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World History > South Africa and Cold War > Flashcards

South Africa and Cold War Flashcards

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0
Q

Reasons for Cold War

A

Opposing ideologies
Mutual distrust
Military build up
Rivalry

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1
Q

Cold War

A

1945-1991

Political war without direct fighting between two major powers

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2
Q

Yalta and Potsdam

A

Allied conferences in 1945

Agreed on free elections and can only represent in own government

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3
Q

The Nuremberg Trails

A

War crimes against humanity (NAZI)
177 tried
Led by Robert Jackson
Found Nazi record keepings

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4
Q

Japan Reforms

A

Occupied by US

First feeds starving, new constitution, Hirohito denounces divinity, land reforms

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5
Q

Japan Improvement

A

Economical boost from Korean War

Use high tariffs, homogenous in culture

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6
Q

Japanese Government

A

Democracy, women given right to vote, rid military of power, no more secret police

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7
Q

UN

A

Created to keep peace

Security Council- 5 permanent members (US, USSR, China, France, and Britain) other 10 rotate in

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8
Q

Division of Germany

A

British- North
France- West
US- South
German- East

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9
Q

Division of Berlin

A

French,British, US - West

Soviets- East

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10
Q

Berlin Blockade

A

Stalin blocks all surface routes to West Berlin

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11
Q

Berlin Airlift

A

Allies airlift supplies to isolated area, Stalin lifts blockade

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12
Q

Marshall Plan

A

Counter Soviet Expansion
Aid western Europe’s economy by giving money and supplies
Offered to satellites

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13
Q

Yugoslavia aid

A

US sends money to Tito

Escape communism

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14
Q

Truman Doctrine

A

US will defend any country threatened by communism
Helps Greece and Turkey ($400 million)
Ends isolation

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15
Q

Iron Curtain

A

Churchill warns others about communists

Iron curtain referring to states under Soviet power

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16
Q

Satellite

A

Countries under indirect Soviet power and influence

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17
Q

NATO

A

North American Treaty Organization
US, Canada, 9 others
Anti communists

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18
Q

Warsaw Pact

A

Soviets and satellites

Used to control satellites

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19
Q

Domino theory

A

If one country falls to communism, the surrounding countries will too

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20
Q

Containment

A

Limit communism to areas already under Soviet control and it will eventually die out
Derived from Keenan

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21
Q

Krushchev

A

More economic than militaristic
Built Berlin Wall
Peaceful coexistence
Goulash communism

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22
Q

Korea division

A

38th parallel

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23
Q

Start of Korean War

A

Kim Il Sung, leader of North, goes to Moscow to ask Stalin to invade
Surprise invades South

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24
Q

Soviets during Korean War

A

Not in security council

On North Korea’s side

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25
Q

US in Korean War

A

Majority of troops and supplies from US

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26
Q

Inchon

A

MacArthur sends troops through Inchon to recapture Seoul

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27
Q

Yalu River

A

River on Chinese and North Korean border

UN soldiers ordered not to cross

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28
Q

China in Korean War

A

Send 1/2 million troops to fight for the North

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29
Q

Truman vs MacArthur

A

MacArthur wants to nuke China but Truman refuses
Truman sends in Air force
2 million civilians die

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30
Q

Korean War

A

1950-1953

The forgotten war

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31
Q

End of Korean War

A

Armistice

Korea still has POW

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32
Q

Pusan

A

South retreats here

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33
Q

HUAC

A

House of Un-American Activities committee
Led by McCarthy
Went after mail, teachers, and hollywood

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34
Q

Alger Hiss

A

American lawyer accused of being a Soviet spy

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35
Q

Eisenhower policies

A

Containment not enough

More nuclear power

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36
Q

Rosenburgs

A

Ethel and Julius
Accused of being spies
Sentenced to death on televised trail

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37
Q

Goulash communism

A

Mixture of command and market economy to raise living standard

38
Q

Kitchen debates

A

Khrushchev and Nixon

39
Q

McCarthy

A

Led red scare

Accused Truman and Marshall

40
Q

U-2 incident

A

US caught spying on Cuba with planes

US takes pictures of missiles

41
Q

ich bin ein Berliner (jelly donut)

A

“I am a Berliner”

Speech by Kennedy saying that we could work with the Soviets

42
Q

Cuban American agreement

A

Cuba removes missiles

US removes Turkish missiles and won’t invade

43
Q

Hot line and test ban

A

Limited nuclear allowance

44
Q

Vietnam War

A

Phase one- (1946-1954) France loses

Phase two- (1959-1975) US loses

45
Q

Geneva Accords

A

Peace treaty for phase one
Splits Vietnam on 17th parallel
Ho Chi Minh gets North
US gives Ngo Din Diem South

46
Q

Ngo Din Diem

A

Hated

US trains people to assassinate him

47
Q

Immolation

A

Buddhist monks set themselves on fire in protest

48
Q

Lech Walesa

A

Leads Solidarity movement

Becomes first president in free election in Poland

49
Q

Revolt on Gorbachev

A

Hard liners didn’t want to loose power, capture Gorbachev

Boris Yeltsin convinces them not to kill Gorbachev

50
Q

Glasnost and perestroika

Under Gorbachev

A

“Openness and reconstruction”
Freedom of speech and no censorship
Changing economy into a mixed one

51
Q

Viet Cong

A

Southern Vietnamese who want to be part of North

52
Q

Ho Chi Minh Trail

A

Runs through Laos and Cambodia

North gives info to Viet Cong

53
Q

US bombing on Vietnam

A

Nixon decides to bomb Vietnam with agents instead of nuclear weapons

54
Q

Orange Agent

A

Burns foliage

Causes cancer

55
Q

Napoln

A

Burning agent that burns human flesh

56
Q

War difficulties

A

Hot, dense forestry

57
Q

Drafting and protest

A

College students not drafted
Poor go to war
Hippies, women, and Latinos protest peacefully

58
Q

TV impact on Vietnam War

A

Causes Americans to hate own army for being cruel

59
Q

Tet holiday

A

North and South promise not to fight

North invades anyway and attacks Saigon with bombs

60
Q

France loss of Vietnam

A

France settle in Dien Bien Phu (basin) and are bombed from above

61
Q

Vietnamization

A

Gradual withdrawal because citizens realize war isn’t going well
Use helicopters to get troops out of Saigon which is about to be attacked

62
Q

End of Vietnam war

A

1975

Falls to communism

63
Q

Gulf of Tonkin resolution

A

Johnson and other presidents to follow have complete control over the future of the war

64
Q

Gulf of Tonkin

A

US ships land and are “bombed” by Northern ships

65
Q

Kent State

A

28 National Guards shoot at antiwar protest done by students

66
Q

Détente

A

“Thawing out” of the Cold War-Nixon

Ending of tensions

67
Q

Boers

A

Dutch descent

Farmers in South Africa

68
Q

Afrikaner

A

Mixed Boer and French descent

English domination in South Africa

69
Q

Apartheid

A

“Seperateness”

Whites feel threatened by Africans

70
Q

Passbooks

A

Blacks must carry passbooks to leave houses

71
Q

Townships

A

Formed by race

72
Q

Homelands

A

Blacks confined to homelands ruled by chiefs under white influence

73
Q

NP

A

National Party led by Afrikaners

In charge of government

74
Q

ANC

A

African National Congress
Supports Blacks
Eventually gains power
Led by Nelson Mandela

75
Q

Buthelezi

A

Message of self help and black nationalism

76
Q

Inkatha

A

Zulu movement led by Zulu king, wanted segregation in workforce

77
Q

Bus boycotts

A

White bus companies put Black companies out of business

Blacks walk to work

78
Q

Beer

A

Brewed by women, made best bread

79
Q

Freedom Charter

A

Written by Mandela and Tambo

Seen as treason

80
Q

City conditions

A

Living spaces too small
Rise in death and disease rates
More violence
No clean water or electricity

81
Q

Gold mining

A

Thousands die trying to mine

82
Q

deKlerk

A 
President 
Against apartheid
Releases Mandela
Writes new constitution 
Holds free election
83
Q

Education

A

Students taught to be prejudice
Forced to learn English language and culture
Segregation
No college for Blacks

84
Q

Sharpeville Massacre

A

Rival group to ANC
Police fire on unarmed demonstrators
Kill 69
ANC protest

85
Q

Necklacing

A

Put gasoline filled tire around victims neck and light it on fire

86
Q

Truth and Reconciliation Commision

A

People asked to confess past violence

No punishment

87
Q

AIDs

A

1/4 HIV positive, many deny
Spreads to US
Old men have sex with virgins
No condoms

88
Q

Botha

A

Suppression of opponents
Reform to win over Blacks-fail
Defended against communism
Attacked ANC bases

89
Q

Biko

A

Founded the Black Consciousness Movement

90
Q

African Laws

A

No mixed marriages
White reps only
Blacks have 3 days to stay in city and find job or leave
Must carry papers at all times

91
Q

Modern violence

A

Highest rates of rape and murder

Uneducated youth, unemployed

92
Q

Cuban Missile Crisis

A

October 14-28

World History (3 decks)

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