भगवद्गीता १. (source: Sargeant's book) Flashcards
1
Q
धृतराष्ट्रः
A
dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ, mns: Dhṛtarāṣṭra, the blind Kuru king to whom the Bhagavad Gītā is to be related by Saṁjaya, his minister. The name, a BV cpd., means “He by whom the kingdom is held.“
2
Q
उवाच
A
uvāca, 3.s.perf.act. √vac (2P, aniṭ): he said, he spoke.
3
Q
धर्म
A
dharma, m: duty, law, righteousness, virtue, honor.
4
Q
क्षेत्रे
A
kṣetre, nls (kṣetra, n): in the field, on the field.
5
Q
कुरु
A
kuru, m: Kuru, the royal dynasty to which Dhṛtarāṣṭra belongs.
6
Q
समवेताः
A
samavetāḥ, mnpl, p.pass.part. from sam+ava√i (2P): come together, assembled.
7
Q
युयुत्सवः
A
yuyutsavaḥ, mnpl, desiderative adj. (yuyutsu from √yudh (4Ā)): desiring to fight, battle-hungry, desiring to battle.
8
Q
मामकाः
A
māmakāḥ, mnpl, poss. pron. substantivised ‘my people’
9
Q
पाण्डवाः
A
pāṇḍavāḥ, mnpl: the Sons of Pāṇḍu.
10
Q
च
A
ca, ind.: and.
11
Q
एव
A
eva, ind. : indeed (used as a rhythmic filler).
12
Q
किम्
A
kim, inter. pron. : what?
13
Q
अकुर्वत
A
akurvata, 3.pl.impf.middle
√kṛ (8Ā) : they did.
14
Q
संजय
A
saṁjaya, mvs : Saṁjaya, minister to king Dhṛtarāṣṭra, who relates to him the bulk of the Bhagavad Gītā.
15
Q
दृष्ट्वा
A
dṛṣṭvā (gerund -absolutive- of √drś): seeing, having seen.
16
Q
तु
A
tu (ind.): indeed, truly.
17
Q
पाण्डव
A
pāṇḍava (adj.): pertaining to the Sons of Pāṇḍu.
18
Q
अनीक
A
anīka, n.: army, fighting force, face, appearance, edge.
19
Q
पाण्डव-अनीकम्
A
pāṇḍava-anīkam, nas; TP cpd. ‘army of the Sons of Pāṇḍu.
20
Q
व्यूढम्
A
vyūḍham, n.a.s; past passive participle (ta-part.) of vi √vah; ‘arrayed, drawn up in battle formation’.
21
Q
दुर्योधनः
A
duryodhanaḥ, mns: Duryodhana, chief of the Kāurava (Kuru) army, son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra and chief inciter of the battle. The name ‘dus-yodhana’ means ‘ difficult to be conquered’.
22
Q
तदा
A
tadā (ind.): then, at that time.
23
Q
आचार्यम्
A
ācāryam, mas: teacher, master, to the teacher, to the master (Droṇa).
24
Q
उपसंगम्य
A
upasaṁgamya, gerund -absolutive- upa sam √gam (1P): approaching, going up to.
25
राजा
rājā, mns (from rājan, m): the King, royal personage, here referring to Duryodhana.
26
वचनम्
vacanam, nas: word, speech.
27
अब्रवीत्
abravīt , 3.s.impf.act. of √brū; he said, he spoke.
28
पश्य
paśya, 2.s.impv.act. of √paś (4P); Behold! Look! Perceive! See!
29
एताम्
etām, fas: this.
30
पाण्डुपुत्राणाम्
pāṇḍuputrāṇām, mgpl: of the Sons of Pāṇḍu.
31
आचार्य
ācārya, mvs: O Master! O Teacher! (here applied to the aged warrior Droṇa, who has instructed many warriors on both sides of the battle.
32
महतीम्
mahatīm, fas: great, mighty.
33
चमूम्
camūm, fas (from camū, f) : army, division of warriors.
34
व्यूढाम्
vyūḍham, fas, past. pass. part. ('ta part.') of vi √vah: arrayed, drawn up in battle formation
35
द्रुपद
drupada, Drupada, father of Dhṛṣṭradyumna, who is chief of the Pāṇḍava army. The name means 'rapid step'.
36
पुत्रेण
putreṇa, mis: by the son, i.e., by Dhṛṣṭradyumna, whose name means 'bold splendor' or 'audacious majesty'.
37
तव
tava, gs : of thee.
38
शिष्येण
śiṣyeṇa, mis. : 'by the one to be taught', by student, as a student.
39
धीमता
dhīmatā, mis. : by wise, by intelligent.
40
तम्
tam, mas: him, to him
41
तथा
tathā, ind. adv. (correlative of yathā): thus, in this way, also , as well.
42
कृपया
kṛpayā, fis (stem: kṛpā, f): by pity, by sorrow, by being merciful
43
आविश्टम्
āviṣṭam, mas; ta-part. of ā√viś (6P): (lit. entered) here 'filled, affected by, overcome by'
44
कृपा
kṛpā, f: pity, compassion, sorrow, mercy
45
अश्रु
aśru, n.: tear
46
पूर्ण
pūrṇa, ta-pp of √pṝ (9P), filled with or full of (inst. or gen. case or cpd.)
47
आकुल
ākula, adj., downcast, disturbed
48
ईक्षण
īkṣaṇa, n (from √īkṣ (1Ā, īkṣate), eye
49
अश्रुपूर्णाकुलेक्षणम्
aśrupūrṇākulekṣaṇam, nas, BV cpd. 'whose eyes where filled with tears and downcast'.
50
विषीदन्तम्
viṣīdantam, nas, pr.part. of vi√sad (1P); despairing, lamenting, desponding, dejected
51
इदम्
idam, pron. nas, this (stem ayam)
52
वाक्य
vākya, n, word, speech
53
धीमत्
dhīmat, m, wise, intelligent, thoughtful (dhī-mat 'possessing thought')
54
मधुसूदनस्
madhusūdanas, mns, Slayer of Madhu, epithet of Krishna referring to Vishnu-Krishna's slaying the demon Madhu.
55
इषु
iṣu, m. 'arrow'
56
प्रतियोत्स्यामि
pratiyotsyāmi, 1.s.future. of prati √yudh; 'I shall fight against, I shall attack'.
57
पूजा
pūjā, f. 'reverence, honor, veneration'
58
अर्हौ
arhau, m.a.du; worthy, deserving
59
पूजार्हौ
pūjārhau, madu, two-reverence-worthy, two venerable
60
अरि
ari, m.; 'enemy, foe'
61
सूदन
sūdana, m. nom/acc. sg; 'slayer, slaying'
62
अरिसूदन
arisūdana, mvs TP cpd., 'Slayer of the Ennemy', epithet of Krishna
63
श्रीभगवान्
śrībhagavān, mns. 'the Blessed Lord, the Blessed One'
64
उवाच
uvāca, 3.s.perf. of √vac, he said, he spoke
65
कुतस्
kutas (interrog.), whence? from where? from whom? wherefore? how?
66
त्वा
tvā, pron. a.s; 'thee, of thee'
67
कश्मलम्
kaśmalam, n.a.s; 'timidity, impurity, faintheartedness'
68
इदम्
idam, pron. n.a.s; 'this'
69
विषमे
viṣame, m/n l.s; 'in distress, in misfortune, in difficulty, in danger'
70
समुपस्थितम्
samupasthitam, n.a.s; participle of sam+upa√sthā; 'approaching, come near to'
71
अनार्य
anārya, adj., not honorable, unaryan
72
जुष्टम्
juṣṭam, n.a.s; 'acceptable, agreeable, welcome'
73
अनार्याजुष्टम्
anāryajuṣṭam, n.a.s; 'not suitable to an Aryan, not acceptable to an Aryan' (lit. "acceptable to a non-aryan'.
74
अस्वर्ग्यम्
asvargyam, n.a.s; 'not leading to heaven' (svarga,m.; heaven)
75
अकीर्ति
akīrti, f.; 'disgrace, infamy'
76
करम्
karam, n.a.s., 'making, causing' (from the root kṛ, to do, to make)
77
अकीर्ति-करम्
akīrti-karam, n.a.s; TP cpd.; 'causing disgrace'
78
अर्जुन
arjuna, m.v.s; 'Arjuna'
79
क्लैब्यम्
klaibyam, n.a.s; 'cowardice'
80
मा
mā (prohibitive); 'not, never'
81
स्म
sma; 'indeed, in truth'
82
गमस्
gamas, 2nd.sg.aorist subjunctive of √gam (1P); 'thou shouldst undergo, thou shouldst partake of, thou shouldst entertain'.
83
क्लैब्यम् मा गमस्
klaibyam mā gamas; 'do not become a coward'.
84
पार्थ
pārtha, m.v.s; 'Son of Pṛthā', frequent epithet of Arjuna, referring to his mother Pṛthā or Kuntī.
85
न
na; 'not'
86
एतद्
etad, n.n.s; 'this'
87
त्वयि
tvayi, loc.sg; 'in thee'
88
उपपद्यते
upapadyate, 3.s.pres.ind.mid. of upa√pad; 'it is suitable, it is possible, it is according to rule'.
89
क्षुद्रम्
kṣudram, n.a.s; 'base, low, despicable'.
90
हृदय
hṛdaya, n; 'heart'
91
दौर्बल्यम्
daurbalyam, n.a.s; 'lack of strength, weakness, impotence'.
92
हृदयदौर्बल्यम्
hṛdaya-daurbalyam, n.a.s; 'faintheartedness' (lit. 'weakness of heart')
93
त्यक्त्वा
tyaktvā, gerund of √tyaj; 'abandoning, having abandoned'.
94
उत्तिष्ठ
uttiṣṭha; 2.s.impv.act. of ud√sthā; 'stand up! arise!'
95
परंतप
paraṁtapa, m.v.s; 'Scorcher of the Foe', epithet of Arjuna
96
कथम्
katham (interrog.), how? in what way?
97
भीष्मम्
bhīṣmam, m.a.s; 'Bhīṣma', the old Kaurava warrior, great uncle of Arjuna.
98
अहम्
aham, pron; ns; 'I'
99
संख्ये
saṁkhye, n.l.s; 'in battle, in conflict'.
100
द्रोणम्
droṇam, m.a.s; 'Droṇa', a brāhman and Arjuna's teacher, fighting on the Kaurava side.
101
च
ca, and
102
गुरून्
gurūn, m.a.pl; 'elders, gurus, teachers'
103
अहत्वा
ahatvā, gerund of a √han; 'not slaying, instead of slaying'.
104
हि
hi, 'indeed, in truth'
105
महानुभावान्
mahānubhāvān, m.a.pl; 'of great might, mighty, high-minded, noble, generous'; cpd. mahā-anubhāvān from root anu-bhū (1P)
106
श्रेयस्
śreyas (comparative); 'better, preferable'.
107
भोक्तुम्
bhoktum, infinitive of √bhuj; 'to eat, to enjoy'.
108
भैक्ष्यम्
bhaikṣyam, n.a.s; 'living on alms, begging, mendicancy'.
109
अपि
api; 'even, also'
110
इह
iha, 'here, here in the world, here below'.
111
लोके
loke, m.l.s; 'on earth, in the world'
112
हत्वा
hatvā, gerund of √han; 'having slain/killed, slaying, killing'.
113
अर्थ
artha, m; 'gains, property, booty, object'.
114
कामान्
kāmān, m.a.pl; 'desires, greed'.
115
अर्थकामान्
artha-kāmān, m.a.pl; BV cpd.; 'desirous of gain'.
116
तु
tu; 'indeed, but'.
117
एव
eva; 'indeed' (used as a rhythmic filler)
118
भुञ्जीव
bhuñjīva, 1st.s.opt.mid. √bhuj; 'I should enjoy, I should eat'.
119
भोगान्
bhogān, m.a.pl; 'enjoyments, pleasures'.
120
रुधिर
rudhira; adj; 'red, bloody'.
121
प्रदिग्धान्
pradigdhān; m.a.pl; from pra√dih; 'smeared, covered'.
122
रुधिरप्रदिग्धान्
rudhira-pradigdhān; m.a.pl; TP cpd. from pra√dih; 'smeared with blood'.
123
एतत्
etat, pron. nas. 'this'
124
विद्मस्
vidmas; 1st.pl.pres.ind.act. of √vid; 'we know'.
125
कतरत्
katarat, n.a.dual; 'which of two?'
126
नस्
nas, pron. a.pl; 'us'
127
जयेयुस्
jayeyus, 3rd.pl.opt.act of √ji; 'they should conquer, they should be victorious over'.
128
यान्
yān, m.a.pl. relat. pron; 'whom'
129
जिजीविषामस्
jijīviṣāmas, 1st.pl.desiderative.act. of √jīv; 'we desire to live'.
130
ते
te, m.n.pl; pron; 'they'.
131
अवस्थितास्
avasthitās, mnpl. p.pass.participle of ava√sthā, standing, arrayed in battle order, arrayed.
132
प्रमुखे
pramukhe, n.l.s; 'face to face, before us'.
133
कार्पण्य
kārpaṇya, n; 'poorness of spirit, pity'.
134
दोष
doṣa, m; 'wrong, weakness, sin'.
135
उपहत
upahata, p.pass.participle of upa√han; 'damaged, afflicted, overcome, discouraged'.
136
स्वभवस्
svabhavas, nom.sg; 'own being'.
137
कार्पण्य-दोष-उपहत-स्वभवस्
kārpaṇya-doṣa-upahata-svabhavas, ns., BV cpd. 'whose own being was overcome by weakness of pity'.
138
पृच्छामि
pṛcchāmi, 1st.s.pres.ind.act. of √pracch; 'I ask, I pray'.
