South Africa Flashcards
1
Q
What are the 6 GIs (Geographical Areas) of South Africa?
A
Western Cape Northern Cape Eastern Cape Kwazulu-Natal Limpopo Free Estate
2
Q
What is the Ward of the Eastern Cape?
without a district
A
St. Francis Bay
3
Q
What is the Ward of Free State?
without a district
A
Rietrivier FS
4
Q
What are the districts of KwaZulu-Natal?
without a region
A
Central Drakensberg
Lions River
5
Q
What are the Regions of Limpopo?
A
There are none.
6
Q
What are the Regions of the Northern Cape?
A
There are none.
7
Q
What are the districts of the Northern Cape?
without a region
A
Douglas
Sutherland-Karoo
8
Q
What are the regions of the Eastern Cape?
A
There are none.
9
Q
What are the three independent Wards of the Northern Cape?
without a district
A
Central Orange River
Hartswater
Prieska
10
Q
What are the regions of the Western Cape from North to South?
A
Olifants River Coastal Region Breede River Valley Klein Karoo Cape South Coast
11
Q
What are the districts of the Breede River Valley?
A
Breedkeloof
Worcester
Robertson
12
Q
What are the 7 districts of the Cape South Coast Region?
A
- Elgin
- Overberg
- Walker Bay
- Cape Agulhas
- Swellendam
- Plettenberg Bay
- Lower Duivenhoks River
13
Q
What are the 9 districts of the Coastal Region?
A
- Swartland
- Tulbagh
- Darling
- Wellington
- Paarl
- Franschhoek Valley
- Cape Town
- Lutzville Valley
- Stellenbosch
14
Q
What are the districts of the Klein Karoo Region?
A
- Calitzdorp
- Langeberg-Garcia
15
Q
What are the districts of the Olifants River Region?
A
- Citrusdal Moutain
- Citrusdal Valley
16
Q
Who founded the Constantia Estate? When?
A
Governor Simon van der Stel - 1685
17
Q
What is Rust en Verde?
A
An important producer in Stellenbosch.
18
Q
What region is the epicenter for viticulture and oenological research for South Africa?
A
Stellenbosch (Coastal Region)
19
Q
What is Kanonkop?
A
A champion of Pinotage in Stellenbosch.
20
Q
What is the Cape Doctor?
A
- A notoriously strong, southeasterly wind, that blows across the Western Cape throughout the spring and summer
- Inhibiting fungal disease and moderating temps
- But ferociously batters vines
21
Q
Half of South Africa’s Semillon is located where? What other sizeable plantings are here?
A
- Worcester
- In Breede River Valley Region
- -Colombard, Steen, Ruby Cabernet
22
Q
Who was responsible for renovating Groot Constantia in 1778 and bringing acclaim back to the wines?
A
Hendrik Cloete
23
Q
What is the IPW?
A
- Est. 1998 - Integrated Production of Wine Scheme
- Voluntary means for WO producers wishing to comply with sustainable environmental standards
- Jurisdiction of SA Wine & Spirit Board
- 2010 vintage forward, IPW evaluation (60% of better) and qualify for WO certification, will be marked with a join seal = “Sustainable Wine of Origin”
- By 2011, 85% of South Africa’s WO wine carried this new seal
24
Q
What district shifted to the new Cape South Coast region in late 2010?
Where did it shift from?
A
- Swellendam
- Breede River Valley
25
When did the golden era of Constantia end? Why?
- 1885 - when the state purchased Groot Constantia
- Phylloxera struck
- Colonial war broke out
26
What are the requirements for estate wines?
- Must be produced from contiguous parcels of vineyard land
| - Must be vinified and bottled on a single property
27
When did Powdery Mildew and Phylloxera strike South Africa?
-Latter half of 19th Century
28
When was the WO system introduced?
1973 (Australia wasn't established until 1981)
29
What annual wine auction is for rare Cape wines? Where does it take place? When was its first year?
- Nederburg Wine Auction
- Paarl
- 1975
30
What ward of Paarl was promoted to a district in 2010? Which followed suit in 2012?
- Franschhoek Valley
| - Wellington
31
When were the terms Cape Port and Cape Sherry phased out? What is Cape Port referred to as now?
- 2012
| - Cape Port is named according to its style: Cape Tawny and Cape Ruby
32
A South African synonym for Semillon.
What is Groendruif?
33
What is Jerepigo?
A VDL from South Africa, made from Muscat a Petits Grains with a min RS of 160g/l
34
What are the requirements for a single vineyard to be listed on a South African wine label?
- Must be 100% sourced from the listed vineyard
| - The vineyard must be appropriately registered and less than 6 ha
35
What 2 grapes are most promising in Klein Karoo? What is the focus of production?
- Muscat & Tinta Barroca
| - Fortified & Sweet wines (Jerepigo)
36
What is the Boberg Region named for?
The nearby Berg River
37
What Constantia estate revived the virtually extinct style with new Muscat de Frontignan planted in the 1980s? What is the common style for the region now?
- Klein ("little") Constantia
- Despite the historical fame of Vin de Constance, several new proprietors are focusing on international varieties and dry wines
38
When was the Cape South Coast Region created?
2010
39
What is the Cape's southernmost district?
Cape Agulhas - coolest climate in the country
40
Are multiple grapes allowed to be listed on a blended wine from South Africa?
Yes, if vinification occurred separately and each listed grape comprises a min 20% of the wine.
41
What are the 4 types of production areas in South Africa?
(Largest to smallest)
- Geographical Unit
- Region
- District
- Ward
42
What is the most planted white and red grape of South Africa?
- Steen ≈20% of acreage
| - Cabernet (recently surpassed Cinsault - responsible for past surplus)
43
What are the most planted red and white grapes in Stellenbosch?
Cabernet Sauvignon & Sauvignon Blanc
44
Cape Town in the Coastal Region of South Africa was formerly known as what?
Cape Peninsula/Tygerberg
45
All of South Africa's regions are located where? What are they?
Western Cape
- Coastal Region
- Cape South Coast
- Breede River Valley
- Klein Karoo
- Olifants River
- Boberg
46
What is the Boberg Region for?
Fortified wines produced in Paarl, Franschoek, Wellington and Tulbagh
47
What are the wards of Cape Town?
- Constantia
- Durbanville
- Hout Bay
- Philadelphia
48
What districts in the Coastal Region do not have any wards?
- Tulbagh
| - Franschhoek Valley
49
What does KWV stand for? When was it founded? By whom?
- Ko-opertive Wijnbovwers Vereniging van Zuid-Afrika
- 1918 - with the support of 90% of the growers
- A co-operative of growers & producers
50
When did the KWV turn into a private company?
- 1997
| - Relinquished power and scrapped quotas in 1992
51
When did Apartheid end?
1994
52
What is SAWIT? What does it stand for?
- Est. 1999
- South African Wine Industry Trust
- Speed up transformation and empower black workers
53
What are the wards of Paarl?
Agter-Paarl
Simonsberg-Paarl (Bordeaux varieties and Chardonnay)
Voor-Paardeberg (old vine Chenin Blanc)
54
Name 5 producers of Stellenbosch and important wines if necessary.
- Warwick Estate "Trilogy" Cabernet-blend
- Meerlust "Rubicon" Cabernet-blend
- Kanonkop - Champion of Pinotage
- Rust en Verde
- Neil Ellis
55
What district produces the most in South Africa?
Worcester
| -over 25% of the national volume of wine & spirits
56
What latitudes is the Western Cape located between? What is the climate?
27-34º
| Essentially Mediterranean with warm, sunny growing seasons
57
What is Hanepoot?
A synonym of Muscat of Alexandria
58
What Douro grape variety is planted in South Africa?
Tinta Barroca
59
What are the 7 wards of Stellenbosch?
- Devon Valley
- Jonkershoek Valley
- Papegaaiberg
- Simonsberg-Stellenbosch (largest, mostly red)
- Bottelary (red varieites)
- Banghoek (cab and chard)
- Polkadraai Hills (sav blanc)
60
What are the min %'s for the following label requirements:
WO?
Stated grape?
Vintage?
- WO - 100%
- Stated grape - 85%
- Vintage - 85%
61
What is Cape Riesling?
A synonym for Crouchen Blanc - unrelated to Riesling
62
How many estates occupy the historical Constantia vineyard? Name 3 of them.
5
- Groot Constantia (state owned)
- Klein Constantia
- Buitenverwachting ("Beyond Expectations")
63
Who is the largest producer of Paarl?
Nederburg (over 40 bottlings in its lineup)
64
Although the WO seal is entirely voluntary, what may not appear on the label if it forgoes certification?
Vintage, variety and area of production
65
Where is the KWV located?
Paarl
66
What is South Africa's largest co-op?
Vredendal
67
What ward are South Africa's highest elevation vineyards located in? Where is the ward located?
- Cederberg
| - An unincorporated ward, east of Olifants River Region
68
What 2 districts combined contain nearly 20% of the nationa's vine acreage?
Breedekloof & Worcestor
69
Who was the first to produce botrytised dessert wine in South Africa?
- Nederburg
| - Golden Liquid Nederburg Edelkeur
70
Who established the first vineyards of South Africa? When and where?
- Jan van Riebeeck of Dutch East India Company
- Cape Town
- 1655
71
What is the ward of Darling?
Groenekloof
72
What current flows from Antarctica to cool the Western Cape?
Benguela Current
73
Cape Peninsula is located between the Atlantic and what?
False Bay
74
What are the wards of Swartland?
- Riebeeksberg
- Riebeeksriver
- Malmesbury
- St. Helena Bay
- Paardeberg
- Paardeberg South
75
What teinturier grape is linked to the old red wines of Constantia?
Pontac
76
What is the soil of Constantiaberg?
Decomposed granite
77
What is "Cap Classique"?
South African traditional method sparkling wine, increasingly produced from PN and Chard
78
What district of the Coastal Region is increasingly producing Cap Classique?
Tulbagh District
79
What is the minimum size for a single vineyard in South Africa?
6ha
80
What is the minimum must weight for grapes destined to become Jerepigo?
160 g/l of RS
81
What is the minimum percentage for a grape required to be on the label?
20%
82
Who produces "Rubicon" in South Africa? What is it?
Meerlust
| Cabernet Sauvignon Blend from Stellenbosch
83
Who produces "Trilogy" in Stellenbosch?
Warwick Estate
84
Where did South African winemaking knowledge come from in the early 1690s?
French Huguenots who were fleeing religious persectuion
85
What does Franschhoek mean?
French Quarter
86
What are the 5 production areas of the Northern Cape?
```
Douglas District
Sutherland-Karoo District
Hartswater Ward
Central Orange River Ward
Prieska Ward
```
87
What is the climate of the Northern Cape?
Hot and arid climate along the Orange River
| -Generally only suitable for bulk wines
88
What are the major geographical features of Walker Bay?
- Atlantic Ocean
- Walker Bay
- Bot River
89
Where is Walker Bay?
Cape South Coast Region
90
What are the wards of Walker Bay?
- Bot River (Pinotage, Chenin Blanc)
- Hemel-en-Aarde Ridge
- Hemel-en-Aarde Valley
- Upper Hemel-en-Aarde Valley
- Springfontein Rim
- Standford Foothills
- Sunday's Glen
91
Pinotage is a crossing of what two grapes?
Cinsault and Pinot Noir
92
Who developed Pinotage and when?
Professor Abraham Perold in 1924
93
What district in Cape Town was repealed and what two wards were originally a part of it?
- Tygerberg District
- Durbanville Ward
- Philadelphia Ward
94
Who revived the Vin de Constance style? and when? What is the grape?
- Klein Constance
- 1980s
- Muscat de Frontignan
95
What is a major geographical feature of the Coastal Region?
False Bay
- Cool ocean breezes flow northwad from here
- promotes long growing season and cooler climate
96
What is main white grape of Cape Town District?
Sauvignon Blanc
97
Table Mountain is located in what district of the Coastal Region?
Cape Town
98
What are the three main mountain ranges surrounding Stellenbosch?
- Simonsberg
- Stellenbosch
- Helderberg
99
Some of the world's most ancient soils live where? What are those soils?
Stellenbosch
- Alluvial loam over shale on valley floors
- Decomposed granite on the hillsides
100
What is the climate of Stellenbosch?
Maritime influenced
| -Comparable but warmer than Bordeaux
101
Where does Neil Ellis make wine?
Stellenbosch
102
Where does Ken Forrester make wine?
Stellenbosch
103
Which has a warmer climate. Paarl or Stellenbosch?
Paarl (more inland)
104
What are the major grape varieties of Paarl?
White: Chenin Blanc and Chardonnay
Red: Cabernet Sauvignon, Shiraz, Pinotage
105
What makes Tulbagh conducive to a significant diurnal temperature shift?
Higher altitude
106
What are the wards of Paarl?
- Agter-Paarl
- Simonsberg-Paarl (next to Simonsberg-Stellenbosch)
- Voor-Paardeberg (old vine Chenin)
107
Where is Worcester District located?
Breede River Valley
108
Where is Robertson District located?
Breede River Valley
109
Where is Breedekloof District located?
Breede River Valley
110
What type of wine production is Robertson District known for?
MCC and red wine
111
What is the main style of wine in Klein Karoo Region?
Fortified and sweet wine from Muscat and Tinta Barroca
112
What are the main grapes of Olifants River Region? What style of wine is mainly produced here?
- Colombard and Chenin Blanc
| - Bulk wine
113
Where is Plettenberg Bay?
A district of the Cape South Coast Region that is located over 250 miles to the east along the southern coast of Africa.
114
Where is Swellendem located?
A district of the Cape South Coast Region that is located to the East of the Overberg District.
115
What are the wards of the Overberg District?
- Klein River
- Theewater
- Elandskloof
- Greyton
116
When did Elgin receive District Status? It was previously a ward of what district?
2012
| -Overberg
117
Riesling in Overberg is referred to as what?
Weisser Riesling
118
What are the main grapes of Overberg?
White: Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay, Chenin Blanc, Semillon
Red: Pinot Noir, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot
119
What are the main grapes of Elgin?
White: Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay, Weisser Riesling
Red: Pinot Noir, Merlot
120
What is the climate of Elgin and Overberg?
Cooler maritime
121
What are the grapes of the Lower Duivenhoks River District?
White: Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc
Red: Pinot Noir, Syrah
122
What is a major Geographical Feature of the Lower Duivenhoks River District?
Klein River Mountains
123
Where is the Noukrans River located?
Lower Duivenhoks River District
124
What are the main grapes of Walker Bay?
White: Chardonnay
Red: Pinot Noir, Pinotage
125
Where is Hamilton Russell Winery located?
Walker Bay
126
Where is Bot River located?
Walker Bay
127
What district sits on the southernmost point of the African continent?
Cape Agulhas
128
Where is Elim located?
Ward of Cape Agulhas
129
What is the climate of Cape Agulhas?
Cool climate
130
What are the main grapes of Cape Agulhas?
White: Sauvignon Blanc, Semillon
Red: Shiraz
131
What river flows through Swellendem? Where is Swellendem located?
Breed River
| -Cape South Coast
132
Name two major rivers of the Coastal Region.
- Berg River
| - Olifants River
133
What is the mountain range located in Swaartland?
Paardeberg Mountains
134
What is koffieclip?
Ferricrete
| -Soil of Cape Agulhas and Plettenberg Bay
135
Main soil of Cape South Coast
Shale and sandstone
136
What is the soil of Walker Bay?
Shale, granite, sandstone
137
What is the main soil of the Coastal Region?
Shale, granite, sandstone
