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Southern Rhone #1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Southern Rhone’s largest appellation

A

Côtes du Rhône AOP

  • 6 different departments (Ardèche, Drôme, Gard, Loire, Rhône, and Vaucluse), covering an area of 44,000 ha
  • 32,036 ha planted
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2
Q

1st estate-bottled Châteauneuf-du-Pape

A

Château La Nerthe, 1785

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3
Q

% of Rhône Valley wines produced in the Southern Rhône

A

95%

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4
Q

Climate of the Southern Rhône

A

Mediterranean

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5
Q

13/18 permitted grapes of Châteauneuf-du-Pape

A
  • Grenache (Noir/Blanc/Gris)
  • Syrah
    Mourvèdre
    Bourboulenc
    Cinsault
    Clairette/Clairette Rose
    Counoise
    Muscardin
    Picardan
    Picpoul (Noir/Blanc/Gris)
    Roussanne
    Terret Noir
    Vaccarèse
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6
Q

Year Gadagne was promoted to status as a geographic designation

A

2012

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7
Q

Fraction of Rhône Valley’s wines released as Côtes du Rhône AOP

A

2/3

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8
Q

Year Rasteau’s dry reds were upgraded to AOP status

A

2010

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9
Q

Number of communes that may append their names to the Côtes du Rhône-Villages AOP

A

20 communes

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10
Q

Principal red grapes for Côtes du Rhône Villages

A

Grenache, Mourvédre, and Syrah

  • Styles and Encépagement:
  • Blanc:
    • P: Min. 80% comb. Bourboulenc, Marsanne, Roussanne, Viognier, Clairette, Grenache Blanc
    • A: Max. 20% comb. Piquepoul Blanc and Ugni Blanc
  • Rouge:
    • P: Min. 50% Grenache
    • C: Min. 20% comb. Mourvèdre and Syrah (P and C varieties must account for a min. 80% of the vineyard)
    • A: Max. 20% comb. Brun Argenté (Camarèse/Vaccarèse), Carignan, Counoise, Cinsault, Muscardin, Piquepoul Noir, and Terret Noir
  • Rosé:
    • P: Min. 50% Grenache
    • C: Min. 20% comb. Mourvèdre and Syrah (P and C Varieties must account for a min. 80% of the vineyard)
    • A: Max. 20% comb. Brun Argenté (Camarèse/Vaccarèse), Carignan, Counoise, Cinsault, Muscardin, Piquepoul Noir, Terret Noir, Clairette, Bourboulenc, Clairette Rosé, Grenache Gris, Grenache Blanc, Marsanne, Piquepoul Blanc, Roussanne, Ugni Blanc, and Viognier
  • Assemblage:
    • Blanc: Min. 50% P varieties
    • Rosé/Rouge: Min. 50% Grenache, and at least one of the C varieties must be present in the blend
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11
Q

Styles allowed for Côtes du Rhône AOP

A

Red, Whites, Rosés

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12
Q

Year Gigondas AOP was created

A

1971

  • red and rosé only
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13
Q

Min % of Grenache required for Gigondas and Vacqueyras reds

A

min. 50% Grenache

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14
Q

Soils of Gigondas

A

red clay alluvial soils

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15
Q

Max % of other Rhône grape varieties - excl. Carignan - permitted in the Gigondas vineyard

A

10%

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16
Q

Year Vacqueyras joined Gigondas as the 2nd former Côtes du Rhône village to be promoted to full appellation status

A

1990

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17
Q

Styles allowed for Vacqueyras

A

Red, white, rosé

  • Mostly red
  • vs. Gigondas - red and rosé only
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18
Q

Years Beaumes-de-Venise and Vinsobres were promoted to full appellation status

A
  • Beaumes-de-Venise - 2005
  • Vinsobres - 2006
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19
Q

Styles of wine for Beaumes-des-Venise AOP and Vinsobres AOP

A
  • Red wines
  • min 50% Grenache
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20
Q

Min alcohol for all four appellations Gigondas, Vacqueyras, Beaumes-des-Venise and Vinsobres

A

12.5% min alcohol

  • Same as Chateauneuf-du-Pape
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21
Q

Styles allowed for Lirac AOP

A

Red, White, Rosé

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22
Q

Two varietals used in a signaficant proportion in Lirac

A
  • Clairette
  • Bourboulenc
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23
Q

Commune that unwittingly served as France’s doorway to the phylloxera incursion

A

Lirac AOP, 1863

  • Despite Lirac’s sandier soils
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24
Q

Tavel AOP

A
  • Exclusively rosé wines
  • Based on Grenache in a dry style
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25
Q

2 appellations for vin doux naturel in the Southern Rhône

A
  • Rasteau AOP
  • Muscat de Beaumes-des-Venise AOP
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26
Q

Vignerons de Beaumes-de-Venise

A

Local co-operative that produces 90% of the wine labeled Muscat de Beaumes-de Venise AOP

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27
Q

Proportion of pure grape spirit added for vin doux naturel wines of Muscat de Beaumes-de-Venise AOP

A

5-10%

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28
Q

Styles allowed for Rasteau AOP and Muscat de Beaumes-de-Venise AOP

A
  • Both produce red, white, and rosé vin doux naturels
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29
Q

Grapes permitted for Rasteau vin doux naturel

A

3 colors of Grencache: Blanc, Gris, Noir

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30
Q

3 communes eligible for the Rasteau AOP

A
  • Rasteau
  • Cairanne
  • Sablet
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31
Q

Wines of Muscat de Beaumes-de-Venise vs Rasteau

(Domaine des Bernardines)

A
  • Muscat de Beaumes-de-Venise - fresher, more aromatic
  • Rasteau - more tawny flavors

(Domaine du Trapadis)

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32
Q

Year vignerons in Rasteau adopted the labeling terminology established by the producers of Rivesaltes in Roussillon: ambré and tuilé

A

2011

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33
Q

ambré and tuilé

A

respectively, white and red VDN wines w/ more oxidative character and min 3 years of aging

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34
Q

Label names for fresher versions of white and red Rasteau VDN wines

A

Blanc and Grenat

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35
Q

Rasteau ‘Hors d’Age’ VDN

A

min 5 years aging prior to release

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36
Q

Rancio

A

deliberately oxidative and maderized style in which the wine is left in open barrels, exposed to the ravages of sunlight and temperature

Rasteau AOP

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37
Q

Southern Rhône Valley’s northernmost appellation

A

Grignan-les-Adhémar AOP

  • Located directly south of Montélimar
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38
Q

Côtes du Tricastin

A
  • Grignan-les-Adhémar was formerly known as Côtes du Tricastin until 2010
  • Producers of the region were hoping to rebound sales and avoid an unsavory association with the troubled Tricastin nuclear plant, and renamed the appellation
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39
Q

Year INAO authorities transferred oversight of the Costières de Nimes AOP to officials in the Rhône Valley

A

2004

  • Formerly considered an appellation of Languedoc
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40
Q

Location of Costieres de Nimes AOP in the Southern Rhône

A

SW

  • Adjoins the regions of the Southern Rhône Valley, Provence, and Languedoc
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41
Q

Styles allowed for Luberon AOP, Ventoux AOP, Côtes du Vivarais AOP, and Costières de Nimes AOP

A

All red, white, rosé

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42
Q

AOP located within Costières de Nimes

A

Clairette de Bellegarde AOP

  • Single-commune appellation that produces white wine from the Clairette grape
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43
Q

Côtes du Rhône’s production surface area

A
  • Côtes du Rhône 32,036 ha
  • Ventoux 5,913 ha
  • Côtes du Rhône Villages 3,380 ha
  • Luberon 3,317 ha
  • Châteauneuf-du-Pape 3,161 ha
  • Vacqueyras 1,406 ha
  • Grignan-les-Adhémar 1,361 ha
  • Gigondas 1,216 ha
  • Beaumes de Venise 629 ha
  • Muscat Beaumes de Venise 472 ha
  • Vinsobres 441 ha
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44
Q

Côtes du Rhône Villages’s production surface area

A
  • Côtes du Rhône 32,036 ha
  • Ventoux 5,913 ha
  • Côtes du Rhône Villages 3,380 ha
  • Luberon 3,317 ha
  • Châteauneuf-du-Pape 3,161 ha
  • Vacqueyras 1,406 ha
  • Grignan-les-Adhémar 1,361 ha
  • Gigondas 1,216 ha
  • Beaumes de Venise 629 ha
  • Muscat Beaumes de Venise 472 ha
  • Vinsobres 441 ha
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45
Q

Grignan-les-Adhémar’s production surface area

A
  • Côtes du Rhône 32,036 ha
  • Ventoux 5,913 ha
  • Côtes du Rhône Villages 3,380 ha
  • Luberon 3,317 ha
  • Châteauneuf-du-Pape 3,161 ha
  • Vacqueyras 1,406 ha
  • Grignan-les-Adhémar 1,361 ha
  • Gigondas 1,216 ha
  • Beaumes de Venise 629 ha
  • Muscat Beaumes de Venise 472 ha
  • Vinsobres 441 ha
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46
Q

Châteauneuf-du-Pape’s production surface area

A
  • Côtes du Rhône 32,036 ha
  • Ventoux 5,913 ha
  • Côtes du Rhône Villages 3,380 ha
  • Luberon 3,317 ha
  • Châteauneuf-du-Pape 3,161 ha
  • Vacqueyras 1,406 ha
  • Grignan-les-Adhémar 1,361 ha
  • Gigondas 1,216 ha
  • Beaumes de Venise 629 ha
  • Muscat Beaumes de Venise 472 ha
  • Vinsobres 441 ha
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47
Q

Gigondas’s production surface area

A
  • Côtes du Rhône 32,036 ha
  • Ventoux 5,913 ha
  • Côtes du Rhône Villages 3,380 ha
  • Luberon 3,317 ha
  • Châteauneuf-du-Pape 3,161 ha
  • Vacqueyras 1,406 ha
  • Grignan-les-Adhémar 1,361 ha
  • Gigondas 1,216 ha
  • Beaumes de Venise 629 ha
  • Muscat Beaumes de Venise 472 ha
  • Vinsobres 441 ha
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48
Q

Vacqueyras’s production surface area

A
  • Côtes du Rhône 32,036 ha
  • Ventoux 5,913 ha
  • Côtes du Rhône Villages 3,380 ha
  • Luberon 3,317 ha
  • Châteauneuf-du-Pape 3,161 ha
  • Vacqueyras 1,406 ha
  • Grignan-les-Adhémar 1,361 ha
  • Gigondas 1,216 ha
  • Beaumes de Venise 629 ha
  • Muscat Beaumes de Venise 472 ha
  • Vinsobres 441 ha
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49
Q

Beaumes de Venise’s production surface area

A
  • Côtes du Rhône 32,036 ha
  • Ventoux 5,913 ha
  • Côtes du Rhône Villages 3,380 ha
  • Luberon 3,317 ha
  • Châteauneuf-du-Pape 3,161 ha
  • Vacqueyras 1,406 ha
  • Grignan-les-Adhémar 1,361 ha
  • Gigondas 1,216 ha
  • Beaumes de Venise 629 ha
  • Muscat Beaumes de Venise 472 ha
  • Vinsobres 441 ha
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50
Q

Vinsobres’s production surface area

A
  • Côtes du Rhône 32,036 ha
  • Ventoux 5,913 ha
  • Côtes du Rhône Villages 3,380 ha
  • Luberon 3,317 ha
  • Châteauneuf-du-Pape 3,161 ha
  • Vacqueyras 1,406 ha
  • Grignan-les-Adhémar 1,361 ha
  • Gigondas 1,216 ha
  • Beaumes de Venise 629 ha
  • Muscat Beaumes de Venise 472 ha
  • Vinsobres 441 ha
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51
Q

Muscat Beaumes de Venise’s production surface area

A
  • Côtes du Rhône 32,036 ha
  • Ventoux 5,913 ha
  • Côtes du Rhône Villages 3,380 ha
  • Luberon 3,317 ha
  • Châteauneuf-du-Pape 3,161 ha
  • Vacqueyras 1,406 ha
  • Grignan-les-Adhémar 1,361 ha
  • Gigondas 1,216 ha
  • Beaumes de Venise 629 ha
  • Muscat Beaumes de Venise 472 ha
  • Vinsobres 441 ha
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52
Q

Ventoux’s production surface area

A
  • Côtes du Rhône 32,036 ha
  • Ventoux 5,913 ha
  • Côtes du Rhône Villages 3,380 ha
  • Luberon 3,317 ha
  • Châteauneuf-du-Pape 3,161 ha
  • Vacqueyras 1,406 ha
  • Grignan-les-Adhémar 1,361 ha
  • Gigondas 1,216 ha
  • Beaumes de Venise 629 ha
  • Muscat Beaumes de Venise 472 ha
  • Vinsobres 441 ha
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53
Q

Luberon’s production surface area

A
  • Côtes du Rhône 32,036 ha
  • Ventoux 5,913 ha
  • Côtes du Rhône Villages 3,380 ha
  • Luberon 3,317 ha
  • Châteauneuf-du-Pape 3,161 ha
  • Vacqueyras 1,406 ha
  • Grignan-les-Adhémar 1,361 ha
  • Gigondas 1,216 ha
  • Beaumes de Venise 629 ha
  • Muscat Beaumes de Venise 472 ha
  • Vinsobres 441 ha
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54
Q

Rhone varietal NOT permitted in Gigondas

A

Carignan

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55
Q

Styles of wine produced in Gigondas and cepage requirments

A

Gigondas

  • Red and Pink
  • min. 50% Grenache, generally supplemented by Syrah & Mourvedre
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56
Q

Cepage requirements for Beaumes-de-Venise AOP and Vinsobres AOP

A

Red Only - min. 50% Grenache

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57
Q

AOPs allowed to produce Red, White, Rosé

A
  • Vacqueyras
  • Rasteau
  • Muscat Beaumes de Venise
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58
Q

Regions of France that use terms blanc, grenat, ambré, tuilé

A
  • Rasteau
  • Rivesaltes
  • Maury
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59
Q

Blanc, Grenat, Ambré, Tuilé

A
  • Blanc - unoxidative white VdN
  • Grenat - unoxidative red VdN
  • Ambré - oxidative white VdN, min 3 years age (3/1, 3rd year)
  • Tuilé - oxidative red VdN, min 3 years age (3/1, 3rd year)
60
Q

Years Roman Catholic Popes resided in Avignon

A

1309 - 1378

61
Q

What are the two planting styles of CdP?

A

En Ligne (in a line)
Au Carre (in a square)

62
Q

What is the min RS for Muscat de Beaumes de Venise?

A

100 g/L

63
Q

Chateau Beaucastel production:

A

Plants core 13
uses flash pasturization

64
Q

Henri Bounneau:

A

uses whole cluster fermentation

65
Q

Domaine de la Mordoree:

A

uses new french barrique

66
Q

Domaine du Vieux Telegraphe:

A

known for their use of La Crau fruit

67
Q

Domaine de la Janasse:

A

100% Grenache from Chaupin

68
Q

Chateau la Nerthe:

A

First estae-bottled CDP, 800+ year old esate

69
Q

Who proposed the rules that became our AOC system?

A

The growers in CdP after phylloxera appeared in 1863 and wine fraud was rampant

70
Q

When did CdP become an AOP?

A

1936
the first AOC/AOP in France

71
Q

Producers of Chateauneuf that use all 13 varietals?

A

Beaucastel
Domaine du Pegau
Clos des Papes

72
Q

Guigal’s CdP site?

A

Chateau de Naly’s

73
Q

Communes of production for CdP?

A

Chateauneuf du Pape
Orange
Bedarrides
Courtehgon
Sourges

74
Q

Grapes of CdP?

A

Grenache (Blanc, Noir, Gris)
Mouvedre
Syrah
Cinsault
Counoise
Bourboulenc
Roussanne
Vaccarese
Clairette
Clairette Rose
Muscadin
Picardin
Picpoul (Blanc, Noir, Gris)
Terret Noir

75
Q

Additional requirements for CdP:

A

Additional Requirements:
Hand-harvesting is required
A min. 2% of the harvested grapes must be used for table wine or discarded (râpé)
Flash-pasteurization is permitted for wine

76
Q

What is Vaccarese also called?

A

Brun Argente
Camarese

77
Q

AOP’s of Southern Rhone:

A

Cote du Vivarais
Grignan-les-Adhemar
Cote du Rhone Villages
Chateauneuf du Pape
Ventoux
Costieres de Nimes
Luberon
Gigondas
Vasqueres
Vinsobre
Beaumes de Venise
Rasteau
Cairanne
Lirac
Tavel
Clairette de Bellegarde

78
Q

What producer released the first estate-bottled CdP in 1785?

A

Chateau la Nerthe

79
Q

Communes of production for VDN in Rasteau?

A

Cairanne
Rasteau
Sablet

  • unfortified reds are labelled as “Rasteau”
80
Q

Principle varieties for VDN Ambre in Rasteau (Tawny Blanc)

A

Grenache
Grenache Gris
Grenache Blanc

81
Q

Is chapitalization allowed for VDN Rasteau AOP?

A

No

82
Q

Min % of grapes that must be discarded each CdP harvest?

A

2%
La Rape

83
Q

“La Crau” appears on what famous CdP bottle?

A

Vieux Telegraphe

84
Q

What is “mutage”?

A

Pure grape spirit added to arrest fermentation
- used in Rasteau AOP and Muscat de Beaumes Venise AOP

85
Q

For red wines, may wines be blended post-vinification in CdP?

A

No, must be blended before

86
Q

Who created the AOC system in CdP?

A

Chateau Fortin

87
Q

Prestige wine of Chateau Fortin?

A

“Cuvee Baron”

88
Q

What is “arrosage”?

A

Irrigation
permitted only is they apply

89
Q

Principle white grape of Cairanne AOP?

A

Bourboulenc
Clairette

90
Q

Styles of Beaumes de Venise AOP (not Muscat de Beaumes)

A

Rouge-only
Combined min 80% Grenache & Syrah
Max 10% Bourboulenc, Roussanne, Clairette

91
Q

Muscat de Beaumes de Venise AOP min RS?

A

100 g/L

92
Q

What is the white calcareous stone in Tavel called?

A

Lauses

93
Q

What is the name of the distinct mountain range located north of Vacqueras on the left bank of Ouveze?

A

Dentilles de Montmicail

94
Q

Wine in France can be traced back to the Greeks at this settlement?

A

Massalia, modern-day Marseille

95
Q

Name of the Pope who moved papal house from Rome to Avignon in 1309?

A

Pope Clement V

96
Q

Name of successor who began construction of the new papal palace?

A

John XII

97
Q

Beaucastel Vielles Vignes Blanc is made with _____

A

100% Roussanne

98
Q

Two communes of Vacqueras:

A

Vacqueras
Sarrians

99
Q

When was Gigondas elevated to AOP?

A

1971

100
Q

When was Muscat de Beaumes de Venise added as an AOP?

A

1945

101
Q

What year did phylloxera begin?

A

1863, Lirac
Chateau de Clery

102
Q

What CdP only comes in magnum?

A

Clos St. Jean “Sancus Santorum”

103
Q

What co-op produces 90% of Muscat de Beaumes de Venise?

A

Vignerons de Beaumes de Venise

104
Q

Where do we find galets in CdP?

A

North and northwest

105
Q

What was CdP called before the 19th century?

A

Vin d’Avignon

106
Q

What are bonbonnes?

A

Demi-johns, large glass jugs used to age VDL and Rasteau. Balloons over top used to age Banyuls.

107
Q

Rose-only AOP in Southern Rhone?

A

Tavel
- requires 30-60% combined Grenache Blanc/Noir/Gris, up to 60% Clairette, Clairette Rose, Cinsault, Picpoul Blanc/Noir/Gris, and Syrah

108
Q

Two communes that are eligible to produce Rasteau Vin Doux Naturel?

A

Rasteau
Cairanne
Sablet

109
Q

Southern Rhone runs between which two cities?

A

Montelimar -> Avignon

110
Q

Roman catholic popes resided in Avignon until _____

A

1378

111
Q

CdP remained property of the papacy until _____

A

1791

112
Q

When was CdP first bottled as such?

A

19th Century

113
Q

Galets are also known as ______

A

Pudding stones

114
Q

What are galets made of?

A

Quartzite

115
Q

Beaucastel includes every varietal but has a higher proportion of _______

A

Mouvedre

116
Q

Over 2/3s of the Rhone Valley’s wines are released as _____

A

Cotes du Rhone AOP

117
Q

How many communes can append to Cote du Rhone AOP?

A

22
Only red allowed:
Chusclan
Gadagne
Massif d’Chaux
Nyons
Plan de Dieu
Saint-Andeol
Saint-Cecile
Signargue
etc

118
Q

Soil of Gigondas? Cepage?

A

Red-clay alluvial soils

Blanc
Min 70% Clairette Blanc
Rosé and Rouge

Min. 50% Grenache, plus at least one of the two complementary varieties (Mourvèdre and/or Syrah)

The obligatory presence of Mourvèdre and/or Syrah in the rosé wine is mandatory only from the 2014 harvest forward

119
Q

What was the second Cotes du Rhone village to be promoted to full appellation status?

A

Vacqueras, 1990
Gigondas was 1st, 1971

120
Q

Beaumes de Venise/Vinsobres require _____% Grenache?

A

50%

121
Q

Min % abv for CdP?

A

12.5%
Highest in France for dry wines

122
Q

2 VDN appellations in Southern Rhone?

A

Rasteau AOP
Muscat de Beaumes de Venise AOP

123
Q

The ratio of grape spirit is _____% for mutage of Rasteau and Muscat de Beaunes

A

5-10%

124
Q

In what year did Rasteau vignerons adopt labelling terminology from Riversaltes (Roussillon)?

A

2011

Ambre = white
Tuile = red
Red VDN’s displaying a more oxidative character, subject to at least 3 years of aging before release

125
Q

Producers that make 100% Grenache CdP’s?

A

Chateau Rayas
Domaine de la Barroche (Pure/Terroir)
Bosquet des Papes
Dom de la Mordoree “La Plume de Pinetre”
Chapoutier Barbe Rac (100 yr old vines)

126
Q

Producers of CdP who don’t destem?

A

Pegau
Rayas
Saint Cosme
Cros Briard
Mont Thabor

127
Q

Owner/Winemaker for Chateau Rayas?

A

Jacques Reynard
- Chateau Fonsalette for his personal use

128
Q

What are the authorized white grapes of CdP?

A

Grenache Blanc
Picpoul Blanc
Bourboulenc
Clairette
Roussanne
Picardin

129
Q

Most-recent Cotes du Rhone villages to be updated to AOP?

A

Cairanne, 2016

130
Q

What is the term for “marl” in CdP?

A

“molasse”

131
Q

What single-commune appellation w/in Costieres de Nimes produces white wines from Clairette?

A

Clairette de Bellegarde AOP

132
Q

What is the Ventabren Massif?

A

350m blue marl escarpment
22km northeast of CdP
Rasteau vineyards

133
Q

Three sections of Rasteau?

A

Le Plan (flattest, pebbly)
Le Centre (blue marl, land begins to fold)
Le Montagne (highet land)

134
Q

Producers of Rasteau:

A

Dom Elodie Baume
Dom le Colliere
Dom la Soumade

135
Q

How did “Rasteau” get its name?

A

means “rake”
- like someone dragged a rake from Ventabren down slope forming ravines

136
Q

Producers of Lirac:

A

Dom Maby
Dom Condoulis
Dom de la Mordoree

137
Q

What plateau separates Lirac and Tavel? Soil?

A

Vallongues
- Galet Roules, different than lauses of Tavel

138
Q

How long are Rasteau Hors d’Age wines aged before release?

A

5 years

139
Q

First vintage of “Homage a Jacques Perrin”

A

Beaucastel, 1989

140
Q
A
141
Q

What estates does Chateau Rayas own in Vacqueras?

A

Chateau des Tours

142
Q

Cotes du Rhone-Villages must be at least _____

A

Rosé/Red: Min. 40% Grenache, min 25% Syrah and Mouvedre, combined 80% total

143
Q

Permitted varietals for Cotes du Rhone Blanc:

A

White: Min. 50% main varieties
Main Varieties: Min. 80% combined Bourboulenc, Marsanne, Roussanne, Viognier, Clairette, Grenache Blanc
Accessory Varieties: Max. 20% combined Piquepoul Blanc and Ugni Blanc

144
Q

What white grapes are allowed in Cdp?

A

Grenache blanc
Clairette
Roussanne,
Bourboulenc,
Picpoul
Picardan.

145
Q

Grapes of CdP:

A

Grenache
Syrah
Mourvèdre
Cinsault
Clairette
vaccarèse
Bourboulenc
Roussanne
Counoise
Muscardin
Picpoul
Picardan
Terret noir

France - Rhone (9 decks)

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