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South Africa Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 6 GIs (Geographical Areas) of South Africa?

A 
Western Cape
Northern Cape
Eastern Cape 
Kwazulu-Natal
Limpopo 
Free Estate
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2
Q

What is the Ward of the Eastern Cape?

without a district

A

St. Francis Bay

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3
Q

What is the Ward of Free State?

without a district

A

Rietrivier FS

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4
Q

What are the districts of KwaZulu-Natal?

without a region

A

Central Drakensberg

Lions River

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5
Q

What are the Regions of Limpopo?

A

There are none.

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6
Q

What are the Regions of the Northern Cape?

A

There are none.

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7
Q

What are the districts of the Northern Cape?

without a region

A

Douglas

Sutherland-Karoo

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8
Q

What are the regions of the Eastern Cape?

A

There are none.

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9
Q

What are the three independent Wards of the Northern Cape?

without a district

A

Central Orange River
Hartswater
Prieska

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10
Q

What are the regions of the Western Cape from North to South?

A 
Olifants River
Coastal Region
Breede River Valley
Klein Karoo
Cape South Coast
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11
Q

What are the districts of the Breede River Valley?

A

Breedkeloof
Worcester
Robertson

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12
Q

What are the 7 districts of the Cape South Coast Region?

A
  • Elgin
  • Overberg
  • Walker Bay
  • Cape Agulhas
  • Swellendam
  • Plettenberg Bay
  • Lower Duivenhoks River
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13
Q

What are the 9 districts of the Coastal Region?

A
  • Swartland
  • Tulbagh
  • Darling
  • Wellington
  • Paarl
  • Franschhoek Valley
  • Cape Town
  • Lutzville Valley
  • Stellenbosch
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14
Q

What are the districts of the Klein Karoo Region?

A
  • Calitzdorp

- Langeberg-Garcia

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15
Q

What are the districts of the Olifants River Region?

A
  • Citrusdal Moutain

- Citrusdal Valley

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16
Q

Who founded the Constantia Estate? When?

A

Governor Simon van der Stel - 1685

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17
Q

What is Rust en Verde?

A

An important producer in Stellenbosch.

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18
Q

What region is the epicenter for viticulture and oenological research for South Africa?

A

Stellenbosch (Coastal Region)

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19
Q

What is Kanonkop?

A

A champion of Pinotage in Stellenbosch.

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20
Q

What is the Cape Doctor?

A
  • A notoriously strong, southeasterly wind, that blows across the Western Cape throughout the spring and summer
  • Inhibiting fungal disease and moderating temps
  • But ferociously batters vines
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21
Q

Half of South Africa’s Semillon is located where? What other sizeable plantings are here?

A
  • Worcester
  • In Breede River Valley Region
  • -Colombard, Steen, Ruby Cabernet
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22
Q

Who was responsible for renovating Groot Constantia in 1778 and bringing acclaim back to the wines?

A

Hendrik Cloete

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23
Q

What is the IPW?

A
  • Est. 1998 - Integrated Production of Wine Scheme
  • Voluntary means for WO producers wishing to comply with sustainable environmental standards
  • Jurisdiction of SA Wine & Spirit Board
  • 2010 vintage forward, IPW evaluation (60% of better) and qualify for WO certification, will be marked with a join seal = “Sustainable Wine of Origin”
  • By 2011, 85% of South Africa’s WO wine carried this new seal
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24
Q

What district shifted to the new Cape South Coast region in late 2010?
Where did it shift from?

A
  • Swellendam

- Breede River Valley

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25
Q

When did the golden era of Constantia end? Why?

A
  • 1885 - when the state purchased Groot Constantia
  • Phylloxera struck
  • Colonial war broke out
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26
Q

What are the requirements for estate wines?

A
  • Must be produced from contiguous parcels of vineyard land

- Must be vinified and bottled on a single property

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27
Q

When did Powdery Mildew and Phylloxera strike South Africa?

A

-Latter half of 19th Century

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28
Q

When was the WO system introduced?

A

1973 (Australia wasn’t established until 1981)

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29
Q

What annual wine auction is for rare Cape wines? Where does it take place? When was its first year?

A
  • Nederburg Wine Auction
  • Paarl
  • 1975
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30
Q

What ward of Paarl was promoted to a district in 2010? Which followed suit in 2012?

A
  • Franschhoek Valley

- Wellington

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31
Q

When were the terms Cape Port and Cape Sherry phased out? What is Cape Port referred to as now?

A
  • 2012

- Cape Port is named according to its style: Cape Tawny and Cape Ruby

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32
Q

A South African synonym for Semillon.

A

What is Groendruif?

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33
Q

What is Jerepigo?

A

A VDL from South Africa, made from Muscat a Petits Grains with a min RS of 160g/l

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34
Q

What are the requirements for a single vineyard to be listed on a South African wine label?

A
  • Must be 100% sourced from the listed vineyard

- The vineyard must be appropriately registered and less than 6 ha

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35
Q

What 2 grapes are most promising in Klein Karoo? What is the focus of production?

A
  • Muscat & Tinta Barroca

- Fortified & Sweet wines (Jerepigo)

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36
Q

What is the Boberg Region named for?

A

The nearby Berg River

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37
Q

What Constantia estate revived the virtually extinct style with new Muscat de Frontignan planted in the 1980s? What is the common style for the region now?

A
  • Klein (“little”) Constantia
  • Despite the historical fame of Vin de Constance, several new proprietors are focusing on international varieties and dry wines
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38
Q

When was the Cape South Coast Region created?

A

2010

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39
Q

What is the Cape’s southernmost district?

A

Cape Agulhas - coolest climate in the country

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40
Q

Are multiple grapes allowed to be listed on a blended wine from South Africa?

A

Yes, if vinification occurred separately and each listed grape comprises a min 20% of the wine.

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41
Q

What are the 4 types of production areas in South Africa?

A

(Largest to smallest)

  • Geographical Unit
  • Region
  • District
  • Ward
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42
Q

What is the most planted white and red grape of South Africa?

A
  • Steen ≈20% of acreage

- Cabernet (recently surpassed Cinsault - responsible for past surplus)

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43
Q

What are the most planted red and white grapes in Stellenbosch?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon & Sauvignon Blanc

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44
Q

Cape Town in the Coastal Region of South Africa was formerly known as what?

A

Cape Peninsula/Tygerberg

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45
Q

All of South Africa’s regions are located where? What are they?

A

Western Cape

  • Coastal Region
  • Cape South Coast
  • Breede River Valley
  • Klein Karoo
  • Olifants River
  • Boberg
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46
Q

What is the Boberg Region for?

A

Fortified wines produced in Paarl, Franschoek, Wellington and Tulbagh

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47
Q

What are the wards of Cape Town?

A
  • Constantia
  • Durbanville
  • Hout Bay
  • Philadelphia
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48
Q

What districts in the Coastal Region do not have any wards?

A
  • Tulbagh

- Franschhoek Valley

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49
Q

What does KWV stand for? When was it founded? By whom?

A
  • Ko-opertive Wijnbovwers Vereniging van Zuid-Afrika
  • 1918 - with the support of 90% of the growers
  • A co-operative of growers & producers
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50
Q

When did the KWV turn into a private company?

A
  • 1997

- Relinquished power and scrapped quotas in 1992

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51
Q

When did Apartheid end?

A

1994

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52
Q

What is SAWIT? What does it stand for?

A
  • Est. 1999
  • South African Wine Industry Trust
  • Speed up transformation and empower black workers
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53
Q

What are the wards of Paarl?

A

Agter-Paarl
Simonsberg-Paarl (Bordeaux varieties and Chardonnay)
Voor-Paardeberg (old vine Chenin Blanc)

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54
Q

Name 5 producers of Stellenbosch and important wines if necessary.

A
  • Warwick Estate “Trilogy” Cabernet-blend
  • Meerlust “Rubicon” Cabernet-blend
  • Kanonkop - Champion of Pinotage
  • Rust en Verde
  • Neil Ellis
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55
Q

What district produces the most in South Africa?

A

Worcester

-over 25% of the national volume of wine & spirits

56
Q

What latitudes is the Western Cape located between? What is the climate?

A

27-34º

Essentially Mediterranean with warm, sunny growing seasons

57
Q

What is Hanepoot?

A

A synonym of Muscat of Alexandria

58
Q

What Douro grape variety is planted in South Africa?

A

Tinta Barroca

59
Q

What are the 7 wards of Stellenbosch?

A
  • Devon Valley
  • Jonkershoek Valley
  • Papegaaiberg
  • Simonsberg-Stellenbosch (largest, mostly red)
  • Bottelary (red varieites)
  • Banghoek (cab and chard)
  • Polkadraai Hills (sav blanc)
60
Q

What are the min %’s for the following label requirements:
WO?
Stated grape?
Vintage?

A
  • WO - 100%
  • Stated grape - 85%
  • Vintage - 85%
61
Q

What is Cape Riesling?

A

A synonym for Crouchen Blanc - unrelated to Riesling

62
Q

How many estates occupy the historical Constantia vineyard? Name 3 of them.

A

5

  • Groot Constantia (state owned)
  • Klein Constantia
  • Buitenverwachting (“Beyond Expectations”)
63
Q

Who is the largest producer of Paarl?

A

Nederburg (over 40 bottlings in its lineup)

64
Q

Although the WO seal is entirely voluntary, what may not appear on the label if it forgoes certification?

A

Vintage, variety and area of production

65
Q

Where is the KWV located?

66
Q

What is South Africa’s largest co-op?

67
Q

What ward are South Africa’s highest elevation vineyards located in? Where is the ward located?

A
  • Cederberg

- An unincorporated ward, east of Olifants River Region

68
Q

What 2 districts combined contain nearly 20% of the nationa’s vine acreage?

A

Breedekloof & Worcestor

69
Q

Who was the first to produce botrytised dessert wine in South Africa?

A
  • Nederburg

- Golden Liquid Nederburg Edelkeur

70
Q

Who established the first vineyards of South Africa? When and where?

A
  • Jan van Riebeeck of Dutch East India Company
  • Cape Town
  • 1655
71
Q

What is the ward of Darling?

A

Groenekloof

72
Q

What current flows from Antarctica to cool the Western Cape?

A

Benguela Current

73
Q

Cape Peninsula is located between the Atlantic and what?

74
Q

What are the wards of Swartland?

A
  • Riebeeksberg
  • Riebeeksriver
  • Malmesbury
  • St. Helena Bay
  • Paardeberg
  • Paardeberg South
75
Q

What teinturier grape is linked to the old red wines of Constantia?

76
Q

What is the soil of Constantiaberg?

A

Decomposed granite

77
Q

What is “Cap Classique”?

A

South African traditional method sparkling wine, increasingly produced from PN and Chard

78
Q

What district of the Coastal Region is increasingly producing Cap Classique?

A

Tulbagh District

79
Q

What is the minimum size for a single vineyard in South Africa?

80
Q

What is the minimum must weight for grapes destined to become Jerepigo?

A

160 g/l of RS

81
Q

What is the minimum percentage for a grape required to be on the label?

82
Q

Who produces “Rubicon” in South Africa? What is it?

A

Meerlust

Cabernet Sauvignon Blend from Stellenbosch

83
Q

Who produces “Trilogy” in Stellenbosch?

A

Warwick Estate

84
Q

Where did South African winemaking knowledge come from in the early 1690s?

A

French Huguenots who were fleeing religious persectuion

85
Q

What does Franschhoek mean?

A

French Quarter

86
Q

What are the 5 production areas of the Northern Cape?

A 
Douglas District
Sutherland-Karoo District
Hartswater Ward
Central Orange River Ward
Prieska Ward
87
Q

What is the climate of the Northern Cape?

A

Hot and arid climate along the Orange River

-Generally only suitable for bulk wines

88
Q

What are the major geographical features of Walker Bay?

A
  • Atlantic Ocean
  • Walker Bay
  • Bot River
89
Q

Where is Walker Bay?

A

Cape South Coast Region

90
Q

What are the wards of Walker Bay?

A
  • Bot River (Pinotage, Chenin Blanc)
  • Hemel-en-Aarde Ridge
  • Hemel-en-Aarde Valley
  • Upper Hemel-en-Aarde Valley
  • Springfontein Rim
  • Standford Foothills
  • Sunday’s Glen
91
Q

Pinotage is a crossing of what two grapes?

A

Cinsault and Pinot Noir

92
Q

Who developed Pinotage and when?

A

Professor Abraham Perold in 1924

93
Q

What district in Cape Town was repealed and what two wards were originally a part of it?

A
  • Tygerberg District
  • Durbanville Ward
  • Philadelphia Ward
94
Q

Who revived the Vin de Constance style? and when? What is the grape?

A
  • Klein Constance
  • 1980s
  • Muscat de Frontignan
95
Q

What is a major geographical feature of the Coastal Region?

A

False Bay

  • Cool ocean breezes flow northwad from here
  • promotes long growing season and cooler climate
96
Q

What is main white grape of Cape Town District?

A

Sauvignon Blanc

97
Q

Table Mountain is located in what district of the Coastal Region?

98
Q

What are the three main mountain ranges surrounding Stellenbosch?

A
  • Simonsberg
  • Stellenbosch
  • Helderberg
99
Q

Some of the world’s most ancient soils live where? What are those soils?

A

Stellenbosch

  • Alluvial loam over shale on valley floors
  • Decomposed granite on the hillsides
100
Q

What is the climate of Stellenbosch?

A

Maritime influenced

-Comparable but warmer than Bordeaux

101
Q

Where does Neil Ellis make wine?

A

Stellenbosch

102
Q

Where does Ken Forrester make wine?

A

Stellenbosch

103
Q

Which has a warmer climate. Paarl or Stellenbosch?

A

Paarl (more inland)

104
Q

What are the major grape varieties of Paarl?

A

White: Chenin Blanc and Chardonnay
Red: Cabernet Sauvignon, Shiraz, Pinotage

105
Q

What makes Tulbagh conducive to a significant diurnal temperature shift?

A

Higher altitude

106
Q

What are the wards of Paarl?

A
  • Agter-Paarl
  • Simonsberg-Paarl (next to Simonsberg-Stellenbosch)
  • Voor-Paardeberg (old vine Chenin)
107
Q

Where is Worcester District located?

A

Breede River Valley

108
Q

Where is Robertson District located?

A

Breede River Valley

109
Q

Where is Breedekloof District located?

A

Breede River Valley

110
Q

What type of wine production is Robertson District known for?

A

MCC and red wine

111
Q

What is the main style of wine in Klein Karoo Region?

A

Fortified and sweet wine from Muscat and Tinta Barroca

112
Q

What are the main grapes of Olifants River Region? What style of wine is mainly produced here?

A
  • Colombard and Chenin Blanc

- Bulk wine

113
Q

Where is Plettenberg Bay?

A

A district of the Cape South Coast Region that is located over 250 miles to the east along the southern coast of Africa.

114
Q

Where is Swellendem located?

A

A district of the Cape South Coast Region that is located to the East of the Overberg District.

115
Q

What are the wards of the Overberg District?

A
  • Klein River
  • Theewater
  • Elandskloof
  • Greyton
116
Q

When did Elgin receive District Status? It was previously a ward of what district?

A

2012

-Overberg

117
Q

Riesling in Overberg is referred to as what?

A

Weisser Riesling

118
Q

What are the main grapes of Overberg?

A

White: Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay, Chenin Blanc, Semillon
Red: Pinot Noir, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot

119
Q

What are the main grapes of Elgin?

A

White: Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay, Weisser Riesling
Red: Pinot Noir, Merlot

120
Q

What is the climate of Elgin and Overberg?

A

Cooler maritime

121
Q

What are the grapes of the Lower Duivenhoks River District?

A

White: Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc
Red: Pinot Noir, Syrah

122
Q

What is a major Geographical Feature of the Lower Duivenhoks River District?

A

Klein River Mountains

123
Q

Where is the Noukrans River located?

A

Lower Duivenhoks River District

124
Q

What are the main grapes of Walker Bay?

A

White: Chardonnay
Red: Pinot Noir, Pinotage

125
Q

Where is Hamilton Russell Winery located?

A

Walker Bay

126
Q

Where is Bot River located?

A

Walker Bay

127
Q

What district sits on the southernmost point of the African continent?

A

Cape Agulhas

128
Q

Where is Elim located?

A

Ward of Cape Agulhas

129
Q

What is the climate of Cape Agulhas?

A

Cool climate

130
Q

What are the main grapes of Cape Agulhas?

A

White: Sauvignon Blanc, Semillon
Red: Shiraz

131
Q

What river flows through Swellendem? Where is Swellendem located?

A

Breed River

-Cape South Coast

132
Q

Name two major rivers of the Coastal Region.

A
  • Berg River

- Olifants River

133
Q

What is the mountain range located in Swaartland?

A

Paardeberg Mountains

134
Q

What is koffieclip?

A

Ferricrete

-Soil of Cape Agulhas and Plettenberg Bay

135
Q

Main soil of Cape South Coast

A

Shale and sandstone

136
Q

What is the soil of Walker Bay?

A

Shale, granite, sandstone

137
Q

What is the main soil of the Coastal Region?

A

Shale, granite, sandstone

South Africa (5 decks)

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