Source Rock

Question 1

A sedimentary rock that contains sufficient organic matter such that when it is buried and heated, it will produce petroleum.

Answer 1

Source Rock

Question 2

Chemical composition of organic matter is
diverse because the organisms from which it is derived are complex. The principal biological components of living organisms are proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and lignin.

Answer 2

Organic Matter

Question 3

Are fatty organic compounds, insoluble in water, and found in most abundance in algae, pollen, and spores. Rich in hydrogen, and hence yield high volumes of hydrocarbon molecules on maturation.

Answer 3

Lipids

Question 4

The lipid group contains a special group of compounds called _______?

Answer 4

Isoprenoids

Question 5

A class of hydrocarbon polymers consisting of aliphatic and aromatic structures.

Answer 5

Lignins

Question 6

What are the two basic requirements for the generation and preservation of organic matter in sediments

Answer 6

High Organic Matter Productivity
Anoxic Environment

Question 7

What are the depositional environment with high OM productivity?

Answer 7

Continental Margins
Deltas and Restricted Seas
Lagoon in Warm Margins
Lakes

Question 8

What are the two (2) types of organic matter?

Answer 8

Bitumen
Kerogen

Question 9

Composed of compounds that are soluble in organic solvents.

Answer 9

Bitumen

Question 10

Most abundant organic component on earth.

Answer 10

Kerogen

Question 11

Four (4) types of Kerogen.

Answer 11

Liptinite
Exinite
Vitrinite
Inertinite

Question 12

Has a high hydrogen to carbon ratio but a
low oxygen to carbon ratio. It is oil-prone, with a high yield (up to 80%). It is derived mainly from an algal source, rich in lipids, which formed in lacustrine and/or lagoonal environments. Liptinite fluoresces under UV light.

Answer 12

Type I - Liptinite

Question 13

Has intermediate hydrogen to carbon and oxygen to carbon ratios. It is oil- and gas-prone, with yields of 40—60%. The source is mainly membranous plant debris (spores, pollen, and cuticle), and
phytoplankton and bacterial microorganisms in marine sediments.

Answer 13

Type II - Exinite

Question 14

What type of kerogen contains high proportion of sulfur?

Answer 14

Type II-S Kerogen

Question 15

This type of kerogen is the most abundant.

Answer 15

Type II - Exinite

Question 16

Has a low ratio of hydrogen and high ratio of oxygen relative to carbon, and therefore forms a low yield kerogen, principally generating gas. The primary source is higher plant debris found in coals and/or coaly sediments. It does not fluoresce under UV light; however, it is increasingly reflective at higher levels of maturity and therefore can be used as an indicator of source-rock maturity.

Answer 16

Type III - Vitrinite

Question 17

Is the non-fluorescing product of any of the above kerogens. It is high in carbon and very low in hydrogen, and is often termed “dead-carbon,” having no effective potential to yield oil and gas.

Answer 17

Type IV - Inertinite

Question 18

Kerogen is composed of large hydrocarbon molecules that are 1.)______________, but will break down into smaller molecules of liquid and gaseous hydrocarbon compounds with progressive exposure to higher temperatures.

Answer 18

1. Stable at low temperature

Question 19

Controls of transformation.

Answer 19

Temperature
Nature and abundance of kerogen in source rock

Question 20

The most important control.

Answer 20

Temperature

Question 21

The less important control.

Answer 21

Nature and abundance of kerogen in source rock