Southern Africa - Expanding Eastern Frontiers

Question 1

What is a frontier?

Answer 1

Edge of an area
Not a formal border
can change (border can’t)

Question 2

What was the British plan for the Cape?

Answer 2

Expand the frontiers to grow their empire

Question 3

Which were the three groups of peoples in the Eastern Cape between 1780 and 1850?

Answer 3

1. Xhosa ( 300 to 400 years)
2. Trekboers (moved from Cape, 100 years approx.)
3. British (from 1820)

Question 4

What were the main differences in beliefs of the Xhosa and Europeans?

Answer 4

Xhosa - people didn’t own land, it was communal. Cattle most precious possession
European - important that all adult males own land

Question 5

What period was known as the ‘100-year war’?

Answer 5

1779 to 1878

Question 6

How many wars were fought during the ‘100-year war’?

Answer 6

9

Question 7

Why did the ‘100-year war’ start?

Answer 7

The Dutch governor if the Cape made the Great Fish River the eastern boundary of the Cape Colony. (Xhosa already settled here)

Question 8

How many wars had already taken place on the eastern frontier once the British took over the Cape Colony?

Answer 8

3

Question 9

Why did the fighting get worse once the British took over?

Answer 9

British soldiers were sent to get the Xhosa off the land they had been living on for many years
Xhosa were accused of stealing cattle from the settlers

Question 10

Who was Chief Maqoma?

Answer 10

Son of Xhosa king Ngqika

Loved peace but fought British to defend his people’s land in the 6th Frontier War (1834-45)

Question 11

When did Chief Maqoma live?

Answer 11

1798 - 1873

Question 12

How did the 6th Frontier War begin?

Answer 12

1819 - British created neutral zone between Fish and Keiskamma Rivers. All ordered to leave. Only Xhosa left. White farmers given farms in ceded zone.
Chief Maqoma moved to Kat Valley.
1829 - British moved Khoikhoi and freed slaves into Kat river Valley as buffer between settlers and Xhosa

Question 13

What type of war was the 6th Frontier War?

Answer 13

Guerilla war in forests and valleys along Fish River

Question 14

When were Chief Maqoma and the other Xhosa chiefs imprisoned on Robben Island, and for how long?

Answer 14

1857

14 years

Question 15

Who was Andries Stockenström?

Answer 15

A British government official working in the Cape who tried to protect the rights of all parties under the British.

Question 16

When did Stockenström live?

Answer 16

1792 - 1864

Question 17

What happened when Stockenström was made Lieutenant Governor of the Eastern Districts?

Answer 17

The conflict calmed

Question 18

What agreement did Stockenström work out?

Answer 18

British and Xhosa would respect each other.
The Xhosa chiefs would not allow cattle raids by their people and the British wouldn’t go on to Xhosa land if cattle raids took place.
Other neutral parties would sort out the matter.

Question 19

How many European settlers were in the Cape when the British took over?

Answer 19

25 000 (mainly Dutch)

Question 20

Why did the British Government settle 4 000 unemployed British and their families in Algoa Bay (Port Elizabeth)?

Answer 20

To defend the Eastern frontier against the Xhosa

Question 21

When did the British stop the slave trade in their colonies?

Answer 21

1807

Question 22

Did the end of the slave trade in the colonies in 1807 end slavery?

Answer 22

No, it only meant that no new slaves could be brought in.

Question 23

When was slavery abolished?

Answer 23

1836