South Africa Flashcards
What was the first wine of South Africa to receive European admiration?
Vin de Counstance
Who originally owned the Constantia estate?
Governor Simon van der Stel
What happened to South Africa in the latter half of the 19th century?
Powdery Mildew and Phylloxera struck
What does KWV stand for?
Ko-operatieve Wijnbouwers Vereniging van Zuid-Afrika; Co-operative wine Grower’s association
What was the apartheid? When did it began and end?
A segregationist system instituted by South Africa in late 1940s and ended in 1994
When did the KWV become a private company?
1997
What does SAWIT stand for? When was it established?
South African Wine Industry Trust; 1999
What is SAWIS? When was it established?
South African Wine Information & Systems; 2002
What is South Africa’s wine appellation system called?
Wine of Origin
When was the WO system introduced? What does it do?
Introduced in 1973 it compels producers seeking certification to submit a sample of the wine for evaluation by a tasting panel, which confirms the wine shows the correct organoleptic qualities for its cultivar and age. They wine also undergoes scientific analysis
As of 2006, if a wine lists a single varietal, what is the minimum percentage of that varietal for South African wines?
85%
What are the laws for labeling blends in South Africa?
Blends may list several grapes on the label if vinification occurred separately and each listed grape compromises a minimum 20% of the wine
As of 2006, if a wine from South Africa lists a vintage on the label, what is the required minimum?
85%
If a wine from South Africa lists an area of production, what percentage of grapes must derive from the stated area?
100%
What are the four types of production areas in South Africa in descending order of size?
Geographical unit, region, district, ward
What are the laws for labeling a wine “Single Vineyard Wine” in South Africa?
It may be used for wines sourced solely from the vineyard, provided it is appropriately registered and of less than 6 Ha
What are the laws for labeling a wine “Estate Bottled” in South Africa?
Must be produced from contiguous parcels of vineyard land and vinified and bottled on a single property
If a wine from South Africa forgoes certification, what can they not put on the label?
Vintage, varietal or area of production (including single vineyard and estate bottled)
What are the five large geographical areas of South Africa?
Western Cape, Northern Cape, Eastern Cape, Kwazulu-Natal and Limpopo
What are the districts and wards of Northern Cape in South Africa?
Districts: Douglas, Sutherland-Karoo and Central Orange River (formerly Lower Orange).
Wards: Hartswater, Prieska (both no districts)
Groblershoop, Grootdrink, Kakamas, Keimoes, Upington( wards of Central Orange River)
Where is Northern Cape?
South Africa
Where is Douglas?
It is a district in the North Cape, South Africa
Where is Sutherland-Karoo?
It is a district in the North Cape, South Africa
Where is Hartswater?
It is a ward in the North Cape, South Africa
Where is Central Orange River?
It is a district in the North Cape, South Africa
Where is Rietrivier FS?
It is a district in Free State(GU), South Africa
What is the single ward within Eastern Cape, South Africa?
St. Francis Bay
Where is Eastern Cape?
South Africa
Where is St. Francis Bay?
It is a ward in the Eastern Cape, South Africa
Where is Kwazulu-Natal?
South Africa, it’s a GU
Where is Limpopo?
South Africa, it’s a GU
What are the 5 regions of the Western Cape, South Africa?
- Coastal Region
- Cape South Coast
- Breede River Valley
- Klein Karoo
- Olifants River
Boberg River Region: formerly fortified wines from the districts of Paarl, Franschhoek, Wellington and Tulbagh; repealed in 2019
What is the climate of the Western Cape?
Mediterranean, with warm sunny growing seasons.
What current cools the coastal regions of the Western Cape in South Africa?
Benguela Current- runs north from Antarctica to cool the coastal areas
What region has the coolest climate in South Africa? Which has the hottest?
coolest—Cape Agulhas(district) (Western Cape GU, cape south coast region);
hottest—Central Orange River(district) (Northern Cape GU)
What winds blow through the Western Cape of South Africa?
The Cape Doctor- A notoriously strong southeasterly wind that blows across the cape throughout spring and summer, inhibiting fungal disease and moderating temperatures but also battering the vines
cooling Constantia(ward), Cape town district, Costal Region, Western Cape GU
What is Chenin Blanc known as in South Africa?
Steen
What are the most important white varieties in South Africa?
Steen, Chardonnay, Sauv Blanc, Colombard, Cape Riesling, Hanepoot and Gewurz
What is Cape Riesling?
A synonym for Crouchen Blanc
What is Hanepoot?
Muscat of Alexandria
What is Pinotage a crossing of?
Cinsault X Pinot Noir
Who created Pinotage?
Professor Abraham Perold in 1925
What are the most important red varieties of South Africa?
Pinotage, Cinsault, Cab Sauv, Merlot, Cab Franc, Shiraz, Pinot Noir and Tinta Barroca
What teinturier grape is linked to the old red wines of Constantia?
Pontac
flesh and juice are in red, like Alicante Bouschet, Chambourcin, Colorino, Tannat
What is sparkling wine called in South Africa?
Cap Classique
What are the 9 districts in the Coastal Region of the Western Cape?
- Stellenbosch
- Cape Town
- Tygerberg
- Paarl
- Tulbagh
- Darling
- Franschhoek Valley
- Wellington
- Swartland
What district was repealed in early 2014 with the creating of the Cape Peninsula district?
Cape Town
Name 5 estates that now occupy the Constantia vineyard.
Groot Constantia, Klein Constantia, Constantia Uitsig, Steenberg, and Buitenverwachting
What is South Africa’s most prominent winemaking region?
Stellenbosch
What are the soils of Stellenbosch?
Some of the world’s most ancient soils, ranging from alluvial loam over shale on the valley floors to decomposed granite and sandstone on the hillsides
What are the most planted grapes of Stellenbosch?
Cab Sauv, Sauv Blanc, Merlot, Shiraz and Chenin Blanc
What is the climate of Stellenbosch?
Maritime-influenced
Who are the highly regarded producers of Stellenbosch?
Warwick Estate, Meerlust, Kanonkop, Rust en Vrede, and Neil Ellis
Who produces ‘Trilogy’? From what grape and where?
Warwick Estate- Cabernet Sauv- Stellenbosch
Who produces ‘Rubicon’? From what grape and where?
Meerlust- Cab Sauv- Stellenbosch
What in Kanonkop known for?
Pinotage
Who is the largest producer in Paarl?
Nederburg- over 40 bottlings in their range and the first to produce Botrytised dessert wines in South Africa
Where does the Nederburg Wine Auction take place?
Paarl (since 1975)
What are the most important grapes of Paarl?
Cab Sauv, Shiraz, Pinotage, Chenin Blanc and Chard
What two former wards of Paarl have since received district status?
Franschhoek Valley (2010) and Wellington (2012)
What is commonly produced in Tulbagh? Why?
Because of the higher altitudes creating a significant diurnal temperature shift, Cap Classique wines are increasing
Where is Cape Town?
It is a district in the Coastal Region in Western Cape, South Africa
Where is Paarl?
It is a district in the Coastal Region in Western Cape, South Africa
Where is Franschhoek/ Franschhoek Valley?
It is a district in the Coastal Region in Western Cape, South Africa
Where is Wellington?
It is a district in the Coastal Region in Western Cape, South Africa
Where is Stellenbosch?
It is a district in the Coastal Region in Western Cape, South Africa
Where is Darling?
It is a district in the Coastal Region in Western Cape, South Africa
Where is Swartland?
It is a district in the Coastal Region in Western Cape, South Africa
Where is Tulbagh?
It is a district in the Coastal Region in Western Cape, South Africa
What are the wards within the Cape Town district?
Constantia, Hout Bay, Durbanville, Philadelphia
Where is Constantia?
It is a ward within the Cape Town district in the Coastal Region in Western Cape, South Africa
Where is Hout Bay?
It is a ward within the Cape Peninsula district in the Coastal Region in Western Cape, South Africa
Where is Durbanville?
It is a ward within the Cape Town district in the Coastal Region in Western Cape, South Africa
Where is Philidelphia?
It is a ward within the Cape Town district in the Coastal Region in Western Cape, South Africa
What are the wards within the Paarl district?
Agter-Paarl
Simonsberg-Paarl(Adjacent to Simonsberg-Stellenbosch
Bordeaux varieties and Chardonnay)
Voor Paardeberg(More closely resembles the Swartland
Old vine Chenin Blanc)
Where is Simonsberg-Paarl?
It is a ward within the Paarl district in the Coastal Region in Western Cape, South Africa
Where is Voor Paardeberg?
It is a ward within the Paarl district in the Coastal Region in Western Cape, South Africa
What are the wards within the Stellenbosch district?
- Jonkershoek Valley
- Papegaaiberg
- Simonsberg-Stellenbosch
- Bottelary
- Devon Valley
- Banghoek
- Polkadraai Hills
- Vlottenburg
Where is Jonkershoek Valley?
It is a ward within the Stellenbosch district in the Coastal Region in Western Cape, South Africa
Cooler region with fertile soils
Where is Papegaaiberg?
It is a ward within the Stellenbosch district in the Coastal Region in Western Cape, South Africa
Where is Simonsberg-Stellenbosch?
It is a ward within the Stellenbosch district in the Coastal Region in Western Cape, South Africa
Largest ward
Warmer microclimate with clay soils
Primarily red varieties
Where is Bottelary?
It is a ward within the Stellenbosch district in the Coastal Region in Western Cape, South Africa
Cooling coastal influence
Primarily red varieties
Where is Devon Valley?
It is a ward within the Stellenbosch district in the Coastal Region in Western Cape, South Africa
Cooler region with fertile soils
Where is Banghoek?
It is a ward within the Stellenbosch district in the Coastal Region in Western Cape, South Africa
Higher elevation, cooler microclimate
Primarily Cabernet Sauvignon and Chardonnay
Where is Polkadraai Hills?
It is a ward within the Stellenbosch district in the Coastal Region in Western Cape, South Africa
Cooler region
Sauvignon Blanc dominates
What is the ward within the Darling district?
Groenekloof
Where is Groenekloof?
It is a ward within the Darling district in the Coastal Region in Western Cape, South Africa
What are the wards of the Swartland district?
- Riebeeksberg(Iron-rich slate and shale soils result in earthy, powerful wines)
- Riebeeksrivier
- Malmesbury
- St. Helena Bay(Cooler region with chalky soils)
- Paardeberg (Commercial and winegrowing center of Swartland
Granite soils result in sculptural wines) - Piket-Bo-Berg
Where is Riebeeksberg?
It is a ward within the Swartland district in the Coastal Region in Western Cape, South Africa
Where is Malmesbury?
It is a ward within the Swartland district in the Coastal Region in Western Cape, South Africa
Where is St. Helena Bay?
It is a ward within the Swartland district in the Coastal Region in Western Cape, South Africa
What was the fourth district of the Breede River Valley that is now apart of the new Cape South Coast region as of 2010?
Swellendam
What s the largest district in South Africa in terms of production?
Worcester
Where is the majority of South Africa’s Semillon planted?
Worcester
What is the Robertson district known for?
Shiraz
What are the districts of the Breede River Valley region?
- Robertson
- Worcester
- Breedekeloof
Where is Robertson?
It is a district in the Breede River Valley region of South Africa
What are the wards of Robertson?
- Agtekliphoogte
- Bonnievale
- Boesmansrivier
- Eilandia
- Hoopsrivier
- Klassvoogds
- Le Chasseur
- McGregor
- Vinkrivier
Where is Agterkliphoote?
It is a ward in the Robertson district in the Breede River Valley region of South Africa
Where is Bonnievale?
It is a ward in the Robertson district in the Breede River Valley region of South Africa
Where is Boesmansrivier?
It is a ward in the Robertson district in the Breede River Valley region of South Africa
Where is Eilandia?
It is a ward in the Robertson district in the Breede River Valley region of South Africa
Where is Hoopsrivier?
It is a ward in the Robertson district in the Breede River Valley region of South Africa
Where is Klassvoogds?
It is a ward in the Robertson district in the Breede River Valley region of South Africa
Where is La Chasseur?
It is a ward in the Robertson district in the Breede River Valley region of South Africa
Where is McGregor?
It is a ward in the Robertson district in the Breede River Valley region of South Africa
Where is Vinkrivier?
It is a ward in the Robertson district in the Breede River Valley region of South Africa
Where is Worcester?
It is a district in the Breede River Valley region of South Africa
What are the wards of Worcester?
Nuy, Scherpenheuvel and Hex River Valley
Where is Scherpenheuvel?
It is a ward in the Worcester district in the Breede River Valley region of South Africa
Where is Hex River Valley?
It is a ward in the Worcester district in the Breede River Valley region of South Africa
Where is Nuy?
It is a ward in the Worcester district in the Breede River Valley region of South Africa
Where is Breedekloof?
It is a district in the Breede RIver Valley region of South Africa
What are the wards of Breedekloof?
Goudini, and Slanghoek
Where is Goudini?
It is a ward in the Breedekloof district in the Breede River Valley region of South Africa
Where is Slanghoek?
It is a ward in the Breedekloof district in the Breede River Valley region of South Africa
What is the dominant production focus for Klein Karoo?
Fortified and sweet wines
What are the most planted grapes in Klein Karoo?
Muscat and Tinta Barroca
What are the two districts of Klein Karoo?
Calitzdorp and Langeberg-Garcia
Where is Calitzdorp?
It is a district in the Klein Karoo region of South Africa
Red grapes: Tinta Barroca and Touriga Nacional
Fortified wines including Cape Vintage, Cape Ruby, and Cape Tawny
Where is Langeberg-Garcia?
It is a district in the Klein Karoo region of South Africa
What are the wards (with out a district) of Klein Karoo?
- Montagu
- Cango Valley
- Koo Plateau
- Tradouw
- Tradouw Highlands
- Upper Langkloof
- Outeniqua
Where is Montagu?
It is a ward in the Klein Karoo region of South Africa . it does not belong to a district.
Where is Tradouw?
It is a ward in the Klein Karoo region of South Africa . it does not belong to a district.
Where is Tradouw Highlands?
It is a ward in the Klein Karoo region of South Africa . it does not belong to a district.
Where is Upper Langkloof?
It is a ward in the Klein Karoo region of South Africa . it does not belong to a district.
Where is Outeniqua?
It is a ward in the Klein Karoo region of South Africa . it does not belong to a district.
What are the most planted grapes of Olifants River Region?
Colombard and Chenin Blanc
Where are South Africa’s highest vineyard elevations located?
Cederberg (an unincorporated ward located to the east of the Olifants River Region)
named after the Cederberg Mountain
What are the two districts of the Olifants River Region?
Citrusdal Mountain, Citrusdal Valley
Where is Lutzville Valley?
It is a district in the Costal Region in South Africa
What is the ward of Lutzville Valley?
Koekenaap
Where is Citrusdal Mountain?
It is a district in the Olifants River Region in South Africa
What is the ward of Citrusdal Mountain?
Piekenierskloof
High elevation (600m)
Promising for wine quality
White: Old vine Chenin Blanc and Semillon
Red: Grenache
Where is Citrusdal Valley?
It is a district in the Olifants River Region in South Africa
What are the two wards of Olifants River Region not incorporated into a district?
Spruitdrift, Vredendal
Where is Spruitdrift?
It is a ward in the Olifants River Region in South Africa. It does not belong to a district.
Where is Vredendal?
It is a ward in the Olifants River Region in South Africa. It does not belong to a district.
When was the Cape South Coast Region created?
2010
Which of the districts of the Cape South Coast Region lie along the southwestern Atlantic Coast of South Africa?
Overberg, Walker Bay and Cape Agulhas
Which of the districts of the Cape South Coast Region lies on the southern coast of Africa?
Plettenberg Bay
Which of the districts of the Cape South Coast Region lies closest to the Breede River Valley?
Swellendam
What former ward of the Overberg district has since received district status of its own? When?
Elgin in 2012
What is the climate for both Overberg and Elgin districts?
Cool maritime
What are the popular grapes of Overberg and Elgin districts?
Sauv Blanc, Pinot Noir and Riesling
What is Walker Bay becoming known for?
Pinot Noir and Chardonnay
Who is a leading producer in Walker Bay?
Hamilton Russell
What is the southernmost district of South Africa?
Cape Agulhas
What is the climate of Elim?
Cool
What grapes are becoming prominent in Elim?
Sauv Blanc, Semillon and Shiraz
What are the districts of Cape South Coast Region?
- Overberg
- Elgin
- Walker bay
- Cape Agulhas
- Plettenberg Bay
- Swellendam
- Lower Duivenhoks River
Where is Overberg?
It is a district in the Cape South Coast Region of South Africa
What are the wards of Overberg?
- Klein River
- Theewater
- Greyton
- Elandskloof
Where is Klein River?
It is a ward in the Overberg district of the Cape South Coast region of South Africa
Where is Theewater?
It is a ward in the Overberg district of the Cape South Coast region of South Africa
Where is Greyton?
It is a ward in the Overberg district of the Cape South Coast region of South Africa
Where is Elandskloof?
It is a ward in the Overberg district of the Cape South Coast region of South Africa
Where is Elgin?
It is a district in the Cape South Coast Region of South Africa
Where is Walker Bay?
It is a district in the Cape South Coast Region of South Africa
What are the wards of Walker bay?
- Bot River (Chenin Blanc, Pinotage, Shiraz)
- Hemel-en-Aarde Valley (Low elevation and shale-based clay soils
Pinot Noir and Chardonnay) - Hemel-en-Aarde Ridge (400m elevation and shale-based clay soils
Pinot Noir and Chardonnay) - Upper Hemel-en-Aarde Valley(Decomposed granite soils
Pinot Noir and Chardonnay) - Sunday’s Glen
- Stanford Foothills
- Springfontein Rim
Where is Hemel-en-Aarde Valley?
It is a ward in the Walker Bay district of the Cape South Coast region of South Africa
Low elevation and shale-based clay soils
Pinot Noir and Chardonnay
Where is Upper Hemel-en-Aarde Valley?
It is a ward in the Walker Bay district of the Cape South Coast region of South Africa
Decomposed granite soils
Pinot Noir and Chardonnay
Where is Sunday’s Green?
It is a ward in the Walker Bay district of the Cape South Coast region of South Africa
Where is Bot River?
It is a ward in the Walker Bay district of the Cape South Coast region of South Africa
Chenin Blanc, Pinotage, Shiraz
Where is Hemel-en-Aarde Ridge?
It is a ward in the Walker Bay district of the Cape South Coast region of South Africa
400m elevation and shale-based clay soils
Pinot Noir and Chardonnay
Where is Stanford Foothills?
It is a ward in the Walker Bay district of the Cape South Coast region of South Africa
Where is Cape Agulhas?
It is a district in the Cape South Coast Region in South Africa
southern most in SA
What is the ward of Cape Agulhas?
Elim
Where is Elim?
It is a ward in the Cape Agulhas district of the Cape South Coast region of South Africa
Where is Plettenberg Bay?
It is a district in the Cape South Coast Region in South Africa
Where is Swellendam?
It is a district in the Cape South Coast Region in South Africa
What are the wards of Swellendam?
Buffeljags, Stromsvlei and Malgas
Where is Buffeljags?
It is a ward in the Swellendam district of the Cape South Coast region of South Africa
Where is Stromsvlei?
It is a ward in the Swellendam district of the Cape South Coast region of South Africa
Where is Malgas?
It is a ward in the Swellendam district of the Cape South Coast region of South Africa
What are the wards of Cape South Coast Region that are not incorporated into a district?
- Herbertsdale
- Napier
- Still Bay East
Where is Herbertsdale?
It is a ward in the Cape South Coast Region of South Africa. it is not included in a district.
Where is Napier?
It is a ward in the Cape South Coast Region of South Africa. it is not included in a district.
Where is Still Bay East?
It is a ward in the Cape South Coast Region of South Africa. it is not included in a district.
What is Rust en Verde?
An important producer of Stellebosch
1694 Classification
Who is responsible for renovating Groot Constanta in 1778 and bringing acclaim back to the wines?
Hendrik Cloete
What two geographical areas do not have any smaller production areas located within them?
Kawzulu-Natal and Limpopo
When were the terms Cape Port and Cape Sherry phased out? What is Cape Port referred to as now?
- 2012
- Cape Port is named according to its style: Cape Tawny and Cape Ruby
What is Jerepigo?
A VDL from SA, Hanepoot is fortified prior to fermentation, Hanepoot is the name for Muscat of Alexandria
What is the Boberg Region named for?
The nearby Berg River
it applied only to fortified wine specifically produced from the Coastal Region’s districts of** Paarl, Franschhoek, Tulbagh, and Wellington**. This was something of a vestigial appellation, as it was not widely seen on labels, no more after 2019
Traditional Constantia dessert wines are most similar in style to
Alsace Muscat VT
As of 2021, Methode Cap Classique (MCC) wines are required to have a minimum lees contact period of
12 months
The Stellenbosch and Paarl WO districts are separated by _____ Mountain.
Simonsberg
Muscat de Frontignan is also known as
Muscat Blanc á Petit Grains
Rust en Vrede, Neil Ellis, Kanonkop, and De Toren are all located in which district?
Stellenbosch
