Sources of Drugs Flashcards
what are the 3 sources of drugs?
- Natural
- Semisynthetic
- Synthetic
what are the active compounds in plants
- alkaloids
- glycosides
- resins
- gums
- tannins
- fixed oils
- volatile oils
alkaloids
- most common to create the common class of drugs
- basic nitrogenous bases that are insoluble in water and end in -ine
- their salts are soluble in water
glycosides
sugars combined with organic structures
resins
- substances formed by polymerization of volatile oils (longer chains of oils)
- active ingredient to increase shelf life
gums
- polysaccharides secreted by certain trees
- longer chains of sugars
tannins
NON nitrogenous plant constituents that produce an astringent effect (precipitate proteins)
fixed oils
- STABLE oils that WILL NOT evaporate when exposed to air
- already added to an already active compound
volatile oils
WILL evaporate when exposed to air
what are drug usage examples from animal sources?
- blood transfusions
- plasma
- hormones
what are drug usage examples from fungi?
antibiotics: penicillin, streptomycin
what are drug usage examples from bacteria
antibiotics: bacitracin
what are semisynthetic sources?
from natural sources and chemically treated
what are synthetic sources?
highly purified substances prepared synthetically (does not come from anything natural)