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WSET Dip D3 > South of France > Flashcards

South of France Flashcards

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1
Q

Carignan
(Languedoc)
[6 points]

A
  1. Late-budding, late-ripening = needs warm climate
  2. Need to reduce yield for concentration
  3. Prone to powdery mildew and grape moths
  4. Bunches firmly attach to vine = not suited for mechanical harvesting
  5. High acidity and tannin = carbonic maceration or blending
  6. Typically unoaked, medium ruby, simple blackberry fruit with high acid and tannin. Acceptable - good quality
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2
Q

Vineyard management LANGUEDOC

[3 points]

A
  1. Traditionally vines were grown as bush vines = well adapted to climate providing shading, but hand work ££
  2. New vineyards = trellises = mechanisation
  3. IGP and AOC wines may be machine harvested (the latter where topography allows)
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3
Q

Winemaking LANGUEDOC

[4 points]

A
  1. Inexpensive = large concrete or stainless steel, cultured yeasts, crushing grapes and fermenting on skins for 5-7 days (limit extraction). Mid-range temps, stored a few months in stainless steel or concrete. Early drinking, medium tannin, will hold 2-3 years
  2. Carbonic maceration employed
  3. High quality, small production = use sorting tables, fermentation at warm temps, ambient yeasts, barriques for maturation. Intended to age.
  4. Experimenting with concrete tanks and eggs, and large format oak vats
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4
Q

IGP wines LANGUEDOC

[3 points]

A
  1. 70% production
  2. Max yields 90hl/ha for white and red, 100hl/ha for rose
  3. 58 varieties may be used
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5
Q

IGP Pays D’oc typical style

A

Typically fresh, fruit expressions of the variety being used with little or no use of oak for maturing the wine.
Good-very good

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6
Q

General Languedoc AOC rules

[6 points]

A
  1. Red wines = require a minimum of two varieties including one or more of the principal varieties
  2. Most give an upper limit for one variety (e.g. max 80%), meaning all AOC are generally blends
  3. All but 2 (Cabardes AOC and Malepere AOC) require Grenache Noir as part of the blend and most require syrah and mourvedre
  4. Corbieres and Fitou, Carignan is a principal variety (in most others GSM are)
  5. Max yields typicaly between 45 and 50hl/ha (some sub-zones limit to 40). LANGUEDOC AOC = 50hl/ha for red and 60hl/ha for white
  6. LANGUEDOC AOC = Principal varieties are GSM
    Min of 2 varieties must be used including 1 principal
    No variety more than 80%
    Total combination of principals must make up 40% minimum
    Other varieties may not make up more than 30% of the blend (in sub-regional more typically 10%)
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7
Q

Style, quality and price of Regional appellation (Languedoc AOC)

A

Typically medium intensity, simple blackberry and plum fruit. Medium tannins, medium acidity, medium body.
Acceptable to good, inexpensive to mid-priced

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8
Q

Style, quality and price of Named appellation e.g. Corbieres (Languedoc)

A

Typically medium - medium (+) intensity, blackberry and red plum fruit with herb notes (lavender and rosemary), medium tannins, medium to medium (+) acidity, medium - high alcohol and medium (+) to full body.
Minority have oak aromas
Good-very good in quality, some outstanding. Inexpensive to premium priced

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9
Q

Style, quality and price of sub-appellation e.g. Corbieres - Boutenac AOC (Languedoc)

A

Typically medium (+) to pronounced aromas, medium (+) tannin. Very good quality with some outstanding examples. Mid-prices with some premium

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10
Q

Corbieres AOC

[5 points]

A
  1. Hilly - Vineyard slopes up to 450m
  2. Altitude + cooling winds = acidity
  3. Nearly 90% red
  4. at least 40% Carignan GSM
  5. Max yield = 50hl/ha
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11
Q

Minervois la liviniere AOC

[3 points]

A
  1. Red wine only
  2. Limestone terrace, gentle slopes 400m altitude
  3. GSM = min 40% + Carignan & Cinsault > 80% blend
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12
Q

Minervois AOC

[2 points]

A
  1. Range of climatic zones = altitude + proximity to sea

2. Mostly GSM

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13
Q

Saint Chinian AOC

[2 points]

A
  1. Mainly red and rose
  2. Northern zone = arid, fast-draining schist soils = lower yields, higher concentration. Southern zone = clay and limstone = higher yields of less concentration
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14
Q

Fitou AOC

[3 points]

A
  1. Coastal area = flat, low lying plains with clay and limestone
  2. Inland = more mountainous, less fertile, fast-draining schist soils
  3. Focus on carignan and grenache noir
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15
Q

Faugeres AOC

[2 points]

A
  1. 250-400m altitude, well drained, low fertility schistous soils
  2. High proportion of organic grape growing
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16
Q

Pic Saint Loup AOC - climate and grapes?

A
  1. Continental - 1,000mm per year rain

2. Syrah, must make up 50%

17
Q

Picpoul de Pinet AOC

[6 points]

A
  1. Piquepoul retains acidity as it ripens
  2. Low-lying land close to coast
  3. Max yield = 55hl/ha
  4. Dry, medium bodied with med(+)-high acidity, medium intensity lemon fruit with light floral notes. Acceptable to good
  5. UK = top export market
  6. Coops account for 90% production
18
Q

General climate in Languedoc

A 
Mediterranean
Rainfall 600mm avg pa
Very warm summers
Cool, dry Tramontane north-west wind
Drought some years where irrigation not permitted = reduced yields
19
Q

Top 6 grape varieties in Languedoc

A 
Carignan
Syrah
Grenache Noir
Merlot
Cabernet Sauvignon
Cinsaut
20
Q

What percentage to cooperatives make up of production in Languedoc

A

70% total production

21
Q

Vineyard management Rousillon

A
  1. Historically bush vines, most work has to be done by hand £££. Recently trellised though less flat land than in Languedoc
22
Q

2 main AOC’s for dry wines

A

Cotes de Rousillon AOC

Cotes de Roussillon Villages AOC - Red only

23
Q

Cotes de Rousillon AOC

[6 points]

A
  1. Situated on lower slopes - 100-250m
  2. Red, rose and white
  3. Max yields = 48 hl/ha
  4. Principal varieties = Carignan, Grenache Noir, Mourvedre and Syrah
  5. Must be made from 2 varieties, the variety with highest percentage is limited to 80%
  6. Max Carignan in vineyard is 50%, Syrah and Mourvedre seperately or together must be minimum 25%
24
Q

Cotes de Rousillon Villages AOC

A
  1. Red wines only
  2. 100-400m
  3. 45hl/ha
  4. 5 villages may append their name to this AOC, lower max yield of 42hl/ha
25
Q

Climate and topography in Roussillon

A

Warm, windy, mediterranean
500-600mm rainfall per year - Drought can be issue
Dominated by the pyranees - most vineyards are on the slopes or in the foothills
No area suited to high-volume production

26
Q

Most important grape varieties in Roussillon

A

Grenache Noir
Syrah
Carignan
Mourvedre

Muscats (black and alexandria)
Macabeu

WSET Dip D3 (13 decks)

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