

Answer 10

realists - threatening environment when it comes to anarchy; liberals - opportunistic environment; constructivists - environment is mutually constitute, though interactions - states can change through dynamics that structure/nature of anarchical environment; not inherently cooperative/conflictual, identities/interests are fluid early on, but once set difficult to change

Question 11

Westphalian peace conference 1643-1648

Answer 11

ended 30 yrs war; system where sovereign states had right to regulate within its territory

Question 12

Westphalian principles

Answer 12

mutual recognition - see each other as a state, non-intervention in other state’s domestic affairs (religion within other state’s territory main issue at the time); equality - under international system, each viewed as states (peers) despite differing economies; similar rights, similar responsibilities; territorial integrity - clear sense of what borders are, wars became more regulated

Question 13

Westphalian principles applied today

Answer 13

inconsistently followed; hypocrisy within European club; set of principles mutual recognition, equality, territorial integrity used among like members in a civilizational way; scramble for Africa - conference of Berlin

Question 13

Westphalian principles and imperialism

Answer 13

steamships, railroads - improvements in technology = states that could be exploited could be increased dramatically; conference of Berlin was way to regulate competition between European powers; no sovereignty for any African peoples - Britain controls South Africa, european powers (france, Germany) will respect Britain’s sovereignty over South Africa - recognize each other’s sovereignty rights over non-white people

Question 14

status quo

Answer 14

to be recognized as a state, other states need to recognize you as a state; “the capacity to enter into relations with other states”; can have diplomats and ambassadors - ambassador has to be accepted

Question 15

Montevideo convention 1933

Answer 15

state of international law qualifications: a permanent population, a defined territory, a government, the capacity to enter into relations with other states

Question 16

nation

Answer 16

community of people who share a common language, culture, ethnicity, descent, and/or history

Question 17

state

Answer 17

central authority with ability to enforce rules and laws within a specific territory

Question 18

hegemonic

Answer 18

state that has ultimate power; substantial material - military power but also psychological - think of interests as continental/global not local; modern power projection that hasn’t changed - power of the navy (view interests as global) have affect globally, not just on regional countries