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History South Africa 1948-94 > South Africa pre-1948 > Flashcards

South Africa pre-1948 Flashcards

includes populations in 1951 (start of Apartheid)

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1
Q

What was the first group to inhabit SA?

A

the San people

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2
Q

When did farming practices start in SA?

A

Around 2000 years ago

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3
Q

What was the new tribal identity of San people who adopted these farming practices

A

the Khoikhoi people

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4
Q

What tribal group became the largest in SA and when?

A

the Zulus, from 1800-1850

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5
Q

When was the war between the UK and Zulus and what was the outcome?

A

1878-1885, UK conquered Zulus

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6
Q

What were the two dominant white groups in SA?

A

Afrikaner and British Descent

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7
Q

Who were the Afrikaner people descended from and what centuries did they arrive in SA?

A

Descended from mostly Dutch people, and some French and Germans, in the 1600s and 1700s

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8
Q

Who made up the Coloured population

A

Anyone not classified as white, African or Indian. This included slaves brought from Indonesia and descendants of the San and Khoikhoi people

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9
Q

Which African groups were not classed as African

A

San and Khoikhoi people, counted as Coloured

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10
Q

Why did most Indians arrive to SA

A

Mostly hired to work on plantations

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11
Q

When did Britain hand SA self-government and why was this significant

A

1910, significant as they didn’t require white people to share power with African people, making most of government White

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12
Q

When did White Women gain the vote

A

1930

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13
Q

When did Africans completely lose the right to vote and became disenfranchised?

A

1936

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14
Q

Before 1948 where were most Africans forced to live?

A

Townships

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15
Q

What was the first city to completely urbanise in SA?

A

Johannesburg

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16
Q

What was the population of Johannesburg in the following years:

1886:
1900:
1948:

A

1886: 3,000
1900: 100,000
1948: 1,000,000

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17
Q

Why did Johannesburg urbanise so quickly?

A

Gold was discovered nearby, and the city rapidly grew to service miners who moved there for work

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18
Q

2 reasons why Africans benefitted out of WW2

A
  • South African Industry expanded to export to UK in WW2
  • 180,000 White Men fought in WW2 providing more job opportunities for Africans at the time
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19
Q

What was the largest township in SA?

A

Soweto

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20
Q

By 1948 White people owned what % of land in the country

A

80%

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21
Q

What is the staple crop of South Africa?

A

Maize

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22
Q

When was the Boer War?

A

1899-1902

23
Q

What was the impact of the Boer War?

A

It left tensions between the White British population and the Afrikaner population

24
Q

Name a politician in the 1910s who aimed to ease tensions after the Boer War

A

Jan Smuts

25
Q

What was the goal of Jan Smuts in the 1910s and 20s?

A

To unify the white population of SA back together

26
Q

Who succeeded Jan Smuts for the first time, what year and what party

A

J.B.M Hertzog, leader of the Afrikaner National Party, 1924

27
Q

What three changes did Hertzog make for SA from 1924-34

A
  • Bilingualism in National Civil Service
  • Afrikaans a National Language alongside English
  • Afrikaans teaching in schools mandatory as well as English
28
Q

What was the United Party, when and why was it formed

A

A unity between Hertzog and Smut’s parties into one United Party in order to fight the Great Depression. Formed 1934

29
Q

Who formed the NP and when

A

D.F Malan in 1934

30
Q

What was there a large increase of in during the 1920s and 1930s regarding nationality

A

Afrikaner Pride

31
Q

What major Afrikaner event took place in 1938 sparking celebrations and national pride

A

Centenary of the Great Trek

32
Q

Why was the Afrikaner vote significant by 1948

A

The Afrikaner population gained a sense of identity of pride of themselves as a ‘volk’ or people, so they voted in unison which was a lot in the national vote

33
Q

What was the Broederbond

A

A secret society of upper-class Afrikaners who shared a Christian, Nationalist, Republican ideology

34
Q

What was the main church of Afrikaners

A

Calvinist Dutch Reformed Church

35
Q

Why did the Calvinist Dutch Reformed Church support segregation

A

They believed that God had a different plan for black people and white people so black people should be segregated to maintian this

36
Q

Who did most Afrikaners support in WW2

A

Nazis

37
Q

What is an example of a fascist-leaning group formed by Afrikaners who opposed fighting Germany?

A

Ossewabrandwag

38
Q

At its peak, how many Ossewabrandwag members were there

A

300,000

39
Q

How did Ossewabrandwag influence the 1948 elections

A

Opposed Britain as they were fighting Nazis, and Smuts had strong UK relations

40
Q

How did WW2 affect global perception on racial discrimination in SA

A

Before the war, many countries had some form of racism employed, but after the Holocaust shocked so many, a push towards equal rights for all took place, making SA’s racism less okay with others

41
Q

Who gave SA sympathy before 1948 regarding racial views and 2 reasons why

A

The USA, as segregation was still supported in many places and the SA was staunchly anti-communist

42
Q

Why were White people very against Smuts in the 1948 elections

A

He flirted with some more liberal ideas, and people thought this would threaten White Rule

43
Q

Name one policy Smuts wanted introduced which scared White people

A

A rapid expansion of healthcare across the country, serving both Black and White people

44
Q

What was the Afrikaner phrase for the threat of African power

A

swart gevaar (black danger)

45
Q

What was the Afrikaner phrase for the flooding of Africans into cities

A

oorstrooming (flooding)

46
Q

What particular change did White people think would occur under the UP

A

Interracial Sex and Marriage

47
Q

What % of votes did Smuts get in the 1948 elections

A

49%

48
Q

What % of votes did Malan get in the 1948 elections

A

37%

49
Q

Despite getting less votes, how did Malan win

A

The voting system depended on how many constituencies won, rather than how many people voted. Malan won more constituencies, although these were often rural and unpopulated, while Smuts got less constituencies, but the ones he won were the most populated and won him most votes

50
Q

How many Africans in the 1951 census

A

8.5 million

51
Q

How many White people in the 1951 census (and how many Afrikaner, how many British)

A

2.6 million, made up of 1.6 million Afrikaners and 1 million British

52
Q

How many Coloured people in the 1951 census

A

1.1 million

53
Q

How many Indian people in the 1951 census

A

400,000

History South Africa 1948-94 (5 decks)

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