South America

Question 1

European influences

Answer 1

Violin, guitar, harp, churango, different types of songs

Question 2

African influences

Answer 2

Balaphone, drums/shakers (maracas), voice (call and response), some scale types, marimbas (from African xylophones)

Question 3

Amerindian

Answer 3

Native: pan flute, simple frame drum

Question 4

Public music characteristics

Answer 4

Special sound of many performers (slight de-tuning, parallel voices); integration of ensemble through hocketing

Question 5

Private

Answer 5

Played by oneself or with family

Question 6

Shamanism

Answer 6

Shaman has acquired supernatural powers; can cure or inflict illness through spirits being communicated with through music

Question 7

Quichua location

Answer 7

Northern Andes of Ecquador

Question 8

Quichua instrument

Answer 8

diatonic harp

Question 9

Wayapi Indians

Answer 9

Private music; communicates with supernatural through chant

Question 10

3 differences between Afro-Brazilian and Afro-Cuban rhythm

Answer 10

Afro-Brazilian: no claves (instead uses ago-go), accent on ODD beats, uses surdos & tamborim

Afro-Cuban: uses claves, accents on EVEN beats, uses congas, maracas, & timbales

Question 11

Aymara location & instrument

Answer 11

Antiplano (Peru/Bolivia)

Panpipes

Question 12

Afrobolivianos location

Answer 12

The valleys (la semba)

Question 13

candomblé

Answer 13

Originated w/ African slave trade. Catholic church tried to suppress African religion, so slaves mixed the two religions and created candomblé, which still retains most aspects of original African religion.

Question 14

macumba

Answer 14

Blend of many local religions. Altered state of consciousness, possession by supernatural.

Question 15

batucada

Answer 15

Drumming, singing, and dancing associated with macumba

Question 16

capoeira

Answer 16

Artistic sport originated when slaves wore shackles

Question 17

Berimbau

Answer 17

Main instrument of the artistic sport Capoeira